Kit Y Chan
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 364067 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Kit Y Chan |
| PRENOMES | Kit Y |
| SOBRENOME | Chan |
| ASSINATURA | CHAN K Y |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Edinburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3465-8383 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 22 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2003 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Setting research priorities for global pandemic preparedness
Background: In this priority-setting exercise, we sought to identify leading research priorities needed for strengthening future pandemic preparedness and response across countries. Methods: The International Society of Global Health (ISoGH) used the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method to identify research priorities for future pandemic preparedness. Eighty experts in global health, translational and clinical research id…
Bridging the gap
Background: Migration and health are increasingly recognised as a global public health priority, but concerns have been raised on the skewed nature of current research and the potential disconnect between health needs and policy and governance responses. The Migration Health South Asia (MiHSA) network led the first systematic research priority-setting exercise for India, aligned with the global call to develop a clearly defined migration health r…
Play-based parent training programme supporting Hong Kong kindergarten children in social competence development
It is vital to foster children’s ability to cooperate with others, communicate effectively, and exercise self-control. These competencies represent a set of transferrable skills required in many aspects of daily life and along any career path. In Hong Kong, a play-based training programme was launched to support parents to target these areas of social competence. The programme taught 414 parents to use group games that foster social skills develo…
Research priorities to reduce the impact of Covid-19 in low- and middle-income countries
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to the functioning of societies and their health systems. Prior to the pandemic, health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) were particularly stretched and vulnerable. The International Society of Global Health (ISoGH) sought to systematically identify priorities for health research that would have the potential to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs. Methods:…
A Longitudinal Investigation into the Chinese Language Development of Non-Chinese Speaking Preschoolers in Hong Kong
Learning Chinese as a second language is challenging for non-Chinese speaking population in Hong Kong. In order to facilitate the Chinese learning of this group of people, understanding their trajectory of Chinese language development is crucial. The present longitudinal study follows 88 non-Chinese speaking preschoolers in 4 time points, from their K1 to K3, in order to have a grasp of their Chinese language development in three key aspects, nam…
Using evidence, expert opinion and epidemiological model to understand pathways to survival and mortality
BACKGROUND: The reasons why episodes of illness can lead to fatal outcomes in affected persons in low resource settings are numerous and complex. A tool that allows policy makers to better understand those complexities could be useful to improve success of programmes that are implemented globally to reduce mortality. METHODS: We developed a "Pathways to Survival" (PATHS) tool: an epidemiological model using decision trees, available evidence and …
Construction of an area-deprivation index for 2869 counties in China
Background A paucity of data has made it challenging to construct a deprivation index at the lowest administrative, or county, level in China. An index is required to guide health equity monitoring and resource allocation to regions of greatest need. This study used China’s 2010 census data to construct a county-level area-deprivation index (CADI). Methods Data for 2869 counties from China’s 2010 census were used to generate a CADI. Eleven indica…
The continuum of care for dementia
y the end of 2017, the population of China aged 65 and older has grown to 158 million, accounting for 11.4% of the total population [1]. Since age increases the risk of dementia, the increasing ageing population in China will contribute to a rise in the number of people with Alzheimer disease (AD) and other forms of dementia. The prevalence of dementia in China has thus increased considerably from the 1980s to 2010s
Setting weights for fifteen CHNRI criteria at the global and regional level using public stakeholders
INTRODUCTION: Stakeholder involvement has been described as an indispensable part of health research priority setting. Yet, more than 75% of the exercises using the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methodology have omitted the step involving stakeholders in priority setting. Those that have used stakeholders have rarely used the public, possibly due to the difficulty of assembling and/or accessing a public stakeholder group.…
Tackling dementia globally
ementia is a costly neurodegenerative disease that affects 47 million people worldwide. This figure is predicted to rise to 75 million by 2030 and 132 million by 2050 Currently, the majority of people (approximately 63%) living with dementia are in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and due to their large rapidly ageing populations, this number is going to continue to grow. For example, the Global Health Epidemiology Reference Group (GHERG) …
Exploring individual and demographic characteristics and their relation to CHNRI Criteria from an international public stakeholder group
INTRODUCTION: The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method for health research prioritisation relies on stakeholders weighting criteria used to assess research options. These weights in turn impact on the final scores and ranks assigned to research options. Three quarters of CHNRI studies published to date have not involved stakeholders in criteria weighting. Of those that have, few incorporated members of the public into sta…
Beijing's diagnosis-related group payment reform pilot
Setting research priorities to achieve long-term health targets in Iran
BACKGROUND: In 2015, it was estimated that the burden of disease in Iran comprised of 19 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), 74% of which were due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The observed leading causes of death were cardiovascular diseases (41.9%), neoplasms (14.9%), and road traffic injuries (7.4%). Even so, the health research investment in Iran continues to remain limited. This study aims to identify national health resea…
Global and regional child deaths due to injuries
BACKGROUND: Injuries result in substantial number of deaths among children globally. The burden across many settings is largely unknown. We estimated global and regional child deaths due to injuries from publicly available evidence. METHODS: We searched for community-based studies and nationally representative data reporting on child injury deaths published after year 1990 from CINAHL, EMBASE, IndMed, LILACS, Global Health, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and W…
Identifying potential uses of crowdsourcing in global health, conflict, and humanitarian settings
BACKGROUND: Crowdsourcing, outsourcing problems and tasks to a crowd, has grown exponentially since the term was coined a decade ago. Being a rapid and inexpensive approach, it is particularly amenable to addressing problems in global health, conflict and humanitarian settings, but its potential has not been systematically assessed. We employed the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative's (CHNRI) method to generate a ranked list of potent…
Setting health research priorities using the CHNRI method
BACKGROUND: Several recent reviews of the methods used to set research priorities have identified the CHNRI method (acronym derived from the "Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative") as an approach that clearly became popular and widely used over the past decade. In this paper we review the first 50 examples of application of the CHNRI method, published between 2007 and 2016, and summarize the most important messages that emerged from tho…
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China in 1990 and 2010
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is set to become the third most frequent cause of death and also the third largest cause of global morbidity by 2020. In China, where the population is aging rapidly, COPD has become one of the leading causes of disability and a large economic burden. An epidemiological assessment of the COPD in China is required, with a focus on the number of cases living with disease, main determinants of…
National and subnational prevalence and burden of glaucoma in China
BACKGROUND: Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness, affects approximately 64.3 million individuals worldwide. In China, demographic ageing is in rapid progress. Yet detailed and up-to-date estimates of the scale of glaucoma are rare. We aimed to quantify and understand the prevalence and burden of glaucoma in China from 1990 to 2015, with projections until 2050. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched China Nat…
Biodiversity, drug discovery, and the future of global health
ooking to nature for medicine is nothing new -we have been doing it for tens of thousands of years and although modern pharmaceutical science has come a long way from those ancient roots, nature is and will always be an important source of useful compounds and inspiration. Dismissing nature in this regard is a huge mistake as evolution is the greatest problem solver and the myriad compounds produced by the immense variety of species we share the …
The national and subnational prevalence and burden of age–related macular degeneration in China
BACKGROUND: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third most common cause of blindness, and the fourth leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, but little is known about the burden of this disease in the most populous country-China. This study provides the first comprehensive estimates of the prevalence and burden of AMD in China from 1990 to 2015, with projections till 2050. METHODS: In this study, a systematic review and meta-analy…
Setting health research priorities using the CHNRI method
etting health research priorities is a complex and value-driven process. The introduction of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method has made the process of setting research priorities more transparent and inclusive, but much of the process remains in the hands of funders and researchers, as described in the previous two papers in this series However, the value systems of numerous other important stakeholders, particular…
Setting health research priorities using the CHNRI method
INTRODUCTION: Crowdsourcing has become an increasingly important tool to address many problems - from government elections in democracies, stock market prices, to modern online tools such as TripAdvisor or Internet Movie Database (IMDB). The CHNRI method (the acronym for the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative) for setting health research priorities has crowdsourcing as the major component, which it uses to generate, assess and priorit…
Setting health research priorities using the CHNRI method
Large groups of researchers who agree to offer their research ideas and then score them against pre–defined criteria are at the heart of each CHNRI priority–setting exercise. Although the roles of funders and other stakeholders are also very important, much of the exercise is focused on selecting and engaging a large group of researchers, obtaining their input and analysing it to derive the initial results of the process. In a sense, a CHNRI exer…
Setting health research priorities using the CHNRI method
In 2007 and 2008, the World Health Organization's Department for Child and Adolescent Health and Development commissioned five large research priority setting exercises using the CHNRI (Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative) method. The aim was to define research priorities related to the five major causes of child deaths for the period up to the year 2015. The selected causes were childhood pneumonia, diarrhoea, birth asphyxia, neonatal…
Assessing global, regional, national and sub–national capacity for public health research
BACKGROUND: The past two decades have seen a large increase in investment in global public health research. There is a need for increased coordination and accountability, particularly in understanding where funding is being allocated and who has capacity to perform research. In this paper, we aim to assess global, regional, national and sub-national capacity for public health research and how it is changing over time in different parts of the wor…
He hath the French pox
Goods and resources are finite, and social forces heavily pattern their distribution. One of the principal mechanisms for shaping the distribution of resources is by regulating entitlement to community membership itself. By restricting groups' membership of community, so access to social goods and resources diminishes, which in turn has a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of the excluded groups. It is argued here that community membersh…
Beijing's diagnosis-related group payment reform pilot
Typhoid Mary" and "HIV Jane
The construction of disease risks as knowable, calculable and preventable in dominant social science and public health discourses has fostered a certain kind of logic about individual risk and the responsibility for infection. Disease control measures that have developed out of this logic typically fail to recognise the socio-structural roots of many high-risk behaviours that are linked to the spread of infection. Instead, they hold the disease c…
Construction of an area-deprivation index for 2869 counties in China
Background A paucity of data has made it challenging to construct a deprivation index at the lowest administrative, or county, level in China. An index is required to guide health equity monitoring and resource allocation to regions of greatest need. This study used China’s 2010 census data to construct a county-level area-deprivation index (CADI). Methods Data for 2869 counties from China’s 2010 census were used to generate a CADI. Eleven indica…
Typhoid Mary" and "HIV Jane
The construction of disease risks as knowable, calculable and preventable in dominant social science and public health discourses has fostered a certain kind of logic about individual risk and the responsibility for infection. Disease control measures that have developed out of this logic typically fail to recognise the socio-structural roots of many high-risk behaviours that are linked to the spread of infection. Instead, they hold the disease c…
Institutional and structural forms of HIV-related discrimination in health care
This paper presents key findings of a situational analysis of institutional and structural levels of HIV/AIDS-related discrimination in Beijing, China, with a focus on the area of health care. Initially slow to respond to the presence of HIV, China has altered its approach and enacted strict legislative protection for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). In order to determine whether this has altered discrimination against PLWHA, this study exami…
Future research on structural and institutional forms of HIV discrimination
There is scant research into HIV discrimination, particularly structural and institutional forms of it. This appears, in part, to arise from a prevailing view that the solutions to HIV discrimination are known a priori and in the absence of additional data. The six country studies into HIV discrimination presented in this AIDS Care supplement suggest that this is not the case. There needs to be an acceptance that if the issue of HIV discriminatio…
HIV discrimination
The findings of the six independent studies on institutional forms of HIV discrimination in the Asia Pacific presented in this Special Issue of AIDS Care are integrated. At first glance, the general pattern of the results across the study sites suggests that discrimination is most pertinent in the domain of 'practice' rather than in the domains of law or institutional policy. On closer analysis, however, utilising the qualitative data, this concl…
An Asia Pacific six-country study on HIV-related discrimination
This paper outlines a six-country study of institutionalised forms of HIV/AIDS-related discrimination in the Asia-Pacific region. Although recognised as a barrier to disease prevention and treatment, very limited data are available on the effects of institutionalised HIV-related stigma and discrimination. Understanding the forms of discrimination within the institutions where they occur is the first step to identifying effective ways of promoting…
Methodological considerations in the measurement of institutional and structural forms of HIV discrimination
The systematic measurement of HIV/AIDS-related discrimination is imperative within the current rhetoric that holds discrimination as one of the two 'biggest' barriers to HIV/AIDS pandemic intervention. This paper provides a methodological critique of the UNAIDS (2000b) Protocol for the Identification of Discrimination against People Living with HIV (the Protocol). Specifically, the paper focuses on the Protocol's capacity to accurately identify a…
A method for the quantitative analysis of the layering of HIV-related stigma
HIV-related stigma is regarded as one of the major barriers in the development of effective prevention and care programs; but the stigma associated with HIV stigma is not a singular entity. The stigma of the infection is layered with other stigmas, such as those associated with the routes of transmission (e.g., sex work and injecting drug use) and personal characteristics (e.g., race, religion, ethnicity and gender). In developing programs and po…
He hath the French pox
Goods and resources are finite, and social forces heavily pattern their distribution. One of the principal mechanisms for shaping the distribution of resources is by regulating entitlement to community membership itself. By restricting groups' membership of community, so access to social goods and resources diminishes, which in turn has a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of the excluded groups. It is argued here that community membersh…
Disentangling the stigma of HIV/Aids from the stigmas of drugs use, commercial sex and commercial blood donation – a factorial survey of medical students in China
The findings pose several surprising challenges to conventional beliefs about HIV/AIDS related stigma and stigma interventions that have focused exclusively on the disease stigma. Contrary to the belief that having a co-stigma would add to the intensity of stigma attached to people with HIV/AIDS, the findings indicate the presence of an illness might have a moderating effect on the stigma of certain co-characteristics like IDU. The strong interde…
Stigmatization of Aids Patients
Setting Priorities in Global Child Health Research Investments
This article provides detailed guidelines for the implementation of systematic method for setting priorities in health research investments that was recently developed by Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI). The target audience for the proposed method are international agencies, large research funding donors, and national governments and policy-makers. The process has the following steps: (i) selecting the managers of the proce…
Othering’ tactics and treatments of patients with HIV/Aids
Despite efforts to tighten the code of professional ethics amongst health workers by the Thai authorities, recent studies have shown that discrimination towards HIV-positive patients persists amongst nurses, thus compromising the quality of patient care. Using a framework of ‘Othering’, this paper examines the constructions of professional ethics and duties by a group of Thai nurses, with the aim of identifying problems with the existing approach…
Aids and the stigma of sexual promiscuity
This paper examines the culturally shaped meanings of AIDS and perceptions of accidental occupational exposure to HIV among a group of twenty nurses in Bangkok, Thailand. The findings are based on data collected as a part of a larger mixed-methods study that examined how perceptions of risk behaviours (including sexual promiscuity) shape health workers' perceptions of patients living with HIV/AIDS. The perceived certainty of social ostracism was …
An estimate of the prevalence of dementia in Africa
BACKGROUND: The burden of non-communicable diseases is growing, particularly in developing countries. The greatest economic burden is due to dementia, the prevalence of which is rising with increasing longevity. In Africa, where the rate of increase of elderly persons is the fastest in the world, dementia is normally dismissed as a part of normal ageing. The lack of awareness means that many patients are suffering undiagnosed. This review aims to…
Estimating the burden of rheumatoid arthritis in Africa
BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has an estimated worldwide prevalence of 1%. It is one of the leading causes of chronic morbidity in the developed world, but little is known about the disease burden in Africa. RA is often seen as a minor health problem and has been neglected in research and resource allocation throughout Africa despite potentially fatal systemic manifestations. This review aims to identify all relevant epidemiological liter…
An estimate of the prevalence of epilepsy in Sub–Saharan Africa
BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a leading serious neurological condition worldwide and has particularly significant physical, economic and social consequences in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of epilepsy prevalence in this region and how this varies by age and sex so as to inform understanding of the disease characteristics as well as the development of infrastructure, services and policies. METHODS: A parallel sy…
Setting research priorities to reduce global mortality from preterm birth and low birth weight by 2015
Setting priorities for development of emerging interventions against childhood pneumonia, meningitis and influenza
A cute lower respiratory infections, which broadly include pneumonia and bronchiolitis, are still the leading cause of childhood mortality. ALRI contributed to 18% of all deaths in children younger than five years of age in 2008 [1], and the main pathogens responsible for high mortality were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and respiratory syncytial virus [2-4]. In addition, meningitis was estimated to contribute up to 200 000 dea…
Urbanization and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Southern Asia
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases considered to be the main constituents of the global non-communicable disease (NCD) pandemic. Despite the large impact that NCDs are predicted to have, particularly in developing countries, estimates of disease burden are sparse and inconsistent. This systematic review transparently estimates prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Southern Asia, its association with urbanization and provides…
Assembling GHERG
In recent months, the World Health Organization (WHO), independent academic researchers, the Lancet and PLoS Medicine journals worked together to improve reporting of population health estimates. The new guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting (likely to be named GATHER), which are eagerly awaited, represent a helpful move that should benefit the field of global health metrics. Building on this progress and drawing from…
Global and regional estimates of COPD prevalence
BACKGROUND: The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) across many world regions is high. We aim to estimate COPD prevalence and number of disease cases for the years 1990 and 2010 across world regions based on the best available evidence in publicly accessible scientific databases. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE and Global Health for original, population-based studies providing spirometry-based preva…
Assembling GHERG
apid development of information technologies in the past two decades has brought about major improvements in the generation, sharing and analysis of information on the health status of the entire human population. This has facilitated the development of the field of "Global Health Metrics", which has its champions in World Health Organization's Mortality and Burden of Disease Unit and University of Washington' s Institute for Health Metrics and E…
Setting health research priorities using the CHNRI method
etting health research priorities is a complex and value-driven process. The introduction of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method has made the process of setting research priorities more transparent and inclusive, but much of the process remains in the hands of funders and researchers, as described in the previous two papers in this series However, the value systems of numerous other important stakeholders, particular…
Setting health research priorities using the CHNRI method
INTRODUCTION: Crowdsourcing has become an increasingly important tool to address many problems - from government elections in democracies, stock market prices, to modern online tools such as TripAdvisor or Internet Movie Database (IMDB). The CHNRI method (the acronym for the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative) for setting health research priorities has crowdsourcing as the major component, which it uses to generate, assess and priorit…
Setting health research priorities using the CHNRI method
Large groups of researchers who agree to offer their research ideas and then score them against pre–defined criteria are at the heart of each CHNRI priority–setting exercise. Although the roles of funders and other stakeholders are also very important, much of the exercise is focused on selecting and engaging a large group of researchers, obtaining their input and analysing it to derive the initial results of the process. In a sense, a CHNRI exer…
Medicine (46 obras) · Political science (25 obras) · Environmental health (18 obras) · MEDLINE (17 obras) · Psychology (17 obras) · Public health (14 obras) · Population (13 obras) · Demography (12 obras) · Disease (12 obras) · Nursing (12 obras)