Norman Hammond
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3617671 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Norman Hammond |
| PRENOMES | Norman |
| SOBRENOME | Hammond |
| ASSINATURA | HAMMOND N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Boston University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 122 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 839 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 121 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1967 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 14 |
Karen Pierce & Louise Belanger. 2024. Illustrations of Maya pottery from Lamanai, Belize (Archaeology of the Maya Vol. 13; British Archaeological Reports international series 3191). Oxford
Karen Pierce& Louise Belanger . 2024. Illustrations of Maya pottery from Lamanai, Belize (Archaeology of the Maya Vol. 13; British Archaeological Reports international series 3191). Oxford: BAR; 978-1-4073-6093-5 paperback £70
Walter R.T. Witschey & Clifford T. Brown. 2025. Atlas of the ancient Maya world (The Early Americas
Ute Franke & Thomas Urban. 2025. Ancient Herat 1
Ute Franke & Thomas Urban. 2025. Ancient Herat 1: documentation of archaeological sites and monuments in Herat Province. Berlin: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin-Preußischer Kulturbesitz and Ancient Herat Project; 978-3-00-051938-3 hardcover €85
Alterity and domesticity
These are, as their titles indicate, two very different Maya books: Christina Halperin's is at the hard-core end of theoretical interpretation and aimed at the professional market, while Traci Ardren's is an attempt to explain ancient Maya civilisation to a general audience. Both succeed in their basic objectives and both have annoying minor flaws
The carved monuments of La Milpa, Belize
La Milpa, situated in northern Belize, stands out as one of the region's largest archaeological sites, having served as the capital of an ancient Maya city-state. Its significance is indicated by extensive monumental architecture, with the epicenter covering approximately 8.8 ha. The site's corpus of monuments, comprising 23 stelae and several altars, underscores its prominence in northern Belize, rivaling the corpora of sites such as Nim li Puni…
Christoph Baumer. 2021. History of the Caucasus
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The Archaeology of Afghanistan
An updated and revised edition of a classic text on the archaeology of AfghanistanAfghanistan is at the cultural crossroads of Asia, where the great civilisations of Mesopotamia and Iran, South Asia and Central Asia overlapped and sometimes conflicted. Its landscape embraces environments from the high mountains of the Hindu Kush to the Oxus basin and the great deserts of Sistan; trade routes from China to the Mediterranean, and from Central Asia …
The Aberdeen Celt
Boxing Day
The notion of ancient Maya ritual combat, beyond the well-known rubber-ball game played across Mesoamerica, was proposed 40 years ago on the basis of a polychrome vase from southern Belize and a series of Late Classic (AD 700-850) pottery figurines depicting similarly accoutred individuals, found at the site of Lubaantun (Hammond 1976: figs 4-6
Maya
Maya archaeology is flourishing; across three millennia, four countries and an impressive range of intellectual and practical approaches, the eight books under review here make that point well. One is the ninth edition of a deservedly successful book for a general readership, one the catalogue of the first Maya exhibition to be held in Britain in nearly half a century. A further volume deals with sites in the northern Maya lowlands of the Yucatan…
Tikal Reports
The University of Pennsylvania Museum's Tikal Project of 1958-1968 was one of the great Maya investigations of the twentieth century. It was the most ambitious study of a Maya city so far undertaken, with scores of staff, graduate students and local workers engaged in a range of activities from mapping the site core and its surrounding settlement, to stripping the tropical forest from the colossal temple-pyramids and restoring them, to establishi…
Maya Archaeology and Ethnohistory
Ciudades mayas preclásicas, raíces y evolución
Este artículo presenta las evidencias arqueológicas recuperadas de una de las comunidades mayas más temprana del Preclásico Medio que se hayan excavado extensivamente. Se hace una breve mención de las formas de vida de la población preclásica, así como de su entorno natural, sus cultivos, su alimentación y de la elaboración de papel amate que aquella empleaba para plasmar símbolos. Todas estas evidencias muestran una sociedad estratificada, cuyos…
Palenque
Marken, Damien B. ( ed. ). Palenque: recent investigations at the classic Maya center . xxiii, 335 pp., maps, figs, tables, illus., bibliogrs . New York : AltaMira Press , 2007 . £22.99 (paper) Palenque was the first Maya city to be explored, in the 1780s, by Antonio Bernasconi and then Antonio del Río. Nearly half a century later it was also the first to be published about, when del Río's Description of the ruins of an ancient city was brought o…
Harri Kettunen. Nasal motifs in Maya iconography
Harri Kettunen. Nasal motifs in Maya iconography: a methodological approach to the study of ancient Maya art. 780 pages, 289 illustrations, 197 tables. 2006. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica; 951-41-0994-5 hardback €50. - Volume 82 Issue 318
Understanding Early Classic Copan . Ellen E. Bell , Marcello A. Canuto , Robert J. Sharer
Maya Political Science
Clarifying Color in the Codex Mendoza
Color differences between the original illustrations in the Codex Mendoza and the facsimile most widely used by scholars can be calibrated using a standard set of Munsell soil color charts. The discrepancies are potentially misleading about the presence and origin of some pigments used and the cultural significance of what is being shown in the document
Gordon Randolph Willey 1913-2002
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Exploring heaven on earth
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Ancestral faces
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Squaring off
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A Preclassic Maya sweatbath at Cuello, Belize
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The Cobata colossal head
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Lubaantun, a classic Maya realm
Pattern of the past
Child's Play
Recent discussions of deposit formation and disturbance in archaeology ignore the possible perturbation of artifact distribution by children's play. Experimental data indicate some results of such activity, and suggest that it should be borne in mind when reconstructing behavior patterns based on depositional history
Mesoamerican Archaeology
Maya Archaeology and Ethnohistory
Preface (Norman Hammond and Gordon R. Willey) * Introduction (Gordon R. Willey and Norman Hammond) * Theoretical Interpretations *1. Priests, Peasants, and Ceremonial Centers: The Intellectual History of a Model (Marshall Joseph Becker) *2. Cropping Cash in the Protoclassic: A Cultural Impact Statement (Bruce H. Dahlin) *3. A New Order and the Role of the Calendar: Some Characteristics of the Middle Classic Period at Tikal (Clemency Coggins) *4. …
The Lowland Maya “Protoclassic
The term “Protoclassic,” employed regularly but inexplicitly in the literature of lowland Maya archaeology, has become increasingly nebulous and ambiguous in both meaning and usage. This paper reviews the history and use of the term and presents a formal redefinition of the Protoclassic as a ceramic stage based explicitly and exclusively on ceramic criteria. Some suggestions regarding future use of the term also are offered. The paper further add…
Pilgrimage's last mile
Pilgrimage over short distances and as the result of social stress is a well‐documented phenomenon. The movement of Classic Maya (AD 250–900) stone monuments at the site of La Milpa, in Belize, includes the resetting of fragments no longer carrying a coherent message, suggesting that this occurred during the Postclassic period after the abandonment of La Milpa, and that it was carried out by pilgrims who also deposited incense‐burners in front of…
Ancient Maya Civilization
Hot dogs
The contribution of animal protein to the ancient Maya diet, and its means of procurement, can be assessed more accurately on the basis of systematic faunal recovery from recent excavations. We evaluate the presence of dog (Canis familiaris) remains in Preclassic (1200 BC-AD 250) deposits from the Maya site of Cuello, Belize, and conclude that the animals were raised for food and killed at the end of their first year of life. The frequency and di…
Redefinition of the Swasey Phase at Cuello, Belize
Calibrated radiocarbon dates of 19 samples excavated since 1976 at the site of Cuello, in northern Belize, place the Swasey phase (11 dates) and Bladen phase (8 dates) in the Middle Formative period, rather than in the Early Formative, as 10 dates on charcoal excavated in 1975 and 1976 indicated. The post-1976 dates for both phases fall between about 1100 and 400 B.C., and the two sets do not appear to differ significantly. All except 3 of the 35…
The Prehistory of the Southeastern Maya Periphery
Early Maya architectural innovation at Cuello, Belize
While Classic Maya architecture has long been famed, its origins are obscure. Excavations at the Preclassic site of Cuello, Belize, have yielded a sequence of buildings for the period between 1000 BC and AD 400, which demonstrates the transformation of a domestic compound into a ceremonial precinct. Ephemeral constructions of earth and plaster give place to larger and more solid buildings faced with masonry, and eventually to solid stone‐fill str…
The Earliest Lowland Maya? Definition of the Swasey Phase
Recent excavations in Belize have resulted in the discovery of an earlier period of sedentary occupation than has hitherto been documented in the Maya Lowlands. The Swasey phase is stratigraphically antecedent to occupations of the early Middle Formative, the earliest horizon located until now, and associated radiocarbon dates suggest a persistence from 2000-1000 b.c./2500-1300 B.C. The ceramic and lithic material culture of the phase are describ…
The Long Goodbye
Completed excavations at this important Preclassic Maya site have produced 350 m2 of Middle Preclassic (1200-400 B. C.) deposits dug to bedrock; a continuous section 47 m long through the Preclassic deposits documents the architectural history of the site. Nine more Middle Preclassic burials, the remains of earth- and plaster-floored houses with associated yard surfaces, and a chultun chamber containing well-preserved plant remains document econo…
Middle Preclassic Buildings and Burials at Cuello, Belize
Two areas of Middle Preclassic architecture flanking a courtyard dating between ca. 650 and 400 B. C. were investigated. Successive plaster-floored houses were found that had perishable superstructures, and which demonstrated periodic partial demolition and rebuilding. Thirteen burials had a range of grave goods and orientations; burial position may, however, be lineage specific. While adult grave goods do not indicate social diversity, abundant …
Lords of the Hills
Mapping La Milpa
The first major season of field operations at this major Lowland Maya site, located on the eastern edge of the Classic Maya core area, has revealed a great deal of information about the layout of the site and also demonstrated that its history was a long one
No slow dusk
The 1998 excavations at the Maya city of La Milpa have revealed important structures of the ruling élite, including several throne rooms, but also evidence for a sudden cessation of élite activity when the occupation was at its height. Extensive mapping suggests a population of some 46,000 over a short period in the 8th and 9th centuries AD
Historical Archaeology in Global Perspective
Ecology and Economy of a Formative Maya Site at Cuello, Belize
The early lowland Maya site of Cuello, Belize, has a ceramic and stratigraphic sequence extending back through the Early Formative, which radiocarbon dating indicates begins by at least 2000 b.c./2500 B.C. The environmental archaeology program of the Cuello Project has identified a number of local econiches, and flotation of carbonized plant remains has documented the exploitation of these throughout the site sequence.The ubiquitous presence of m…
Social Process in Maya Prehistory
Pitt Rivers. The Life and Archaeological Work of Lieutenant-General Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt Rivers, DCL, FRS, FSA
1. Introduction 2. Progress in modern musketry 3 Married life 4. Ethnology and anthropology 5. Early archaeological fieldwork 6. The Inspector of Ancient Monuments 7. Excavations in Cranborne Chase 8. Public education 9. The father of scientific archaeology
Middle Preclassic Maya buildings and burials at Cuello, Belize
Work in 1992 has significantly added to understanding of this important Maya site in the Middle Formative or Preclassic period (1000-450 BC). The known settled area now extends to 1.62 sq. km. One of the 14 burials was associated with rich grave-goods, suggesting that it was of a leading member of the Cuello community in the 5th century BC
Preclassic to Postclassic in northern Belize
Northern Belize lies in the northeastern quadrant of the central rainforest zone of the area formerly occupied by Classic Maya civilization, adjacent to the ecological frontier with the northern zone, the arid karstic plain of northern Yucatan. It is bounded on the east by the Caribbean, and is traversed by two of the major rivers of the Maya lowlands, the Rio Hondo and Rio Nuevo, the upper tributaries of which drain the Maya heartland of south C…
Trace Element Analysis of Obsidian Artifacts from a Classic Maya Residential Group at Nohmul, Belize
Forty-nine obsidian artifacts from a Classic period residential group at Nohmul, northern Belize, have been analyzed by neutron activation analysis. The majority of the samples originated from Ixtepeque, and the remainder from El Chayal. Increasing prominence of the Ixtepeque source from the Late Classic into the Terminal Classic (i.e., before and after ca. A.D. 800) suggests greater use of a coastal distribution route known to have originated in…
Rethinking Ramón
A recent identification of ramon in Miranda's sixteenth-century relacion of Alta Verapaz more likely describes achiote. There is very little archaeological evidence to suggest that ramon was more than a famine food in ancient Maya times
The Limes Tripolitanus
Neolithic Comments
I have done some varied seafaring in different kinds of odd craft and so have some idea of the difficulties involved in earlier days. In the summer of 1925 I was at sea in a Fleetwood trawler, which was fishing the Ioo-fathom line from St Kilda to the Blaskets. On I July, we were off Galway Bay; it was a fairly calm day with a big Atlantic swell running. A three-man curragh from Inishmore (one of the Aran Islands) came alongside and the crew begg…
Obsidian Trade Routes in the Mayan Area
Obsidian from two sources in highland Guatemala has been found at 23 sites of the Classic Mayan civilization, mainly in the nonvolcanic lowlands to the north. The distribution, together with trade routes suggested by topography and documentary sources, suggests efficient waterborne transport and competition between sources for the lowland market.
A Minor Criticism of the Type-Variety System of Ceramic Analysis
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A giant scale for long-distance photography
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Preclassic to Postclassic in northern Belize
Northern Belize lies in the northeastern quadrant of the central rainforest zone of the area formerly occupied by Classic Maya civilization, adjacent to the ecological frontier with the northern zone, the arid karstic plain of northern Yucatan. It is bounded on the east by the Caribbean, and is traversed by two of the major rivers of the Maya lowlands, the Rio Hondo and Rio Nuevo, the upper tributaries of which drain the Maya heartland of south C…
Governor Pownall's American vases
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A Classic Maya Tooth Cache from Lubaantun, Belize
Fish Remains in Archaeology
Casteel's contention that fish remains can yield information on territorial exploitation can be expanded to include inferences about the necessary technology
Palaeolithic Mammalian Faunas and Parietal art in Cantabria
The economic basis of the Cantabrian Upper Palaeolithic as reported by L. G. Freeman is compared with the coeval parietal art, and a motivational basis for the latter suggested
The Prehistory of the Southeastern Maya Periphery
Archaeology
A classic Maya family tomb
Rescue excavation of a burial chamber at the Classic Maya site of Lubaantún, Belize, showed it to be a collective inhumation tomb containing at least eighteen individuals. Analysis of the teeth demonstrated that all were adult and probably genetically related, while the associated pottery vessels indicated deposition of burials during the eighth and ninth centuries A.D. The relationship of the tomb to other Classic Maya examples of the collective…
Middle America
Mesoamerican Archaeology
News and Short Contributions
Emma Lou Davis, John S. Henderson, Thomas R. Hester, W. D. Kingery, W. H. Gourdin, John Tomenchuk, Steve Tomenchuk, R. Ross Holloway, Norman Hammond, News and Short Contributions, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 3, No. 3 (1976), pp. 341-357
Archaeology
Sir Eric Thompson, 1898-1975
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News and Short Contributions
Sir Eric Thompson
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Maya Archaeology and Ethnohistory
Preface (Norman Hammond and Gordon R. Willey) * Introduction (Gordon R. Willey and Norman Hammond) * Theoretical Interpretations *1. Priests, Peasants, and Ceremonial Centers: The Intellectual History of a Model (Marshall Joseph Becker) *2. Cropping Cash in the Protoclassic: A Cultural Impact Statement (Bruce H. Dahlin) *3. A New Order and the Role of the Calendar: Some Characteristics of the Middle Classic Period at Tikal (Clemency Coggins) *4. …
Social Process in Maya Prehistory
The Earliest Lowland Maya? Definition of the Swasey Phase
Recent excavations in Belize have resulted in the discovery of an earlier period of sedentary occupation than has hitherto been documented in the Maya Lowlands. The Swasey phase is stratigraphically antecedent to occupations of the early Middle Formative, the earliest horizon located until now, and associated radiocarbon dates suggest a persistence from 2000-1000 b.c./2500-1300 B.C. The ceramic and lithic material culture of the phase are describ…
Maya Archaeology and Ethnohistory
Early Maya ceremonial at Cuello, Belize
The formative period of Maya civilization has been the subject of recent attention, both in discussion (e.g. Adams, 1977) and in excavation; several projects have been established specifically to investigate the processes that led to the Classic Maya florescence in the first millennium AD. Among these has been the Cuello Project, a joint venture of the British Museum, the National Geographic Society and Rutgers University; this article summarizes…
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