Scott L Feld
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3628175 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Scott L Feld |
| PRENOMES | Scott L |
| SOBRENOME | Feld |
| ASSINATURA | FELD S L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | State University of New York at Stony Brook |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 60 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1550 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 60 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1976 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2017 |
| ÍNDICE H | 16 |
Finding the Threshold of Exclusion for all single seat and multi-seat scoring rules
Modeling the effects of changing issue salience in two-party competition
Towards a theory of bicameralism
Applications of Shapley-Owen Values and the Spatial Copeland Winner
The Shapley-Owen value (SOV, Owen and Shapley 1989, Optimal location of candidates in ideological space. International Journal of Game Theory 125–42), a generalization of the Shapley-Shubik value applicable to spatial voting games, is an important concept in that it takes us away from a priori concepts of power to notions of power that are directly tied to the ideological proximity of actors. SOVs can also be used to locate the spatial analogue t…
When a man hits a woman
We use experimental data from a nationally representative sample to examine whether gender and the victim's relationship to the offender affect attitudes about the seriousness of the offense and whether the offense should be reported to the police. We find that respondents are particularly likely to condemn men's assaults on women, and to favor reporting them. The pattern appears to reflect both greater moral condemnation of men's assaults on wom…
Gender Norms and Retaliatory Violence Against Spouses and Acquaintances
This article examines an experiment embedded within a nationally representative survey of adult Americans to investigate gender norms regarding retaliatory violence between spouses and acquaintances. Contrary to claims that societal norms permit violence within marriage, respondents disapproved of retaliatory violence against spouses more than they did against acquaintances. Contrary to claims that gender roles encourage violence by males more th…
The Production and Placement of Political Science Ph.D.s, 1902–2000
This paper is the second of a three-part series dealing with quantitative indicators of impact and prominence in the political science discipline. In these essays, we assess some of the changes in the discipline since the publication of the Somit and Tanenhaus (1963; 1964; 1967) studies that cover the first 60 years of the twentieth century. In the first paper of the series, published in the January 2007 issue of PS (Masuoka, Grofman, and Feld 20…
The Laakso-Taagepera Index in A Mean and Variance Framework
The Laakso-Taagepera index (Laakso and Taagepera, 1979) has become the most commonly used measure to specify the ‘effective’number of political parties in a party system where parties vary substantially in their vote and/or seat shares. It is well known that the Laakso-Taagepera index is the inverse of the even more widely used Herfindahl-Hirschman index of concentration (Hirschman, 1945; Herfindahl, 1950; cf. Taagepera and Grofman, 1981). Drawin…
Ranking Departments
There are many different ways to develop rankings of Ph.D.-granting academic departments. Perhaps the most common method is reputational: we simply ask knowledgeable scholars in the discipline to provide their rankings and aggregate these in some fashion. Other ways involve more “objective indicators.” But, of course, departments have multiple attributes, e.g., we might be interested in how good a department is as a place to get a Ph.D., or we mi…
The Political Science 400
This essay is the first of a planned three-part series dealing with quantitative indicators of continuity and change in the political science discipline, focusing on the period since 1960. The series is inspired by the work of Somit and Tanenhaus (1967) which presented reputational rankings of both departments and individuals. For this series of essays, we created a unique database in which we recorded cumulative citation counts between 1960–2005…
Describing Changes in Personal Networks over Time
Social ties are continuously being created and lost as well as changing their nature over time. We emphasize that network descriptions are specific to their particular definitions of ties. Then, we suggest that studies of change can focus on: (1) individual ties, or whole personal networks; and (2) whether ties are gained or lost, or change their characteristics over time. For each of four possible study types, we describe an ideal type, provide …
Thinking About the Political Impacts of the Electoral College
Principles relating social regard to size and density of personal networks, with applications to stigma
Comparing and Contrasting the Uses of Two Graphical Tools for Displaying Patterns of Multiparty Competition
We compare two tools for displaying, in graphical form, information about vote outcomes in multiparty elections at the constituency level. One was recently proposed by Nagayama and introduced to the English-speaking world by Reed, who applied this method to Japanese and Italian election data. Reed labels the method Nagayama diagrams. Recently, Taagepera has shown how the domain of potential uses of Nagayama diagrams can be expanded significantly.…
Detecting measurement bias in respondent reports of personal networks
On the Emergence of Social Norms
Christian Right as Civil Right
Covenant Marriage
The phrase "alternative family forms" evokes images of family organization that deviate from the so-called "traditional" model of nuclear structure with husband/breadwinner, wife/homemaker. This paper, however, examines a new, alternative form of marriage contract that is highly compatible with that traditional model: "Covenant Marriage," which is currently available in just two of the fifty U.S. states. We begin by describing features of the cov…
The R 2 = .93
Nash equilibrium strategies in directional models of two- candidate spatial competition
When DesegregationReducesInterracial Contact
Increasing interracial contact is one of the goals of school desegregation policies. However, focusing upon weak ties as one important type of interracial contact, we show how reallocation of students among schools for desegregation may reduce opportunities for interracial contact. We analyze this apparent paradox and show that it is a member of the mathematical family of phenomena known as class size paradoxes. Then, we consider policy implicati…
Structural embeddedness and stability of interpersonal relations
Network analysis using the method of path lists
The Reasoning Voter
Reasoning Voter is an insider's look at campaigns, candidates, media, and voters that convincingly argues that voters make informed logical choices. Samuel L. Popkin analyzes three primary campaigns Carter in 1976; Bush and Reagan in 1980; and Hart, Mondale, and Jackson in 1984 to arrive at a new model of the way voters sort through commercials and sound bites to choose a candidate. Drawing on insights from economics and cognitive psychology, he …
Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Cycle? Evidence from 36 Elections
We analyze 36 elections held by professional associations, unions, and non-profit organizations in England and Ireland. We show that these elections manifest a remarkably high degree of transitivity, with a Condorcet (majority) winner always found. Moreover, ordering alternatives according to their Borda score provides a transitive majority ordering in nearly all instances
The Focused Organization of Social Ties
Sociologists since Simmel have been interseted in social circles as essential features of friendship networks. Although network analysis has been increasingly used to uncover patterns among social relationships, theoretical explanations of these patterns have been inadequate. This paper presents a theory of the social organization of friendship ties. The approach is based upon Homans's concepts of activities, interactions, and sentiments and upon…
Social Structural Determinants of Similarity among Associates
This paper shows how the social structuring of activity leads people to develop relationships with others who are similar to themselves. Most relationships originate in foci of activity that bring together disproportionately homogeneous sets of people. The more homogeneous these sets of people are, the more relationships tend to be with similar others. A sample survey and a study offriendships in one large factory illustrate the importance of the…
Rousseau's General Will
We identify three basic elements of Rousseau's theory of the general will: (1) there is a common good; (2) citizens are not always accurate in their judgments about what is in the common good; and (3) when citizens strive to identify the common good and vote in accordance with their perceptions of it, the vote of the Assembly of the People can be taken to be the most reliable means for ascertaining the common good. We then show that Condorcet's (…
Escalation and Desistance of Wife Assault in Marriage
This article examines two widely held beliefs concerning the nature of “careers” of wife assault. Most researchers and members of the public believe that assaultive behavior in marriage, once begun, tends to continue for the life of the marriage. It is also commonly believed that minor violence (e.g., slapping, shoving, throwing things at a spouse) is unrelated to severe assaults (e.g., punching, kicking, using a weapon). These beliefs are based …
The Core and the Stability of Group Choice in Spatial Voting Games
The core of a voting game is the set of undominated outcomes, that is, those that once in place cannot be overturned. For spatial voting games, a core is structurally stable if it remains in existence even if there are small perturbations in the location of voter ideal points. While for simple majority rule a core will exist in games with more than one dimension only under extremely restrictive symmetry conditions, we show that, for certain supra…
Incumbency Advantage, Voter Loyalty and the Benefit of the Doubt
The standard Downsian model of two-party competition cannot account for the well-known fact that incumbents rarely lose elections. This paper modifies the model to take account of the tendency for voters to give the incumbent the `benefit of the doubt'; i.e. voters may vote for an incumbent even when they prefer the policies of the challenger. We show that if all of the voters give the incumbent a very small benefit of the doubt, or if only a few…
Why Your Friends Have More Friends Than You Do
It is reasonable to suppose that individuals use the number of friends that their friends have as one basis for determining whether they, themselves, have an adequate number of friends. This article shows that, if individuals compare themselves with their friends, it is likely that most of them will feel relatively inadequate. Data on friendship drawn from James Coleman's (1961) classic study The Adolescent Society are used to illustratite the ph…
Democratic Theory and the Public Interest
Bernard Grofman and Scott Feld argued in the June 1988 issue of thisReviewthat Jean-Jacques Rousseau's contributions to democratic political theory could be illuminated by invoking the theorizing of one of his eighteenth-century contemporaries, the Marquis de Condorcet, about individual and collective preferences or judgments. Grofman and Feld's claims about collective consciousness and the efficacy of the public interest provoke debate. One focu…
Ideological Consistency as a Collective Phenomenon
Researchers ordinarily consider ideological consistency to be a characteristic of individuals; groups are considered to be ideological only if they are composed of ideologically oriented individuals. We show how a group as a whole can be characterized as exhibiting an ideological basis for its preferences even though many, or even most, of its members have preferences that are inconsistent with the supposed unidimensional ideological continuum. A…
The Geometry of Majority Rule
We present some basic results concerning the spatial theory of voting in such a way that the theorems and their proofs should be accessible to a broad audience of political scientists. We do this by making the presentation essentially geometrical. We present the following results in particular: Plott's `pairwise symmetry' condition for an unbeaten point; McKelvey's `global cycling' theorem; Ferejohn, McKelvey and Packel's cardioid construction fo…
Describing Changes in Personal Networks over Time
Social ties are continuously being created and lost as well as changing their nature over time. We emphasize that network descriptions are specific to their particular definitions of ties. Then, we suggest that studies of change can focus on: (1) individual ties, or whole personal networks; and (2) whether ties are gained or lost, or change their characteristics over time. For each of four possible study types, we describe an ideal type, provide …
Comparing and Contrasting the Uses of Two Graphical Tools for Displaying Patterns of Multiparty Competition
We compare two tools for displaying, in graphical form, information about vote outcomes in multiparty elections at the constituency level. One was recently proposed by Nagayama and introduced to the English-speaking world by Reed, who applied this method to Japanese and Italian election data. Reed labels the method Nagayama diagrams. Recently, Taagepera has shown how the domain of potential uses of Nagayama diagrams can be expanded significantly.…
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for a Majority Winner in n-Dimensional Spatial Voting Games
Necessary and sufficient conditions for there to be a majority winner in n-dimensional spatial voting games are well known, but they are customarily stated in symbolic terms in a fashion which is virtually incomprehensible to those without some reasonable degree of mathematical training, and the proofs of the basic results are even less accessible to the nonmathematically sophisticated reader. We offer proofs of the key results in this area restr…
Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Cycle? Evidence from 36 Elections
We analyze 36 elections held by professional associations, unions, and non-profit organizations in England and Ireland. We show that these elections manifest a remarkably high degree of transitivity, with a Condorcet (majority) winner always found. Moreover, ordering alternatives according to their Borda score provides a transitive majority ordering in nearly all instances
When a man hits a woman
We use experimental data from a nationally representative sample to examine whether gender and the victim's relationship to the offender affect attitudes about the seriousness of the offense and whether the offense should be reported to the police. We find that respondents are particularly likely to condemn men's assaults on women, and to favor reporting them. The pattern appears to reflect both greater moral condemnation of men's assaults on wom…
Centripetal forces in spatial voting
Patterns of Sociometric Choices
Social psychologists have consistently found that people choose friends offriends as their own friends more often than would be expected in random networks. However, most attempts to explain these findings have been based upon cognitive balance theory, and have paid little attention to other causes of clusters andlor individual variations in numbers of relations. This paper specifically shows how inequality of popularity among individuals implies…
The Laakso-Taagepera Index in A Mean and Variance Framework
The Laakso-Taagepera index (Laakso and Taagepera, 1979) has become the most commonly used measure to specify the ‘effective’number of political parties in a party system where parties vary substantially in their vote and/or seat shares. It is well known that the Laakso-Taagepera index is the inverse of the even more widely used Herfindahl-Hirschman index of concentration (Hirschman, 1945; Herfindahl, 1950; cf. Taagepera and Grofman, 1981). Drawin…
The R 2 = .93
Proving a distribution-free generalization of the Condorcet Jury Theorem
Finagle's Law and the Finagle Point, a New Solution Concept for Two-Candidate Competition in Spatial Voting Games Without a Core
We investigate the geometry underlying Finagle's Law, which states, No matter what happens, you can come out ahead if you just know how to finagle, and we introduce a new solution concept for two-candidate sequential spatial voting games, the point. The finagle radius is the radius of a circle such that if a candidate locates at its center, some alternative in the circle can beat any alternative in the space. The finagle point is the point with m…
Research note Partial single-peakedness
The accuracy of group majority decisions in groups with added members
The Structured Use of Personal Associates
Journal Article The Structured Use of Personal Associates Get access Scott L. Feld Scott L. Feld State University of New YorkStony Brook Address correspondence to the author, Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 62, Issue 3, March 1984, Pages 640–652, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/62.3.640 Published: …
Collectivities as Actors
This article concerns the nature of "collective" preferences, when preferences inhere only in individuals. Economists (e.g., Arrow) have concluded that there is no reasonable way to combine individual preferences. Nevertheless, sociologists routinely treat collectivities (e.g., small groups, organizations, social classes, or ethnic groups) as entities with consistent preferences. This article suggests that consistency of collective choices arises…
The Rationality of Social Action
A reconceptualization of the problem of collective decisions
Exchange theory has recently assumed an important place in sociological theory. However, exchange theory takes as its problem how resources are distributed among actors, and does not consider the allocation of resources towards producing different outcomes of events. This paper defines the problem of collective decisions as how a collectivity uses its resources to produce outcomes as a result of exchange and allocation. A model is presented that …
The Focused Organization of Social Ties
Sociologists since Simmel have been interseted in social circles as essential features of friendship networks. Although network analysis has been increasingly used to uncover patterns among social relationships, theoretical explanations of these patterns have been inadequate. This paper presents a theory of the social organization of friendship ties. The approach is based upon Homans's concepts of activities, interactions, and sentiments and upon…
Average Competence, Variability in Individual Competence, and Accuracy of Statistically Pooled Group Decisions
We correct propositions advanced by Sattler in 1966 on the accuracy of group judgments as a function of the mean competence and distribution of competence of group members. We provide the special distributions which, for fixed total group competence, minimize/maximize group majority rule accuracy. We also show how group majority competence can be above/below that of group mean competence
Processes Underlying Patterns of Sociometric Choice
Communication Networks
The purpose of this book is to present what is currently known about communication networks and to illustrate methods of network analysis. The 1st chapter describes a communication network in a small village of Korea Oryu Li in which basic principles are applied to collectively make decisions about family planning. The following chapter discusses the convergence model of communication and network analysis in regard to its theoretical roots its co…
Patterns of Sociometric Choices
Social psychologists have consistently found that people choose friends offriends as their own friends more often than would be expected in random networks. However, most attempts to explain these findings have been based upon cognitive balance theory, and have paid little attention to other causes of clusters andlor individual variations in numbers of relations. This paper specifically shows how inequality of popularity among individuals implies…
Social Structural Determinants of Similarity among Associates
This paper shows how the social structuring of activity leads people to develop relationships with others who are similar to themselves. Most relationships originate in foci of activity that bring together disproportionately homogeneous sets of people. The more homogeneous these sets of people are, the more relationships tend to be with similar others. A sample survey and a study offriendships in one large factory illustrate the importance of the…
Thirteen theorems in search of the truth
Determinants of Decisions to Take Sociology Courses
Sociology classes on their decisions to take subsequent sociology courses. Analysis of questionnaires completed by 366 students in six Introductory Sociology classes indicates that students who evaluated their courses highly tended to report that they were likely to take additional sociology courses. Analysis of mean course evaluations of 23 classes with a total of 1919 students indicates that introductory classes that received high evaluations h…
The accuracy of group majority decisions in groups with added members
Elections and Decisions
Journal Article Elections and Decisions: Negotiation by School Budget Referendum Get access Scott L. Feld, Scott L. Feld State University of New York at Stony Brook Address correspondence to Scott L. Feld, Department of Sociology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Joel I. Grossman Joel I. Grossman State University of New York at Stony Brook Search for othe…
The Structured Use of Personal Associates
Journal Article The Structured Use of Personal Associates Get access Scott L. Feld Scott L. Feld State University of New YorkStony Brook Address correspondence to the author, Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 62, Issue 3, March 1984, Pages 640–652, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/62.3.640 Published: …
Research note Partial single-peakedness
On the Possibility of Faithfully Representative Committees
By faithful representation we mean the delegation of decision making to a relatively small committee that, using a weighted voting rule, will for each pair of alternatives make sincere choices identical to those that would be made by the society as a whole, and with the same vote margins. We show that for any society, no matter how large, faithful representation is possible by a committee with no more than m(m − 1)/2 members, where m is the numbe…
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for a Majority Winner in n-Dimensional Spatial Voting Games
Necessary and sufficient conditions for there to be a majority winner in n-dimensional spatial voting games are well known, but they are customarily stated in symbolic terms in a fashion which is virtually incomprehensible to those without some reasonable degree of mathematical training, and the proofs of the basic results are even less accessible to the nonmathematically sophisticated reader. We offer proofs of the key results in this area restr…
Choices
Centripetal forces in spatial voting
Majority rule outcomes and the structure of debate in one-issue-at-a-time decision-making
The Borda count in n-dimensional issue space
Ideological Consistency as a Collective Phenomenon
Researchers ordinarily consider ideological consistency to be a characteristic of individuals; groups are considered to be ideological only if they are composed of ideologically oriented individuals. We show how a group as a whole can be characterized as exhibiting an ideological basis for its preferences even though many, or even most, of its members have preferences that are inconsistent with the supposed unidimensional ideological continuum. A…
The Core and the Stability of Group Choice in Spatial Voting Games
The core of a voting game is the set of undominated outcomes, that is, those that once in place cannot be overturned. For spatial voting games, a core is structurally stable if it remains in existence even if there are small perturbations in the location of voter ideal points. While for simple majority rule a core will exist in games with more than one dimension only under extremely restrictive symmetry conditions, we show that, for certain supra…
Rousseau's General Will
We identify three basic elements of Rousseau's theory of the general will: (1) there is a common good; (2) citizens are not always accurate in their judgments about what is in the common good; and (3) when citizens strive to identify the common good and vote in accordance with their perceptions of it, the vote of the Assembly of the People can be taken to be the most reliable means for ascertaining the common good. We then show that Condorcet's (…
Proving a distribution-free generalization of the Condorcet Jury Theorem
Escalation and Desistance of Wife Assault in Marriage
This article examines two widely held beliefs concerning the nature of “careers” of wife assault. Most researchers and members of the public believe that assaultive behavior in marriage, once begun, tends to continue for the life of the marriage. It is also commonly believed that minor violence (e.g., slapping, shoving, throwing things at a spouse) is unrelated to severe assaults (e.g., punching, kicking, using a weapon). These beliefs are based …
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