James F Short
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3610786 |
|---|---|
| NOME | James F Short |
| PRENOMES | James F |
| SOBRENOME | Short |
| ASSINATURA | SHORT J F |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Washington State University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 103 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 772 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 102 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1952 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 14 |
“Bargaining with Patriarchy” and “Bad Girl Femininity”
This study uses observational, social network, and self-report survey data from a large study of male gangs in Chicago, 1959–62, to examine intragroup relationships and behaviors among their female auxiliaries, particularly the Vice Ladies and Cobraettes. Unlike descriptions of the female gang as forming a cohesive “sisterhood,” our findings revealed frequent intragroup conflict and loosely connected friendship networks. Consistent with the bulk …
Antifa, Street Gangs, and the Importance of Group Processes
Poverty, Ethnicity, and Violent Crime
Violent crime in America is more strongly associated with poverty and with changing social and economic conditions than with race or ethnicity, and patterns of violence are changing. These are among the conclusions of Poverty, Ethnicity, and Violent Crime, a searching analysis that draws on scholarly research from all the social and behavioral sciences. By framing his analysis in terms of different levels of explanation, James Short is able to id…
Collective Violence
Collective Violence
"Collective violence has played an important role throughout American history, though we have typically denied it. But it is not enough to repress violence or to suppress our knowledge of it. We must understand the phenomenon, and to do this, we must learn what violent groups are trying to say. Th at some choose violence tells us something about the perpetrators, inevitably, about ourselves and the society we have built."--Provided by publisher
Reflections on Disciplines and Fields, Problems, Policies, and Life
Following a cursory review of early childhood influences, I discuss growing up during World War II and the subsequent experiences that led me to sociology and criminology. Early encounters with ideas, realities, and people—far too many to acknowledge properly—are noted briefly. I close with observations concerning a few issues of special significance and my experiences with them
Bringing the Study of Street Gangs Back into the Mainstream
Criminology's evolution, from early roots in sociology through claims of autonomy and specialization within the field, has become more global in its reach. Study of street gangs, once imbedded in sociology, has become a specialized field within criminology and more closely identified with law enforcement and control. The immediacy of control concerns had the effect of virtually removing gangs as a focus of the basic social and behavioral sciences…
Crime, Sociology of
Criminology, History of
Gangs, Sociology of
Gangs, law enforcement, and the academy
Bursik Introduction
Urban ethnography and research integrity
■ Problems of data reliability and validity continue to plague the social and behavioral sciences. Enhanced reliability of quantitative data has been achieved by such means as greater attention to instrument construction and testing, improvements in survey technology and sampling of targeted populations, and careful operationalization of theoretical ideas. The integrity of much quantitative research is compromised, however, when quantitative meas…
The Chicago School and the roots of urban ethnography
Disputes Involving Youth Street Gang Members
This paper examines microsocial contexts of violent and nonviolent dispute‐related incidents involving gang members. Data consist of reports of field observations of twelve black and eight white youth street gangs in Chicago between 1959 and 1962. Dispute‐related incidents (N = 2,637) were classified according to three primary pretexts: normative or order violations, identity attacks and retaliation. Findings show that disputes associated with ea…
Some principles for siting controversy decisions
Beginning with the role of ‘stakeholders’ -- those whose interests are, knowingly or unknowingly, affected -- in the siting of noxious facilities, this paper seeks to develop principles for acceptable and democratically arrived at policies related to problems associated with advances in and products of science and technology. Although widely regarded as a necessary condition for success, the principles underpinning stakeholder involvement, such a…
Violent Crime
Analysts have long noted that some societies have much higher rates of criminal violence than others. They have also observed that the risk of being a victim or a perpetrator of violent crime varies considerably from one individual to another. In societies with ethnically and racially diverse populations, some ethnic and racial groups have been reported to have higher rates of violent offending and victimization than other groups. This exceptiona…
Some principles for siting controversy decisions
Internationales Handbuch der Gewaltforschung
Risk and Misfortune
There has been a growing sociological interest in both risk and its management, and with how we cope with the uncertainties of late 20th- century life. Understanding accidents is the key to understanding the risk society, for accidents are both the paradigmatic challenge for risk technologies to predict the apparently unpredictable and the ultimate
Poverty, Ethnicity, and Violent Crime
The Level of Explanation Problem Revisited—the American Society of Criminology 1997 Presidential Address
This presentation revisits the “level of explanation problem” in criminology (a personal project begun more than 35 years ago). I develop the problem historically, paying tribute to those who have led the way and those who continue it. I distinguish between the situational and interactional levels of what has previously been termed the “microsocial” level of explanation. I then elaborate the interactional level and its application to the study of…
Traditional Korean consensus policy‐making
1998). Traditional Korean consensus policy‐making: The hwabaek syndrome as a universal model. Asian Journal of Political Science: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 118-131
Children in Jeopardy
The place of rational choice in criminology and risk analysis
Group process and gang delinquency
The Social Fabric at Risk
Scaling Delinquent Behavior
Disputes Involving Youth Street Gang Members
This paper examines microsocial contexts of violent and nonviolent dispute‐related incidents involving gang members. Data consist of reports of field observations of twelve black and eight white youth street gangs in Chicago between 1959 and 1962. Dispute‐related incidents (N = 2,637) were classified according to three primary pretexts: normative or order violations, identity attacks and retaliation. Findings show that disputes associated with ea…
Reported Behavior as a Criterion of Deviant Behavior
Reported Behavior as a Criterion of Deviant Behavior Get access James F. Short, Jr., James F. Short, Jr. Department of Sociology, State College of Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Ivan Nye F. Ivan Nye Department of Sociology, State College of Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 5, Issue 3, Winter 1957, Pages …
Differential Association and Delinquency
Differential Association and Delinquency Get access James F. Short, Jr. James F. Short, Jr. Department of Sociology, The State College of Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 4, Issue 3, 1 January 1957, Pages 233–239, https://doi.org/10.2307/798775 Published: 09 August 2014
The Level of Explanation Problem Revisited—the American Society of Criminology 1997 Presidential Address
This presentation revisits the “level of explanation problem” in criminology (a personal project begun more than 35 years ago). I develop the problem historically, paying tribute to those who have led the way and those who continue it. I distinguish between the situational and interactional levels of what has previously been termed the “microsocial” level of explanation. I then elaborate the interactional level and its application to the study of…
Toward a Sociology of Organizational Crime
This paper identifies as organizational crimes those illegal actions taken in accordance with operative organizational goals which do serious harm either physical or economic, to employees, consumers, or the general public. The idea of whitecollar crime is insufficient to deal with this phenomenon because it seldom recognizes physical impact or the peculiar features of crime in an organizational setting. Public evaluation of the seriousness of an…
Socioeconomic Status and Delinquent Behavior
Assumptions frequently made as to the differential status distribution of delinquent behavior are questioned. Data obtained from samples of institutionalized and non-institutionalized high-school-age pupils in western and midwestern communities revealed insufficient evidence to reject the hyothesis that there is no significant difference in the amount of delinquent behavior of boys and girls in different socioeconomic strata. The slight differenc…
Suicide and Homicide
Research in Delinquent Subcultures 1
Differential Association as a Hypothesis
Journal Article Differential Association as a Hypothesis: Problems of Empirical Testing Get access James F. Short, Jr. James F. Short, Jr. University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 8, Issue 1, Summer 1960, Pages 14–25, https://doi.org/10.2307/798626 Published: 07 August 2014
Perceived Opportunities, Gang Membership, and Delinquency
Certain aspects of the opportunity structure paradigm were operationalized in a study of delinquent gangs in Chicago. Negro and white lower-class gang boys were compared with lower-class nongang boys from the same neighborhoods, and with middle-class boys, of the same race. The ranking of the six race-by-class-by-gang-status groups on official delinquency rates corresponded more closely to ranking on perceptions of legitimate opportunities than t…
Differential Association with Delinquent Friends and Delinquent Behavior
of the peculiar constraint such interaction places upon the trajectory of the system as it attempts to maintain a steady state. Social organizations connected by two-way couplings exercise a power of veto over each other's states. It is this phenomenon that gives rise to a process of change that can be distinguished from the two already discussed. Consider an imaginary city composed of 10,000 families and four large industrial corporations, ignor…
Behavior Dimensions of Gang Delinquency
Women in Toxic Work Environments
In 1975, the Bunker Hill Company of Kellogg, Idaho, refused to give fertile female employees jobs involving exposure to lead unless they were sterilized. This paper analyzes the development of the Bunker Hill controversy using the Spector and Kitsuse model of social problem development. We refine the model by considering the resources needed by the claims-making groups within each stage of development. Then we suggest modifications to the model t…
Gang Delinquency and Delinquent Subcultures
The State of Sociology
Sixteen distinguished sociologists reflect on broad developments in their areas of interest over the past two or three decades -- the questions that have been asked, the data and methods used, the knowledge generated, and possible future developments in such fields as the sociology of science, racial and ethnic relations, and biosociology. S N Eisenstadt reviews the various theoretical schools, and other contributors discuss broad issues such as:…
The Social Fabric of the Metropolis
Youth, Gangs and Society
The late 1960s saw the emergence of a few “super gangs” whose political and economic activities attracted much attention. More recently, gangs apparently similar to those of the 1950s have become newsworthy again in several major cities. This paper surveys these developments against the background of a variety of macro- and microsociological processes. Research conducted in Chicago and elsewhere during the late 1950s and early 60s suggests that d…
Politics and Youth Gangs
Scholarly interest in the political relationships of youth gangs recently has revived, following mass media reports of the politicization of some gangs and federal and private funding in support of economic and socially constructive programs in which a few large gangs participated. Unlike earlier gang political activities (which supported entrenched political power) recent reports suggest that youth gangs and their young adult counterparts have b…
Aleatory Risks versus Short-Run Hedonism in Explanation of Gang Action
Journal Article Aleatory Risks Versus Short-Run Hedonism in Explanation of Gang Action Get access Fred L. Strodtbeck, Fred L. Strodtbeck Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James F. Short, Jr. James F. Short, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 12, Issue 2, Autumn 1964, Pages 127–140, https://doi.org/10.2307/798976 Published: 07 Aug…
The Response of Gang Leaders to Status Threats
For the explanation of aggressive episodes, group process is seen as an important adjunct both to subcultural and individualistic theories of gang delinquency. Gang leaders are observed to precipitate acts of aggression that are directed outside their group when their status is threatened. This is believed to arise because the leaders' control of internal resources is limited. It also requires the support of aggressive norms within the group for …
Values and Gang Delinquency
Deduced from three theoretical positions on gang delinquency, hypotheses concerning the values of gang, non-gang lower-class, and non-gang middle-class boys were tested with a semantic differential. Contrary to expectation, the data indicated no differences between gang, lower-class, and middle-class boys, both Negro and white, in their evaluation and legitimation of behaviors representing middle-class prescriptive norms. These middle-class behav…
A Strategy for Utilizing Research Dilemmas
A Note on Relief Programs and Crimes During the Depression of the 1930s's
An Experiment in the Prevention of Delinquency
Suicide and Homicide
Suicide and Homicide
Scaling Delinquent Behavior
Reported Behavior as a Criterion of Deviant Behavior
Reported Behavior as a Criterion of Deviant Behavior Get access James F. Short, Jr., James F. Short, Jr. Department of Sociology, State College of Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Ivan Nye F. Ivan Nye Department of Sociology, State College of Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 5, Issue 3, Winter 1957, Pages …
Differential Association and Delinquency
Differential Association and Delinquency Get access James F. Short, Jr. James F. Short, Jr. Department of Sociology, The State College of Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 4, Issue 3, 1 January 1957, Pages 233–239, https://doi.org/10.2307/798775 Published: 09 August 2014
Extent of Unrecorded Juvenile Delinquency Tentative Conclusions
Research in Delinquent Subcultures 1
Differential Association with Delinquent Friends and Delinquent Behavior
of the peculiar constraint such interaction places upon the trajectory of the system as it attempts to maintain a steady state. Social organizations connected by two-way couplings exercise a power of veto over each other's states. It is this phenomenon that gives rise to a process of change that can be distinguished from the two already discussed. Consider an imaginary city composed of 10,000 families and four large industrial corporations, ignor…
Socioeconomic Status and Delinquent Behavior
Assumptions frequently made as to the differential status distribution of delinquent behavior are questioned. Data obtained from samples of institutionalized and non-institutionalized high-school-age pupils in western and midwestern communities revealed insufficient evidence to reject the hyothesis that there is no significant difference in the amount of delinquent behavior of boys and girls in different socioeconomic strata. The slight differenc…
The Gang
Differential Association as a Hypothesis
Journal Article Differential Association as a Hypothesis: Problems of Empirical Testing Get access James F. Short, Jr. James F. Short, Jr. University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 8, Issue 1, Summer 1960, Pages 14–25, https://doi.org/10.2307/798626 Published: 07 August 2014
African Homicide and Suicide.Paul Bohannan
The Analysis of Self-Descriptions by Members of Delinquent Gangs
A Strategy for Utilizing Research Dilemmas
The Response of Gang Leaders to Status Threats
For the explanation of aggressive episodes, group process is seen as an important adjunct both to subcultural and individualistic theories of gang delinquency. Gang leaders are observed to precipitate acts of aggression that are directed outside their group when their status is threatened. This is believed to arise because the leaders' control of internal resources is limited. It also requires the support of aggressive norms within the group for …
Behavior Dimensions of Gang Delinquency
Street Corner Groups and Patterns of Delinquency
Values and Gang Delinquency
Deduced from three theoretical positions on gang delinquency, hypotheses concerning the values of gang, non-gang lower-class, and non-gang middle-class boys were tested with a semantic differential. Contrary to expectation, the data indicated no differences between gang, lower-class, and middle-class boys, both Negro and white, in their evaluation and legitimation of behaviors representing middle-class prescriptive norms. These middle-class behav…
Kids, Crime and Chaos
Why gangs fight
Troublemakers
Adult-Adolescent Relations and Gang Delinquency
Social Deviancy and Adolescent Personality
Sociology (73 obras) · Criminology (60 obras) · Psychology (52 obras) · Political science (43 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (40 obras) · Computer Science (27 obras) · Law (26 obras) · Social Psychology (24 obras) · Juvenile delinquency (23 obras) · Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance (20 obras)