Frank Harary
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3617664 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Frank Harary |
| PRENOMES | Frank |
| SOBRENOME | Harary |
| ASSINATURA | HARARY F |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Michigan |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 50 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 271 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 50 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1956 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2007 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
On the measurement of structural balance
If in a group of people every one loves his friends' friends and also his enemies' enemies and hates his friends' enemies and his enemies' friends, the “signed graph” representing the network of relations will be balanced. The degree of balance of a graph, then, provides a sociometric index which may be of importance in constructing theories of group structure and behavior. There are several ways of defining the degree of balance, and the group h…
The Cohesiveness of Blocks In Social Networks
This study shows several ways that formal graph theoretic statements map patterns of network ties into substantive hypotheses about social cohesion. If network cohesion is enhanced by multiple connections between members of a group, for example, then the higher the global minimum of the number of independent paths that connect every pair of nodes in the network, the higher the social cohesion. The cohesiveness of a group is also measured by the e…
Applications of the Minimum Spanning Tree Problem to Network Analysis
From a mathematical perspective many problems in anthropology concerned with the analysis of structures, patterns, and configurations are combinatorial in nature. There are three types of combinatorial problems: The existence problem asks , “Is there a structure of a certain type?” The counting problem asks , “How many such structures are there?” The optimization problem asks , “Which is the best structure according to some criterion?” (Roberts 1…
A Test of Communication and Cultural Similarity in Polynesian Prehistory
Tattooing, Gender and Social Stratification in Micro-Polynesia
Gell's combinatorial analysis of variations in tattooing practices and social organization in Polynesia is shown to be incomplete. Our purpose is to revise and generalize Gell's analysis and extend it to include the historically related societies of nuclear Micronesia. The discovery of the missing Micronesian variations has important implications for comparative studies of symbolism and social stratification in Oceania, and illustrates the advant…
Hierarchical Opposition Revisited
The Minimum Spanning Tree Problem in Archaeology
The minimum spanning tree problem is a well-known problem of combinatorial optimization. It was independently discovered in archaeology by Renfrew and Sterud in their method of close proximity analysis. Unlike traditional methods of seriation, this method permits branching structures that reveal clustering in archaeological data. Identifying close proximity analysis as the minimum spanning tree problem permits a more efficient means of computatio…
Eccentricity and centrality in networks
Hierarchical Opposition
The purpose of this paper is to give a simple, clear and precise graph theoretic characterization of Dumont's controversial and ambiguous concept of hierarchical opposition. The analysis has special importance for Austronesianists who have independently discovered and applied the concept of hierarchical opposition on several different occasions
Close-Proximity Analysis
Rezensionsteil
Exchange in Oceania
Structural Models in Anthropology
Wealth and Hierarchy in the Kula Ring
The love-hate structure of Dangerous Corner
Structural Models in Anthropology
Hage and Harary present a comprehensive introduction to the use of graph theory in social and cultural anthropology. Using a wide range of empirical examples, the authors illustrate how graph theory can provide a language for expressing in a more exact fashion concepts and notions that can only be imperfectly rendered verbally. They show how graphs, digraphs and networks, together with their associated matrices and duality laws, facilitate the st…
On the Structure of International Disdain
A binary relation R is a collection of ordered pairs (x,y). The relation R of international disdain is defined operationally by means of the joking relationship which occurs frequently among primitive tribes studied by anthropologists (1). For example the ordered pair (USA, Poland) is in R since i n America, one frequently hears the derogatory joke, Q1: How many Poles does it cake ro change a light bulb? A l : Three. One holds the light bulb and …
Graph theory in network analysis
What is a system
Communication Conflict
Communication conflict is described in terms of a graph theoretic model in-volving demiarcs. A classification of communication conflict situations is proposed leading to an analysis of the specific nature of communication breakdown. A hypothetical marriage counseling session is analyzed in the framework of this model
Pollution Beliefs in Highland New Guinea
Mediation and Power in Melanesia
A simple algorithm to detect balance in signed graphs
Balance in stochastic signed graphs
Matrix measures for transitivity and balance
Our object is to develop matrix formulas for measuring transitivity in digraphs and balance in signed graphs or digraphs. The transitivity ratio is introduced giving the probability that a 2‐step path will be completed to a transitive triple. As it is not feasible to enumerate all cycles in a signed graph or digraph, restrictive degrees of balance are considered which involve only small cycles
Structural models
The Cohesiveness of Blocks In Social Networks
This study shows several ways that formal graph theoretic statements map patterns of network ties into substantive hypotheses about social cohesion. If network cohesion is enhanced by multiple connections between members of a group, for example, then the higher the global minimum of the number of independent paths that connect every pair of nodes in the network, the higher the social cohesion. The cohesiveness of a group is also measured by the e…
On the measurement of structural balance
If in a group of people every one loves his friends' friends and also his enemies' enemies and hates his friends' enemies and his enemies' friends, the “signed graph” representing the network of relations will be balanced. The degree of balance of a graph, then, provides a sociometric index which may be of importance in constructing theories of group structure and behavior. There are several ways of defining the degree of balance, and the group h…
A structural analysis of the situation in the Middle East in 1956
We attempt to display a systematic approach for the distinction between states of equilibrium and disequilibrium in the interrelationships between nations, using as corroborative material the rapid shifts in 1956 among the various nations, brought about by the Middle Eastern situation. The psychological theory behind this approach is that of structural balance, which is pertinent in the present context to balance of power, while the logical frame…
Structural Models in Anthropology
Hage and Harary present a comprehensive introduction to the use of graph theory in social and cultural anthropology. Using a wide range of empirical examples, the authors illustrate how graph theory can provide a language for expressing in a more exact fashion concepts and notions that can only be imperfectly rendered verbally. They show how graphs, digraphs and networks, together with their associated matrices and duality laws, facilitate the st…
Status and Contrastatus
Exchange in Oceania
A Mathematical Model for Structural Role Theory, I
A Procedure for Clique Detection Using the Group Matrix
A Mathematical Model for Structural Role Theory, II
Wealth and Hierarchy in the Kula Ring
Pollution Beliefs in Highland New Guinea
Mediation and Power in Melanesia
Anatomy of a Communication Arc
Demiarcs
In the course of extensive conversations during the past decade with Dorwin Cartwright, the concept of demiarcs was conceived, developed, explored, and applied to a great variety of relational systems. The present communication is not intended as definitive, but rather as introductory and exploratory. There is still much room for clarification, empirical justification, and application to a great variety of relational systems including the study o…
Merton Revisited
A graph-theoretic approach to the analysis of international relations
Peer Reviewed
Communication Conflict
Communication conflict is described in terms of a graph theoretic model in-volving demiarcs. A classification of communication conflict situations is proposed leading to an analysis of the specific nature of communication breakdown. A hypothetical marriage counseling session is analyzed in the framework of this model
A simple algorithm to detect balance in signed graphs
A graph theoretic approach to the investigation of system‐environment relationships
For any empirical structure consisting of a system S and its environment E, there is an associated digraph D whose points and arcs (directed lines) correspond to the elements and relationships of the structure. The arcs of D are thus of four types: (1) internal arcs, which join two points of S; (b) external arcs, which join two points of E; (c) out‐liaisons of S, which join a point of S to one of E; and (d) in‐liaisons of S, which join a point of…
Malinowski's Magic
The author uses the technique of substruction in order to explicate the conceptualizations about magic, science, and religion which, over more than 50 years, have been brought forward by anthropologists like Malinowski, Nadel, and Goody. The outcome is several typologies which encompass also the important linguistic notion of performative acts originated by J. L. Austin. By means of these typologies it is possible to relate to each other in a log…
Aesthetic Tree Patterns in Graph Theory
Tests of pattern recognition and construction were made using trees, which are the simplest structural configurations occurring in the mathematics of graph theory. This led to the discovery that certain types of tree patterns are regularly overlooked and others frequently duplicated. Following these tests, a number of student subjects expressed their personal aesthetic preferences for trees and more complex graphs, as well as for different presen…
A Description of Strengthening and Weakening Members of a Group
Structural balance
A Procedure for Clique Detection Using the Group Matrix
Toward a General Calculus of Phonemic Distribution
In recent years there have appeared in linguistic publications a number of explicit references to the methodology and concepts of mathematical logic. In the abstract of one provocative article, Martin Joos writes, 'Physicists describe speech with continuous mathematics, such as Fourier analysis or the autocorrelation function. Linguists describe language instead, using a discontinuous or discrete mathematics called “linguistics”.' Joos spells out…
Status and Contrastatus
A Description of Strengthening and Weakening Members of a Group
A structural analysis of the situation in the Middle East in 1956
We attempt to display a systematic approach for the distinction between states of equilibrium and disequilibrium in the interrelationships between nations, using as corroborative material the rapid shifts in 1956 among the various nations, brought about by the Middle Eastern situation. The psychological theory behind this approach is that of structural balance, which is pertinent in the present context to balance of power, while the logical frame…
A Mathematical Model for Structural Role Theory, I
Cosi Fan Tutte”—A Structural Study
A Graph Theoretic Approach to Similarity Relations
A similarity relation is reflexive and symmetric. A graph may be regarded as a geometric representation of an irreflexive symmetric relation; an r -graph then coincides with a similarity relation. For the realization of psychophysical phenomena, the points of a graph stand for the stimuli and a line for indistinguishability of a stimulus pair. Not all graphs, however, are likely to arise as similarity relations in a real situation. A special clas…
A Mathematical Model for Structural Role Theory, II
Structural models
Structural Study of “A Severed Head”
The utilization of graph theory in the study of group structure has accelerated considerably in recent years. In the play, “A Severed Head,” this approach is useful for content analysis and also provides a practical example of a situation in which graphs can be used to represent the structure of interpersonal relationships, where the use of planar regions is not feasible
Merton Revisited
Graph Theory
A graph-theoretic approach to the analysis of international relations
Peer Reviewed
Demiarcs
In the course of extensive conversations during the past decade with Dorwin Cartwright, the concept of demiarcs was conceived, developed, explored, and applied to a great variety of relational systems. The present communication is not intended as definitive, but rather as introductory and exploratory. There is still much room for clarification, empirical justification, and application to a great variety of relational systems including the study o…
Aesthetic Tree Patterns in Graph Theory
Tests of pattern recognition and construction were made using trees, which are the simplest structural configurations occurring in the mathematics of graph theory. This led to the discovery that certain types of tree patterns are regularly overlooked and others frequently duplicated. Following these tests, a number of student subjects expressed their personal aesthetic preferences for trees and more complex graphs, as well as for different presen…
Anatomy of a Communication Arc
A Mathematical Approach to Nonfigurative Modular Pictures
On a Mathematical Approach to Nonfigurative Modular Pictures
Malinowski's Magic
The author uses the technique of substruction in order to explicate the conceptualizations about magic, science, and religion which, over more than 50 years, have been brought forward by anthropologists like Malinowski, Nadel, and Goody. The outcome is several typologies which encompass also the important linguistic notion of performative acts originated by J. L. Austin. By means of these typologies it is possible to relate to each other in a log…
A City is Not a Semilattice Either
In 1965 Christopher Alexander took the original step of analysing the city in graph theoretical terms and concluded that its historical or natural form is a semilattice and that urban planners of the future should adhere to this model. The idea was well received in architectural circles and has passed without serious challenge. In this paper, the value of such analysis is once again emphasized, although some of Alexander's arguments and his concl…
Graph Theoretic Methods in the Management Sciences
Structural Balance
A graph theoretic approach to the investigation of system‐environment relationships
For any empirical structure consisting of a system S and its environment E, there is an associated digraph D whose points and arcs (directed lines) correspond to the elements and relationships of the structure. The arcs of D are thus of four types: (1) internal arcs, which join two points of S; (b) external arcs, which join two points of E; (c) out‐liaisons of S, which join a point of S to one of E; and (d) in‐liaisons of S, which join a point of…
Computer Science (32 obras) · Mathematics (25 obras) · Psychology (18 obras) · Sociology (17 obras) · Combinatorics (15 obras) · Graph (13 obras) · Complex Network Analysis Techniques (12 obras) · Philosophy (11 obras) · Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence (10 obras) · Social Psychology (10 obras)