Fraser Hunter
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3642805 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Fraser Hunter |
| PRENOMES | Fraser |
| SOBRENOME | Hunter |
| ASSINATURA | HUNTER F |
| AFILIAÇÕES | National Museums Scotland |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 55 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 56 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 55 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1994 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Scotland
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Scotland
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Scotland
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Iain Ferris, Visions of the Roman North
Glass Bangles in the British Isles
Glass bangles are found in southern England and Wales from the mid-first century ad and become common in the north of England and southern Scotland in the late first century, before their numbers decline a century later. British bangles develop at a time of change, as Roman glassmaking practices were introduced across large areas of Britain, and as blown, transparent, colourless and naturally-coloured glassware became increasingly popular. In man…
Scotland
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Euan W. MacKie (10 February 1936–2 November 2020)
Unusual Roman Iron Age burials on the Links of Pierowall, Westray, Orkney
Antiquarian accounts and surviving finds allow two Iron Age cist-burials found in the late 18th century on the Links of Pierowall on Westray, Orkney, to be reconstructed, although no details of the bodies survive (but both were most probably inhumations); the unusual finds have not previously received full attention. One burial contained a polished stone disc, used as a palette for grinding some valued substance, probably cosmetic, medical or nar…
Scotland
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Torwood Broch
This paper presents the first modern account of Torwood’s artefact assemblage and the most accurate survey of the site to date. These are combined with the results of a small-scale excavation on a newly discovered outer rampart and the publication for the first time of a reused concentric ring-marked stone and a carved face. In turn, these are combined with the results of a broader reassessment of the late prehistoric settlement in the Forth Vall…
Roger Mercer, Native and Roman on the Northern Frontier
Context for a carnyx
Excavations at the findspot of the Deskford carnyx, a major piece of Iron Age decorated metalwork found in a bog in the early nineteenth century, revealed a special location with a long history. Early Neolithic activity on the adjacent ridge consisted of massive postholes and pits, suggesting a ceremonial site. An Early Bronze Age cremation became the focus for a feasting event in the Middle Bronze Age. Around this time, peat began to form in the…
Material Worlds
This chapter considers material culture themes beyond any single region or country in order to look at recurring problems and possibilities across the European Iron Age. Often these are analogies (such as problems of taphonomic bias) rather than direct linkages, but large-scale issues in European prehistory are also considered, such as the development, selective adoption, and adaptation of new technologies, linkages to the Mediterranean world, an…
The Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age
The Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age presents to students, scholars, and interested general readers a broad overview of current understanding of the archaeology of Europe from 1000 bc to the early historic period. During this period, new technologies, agricultural innovation, and demographic growth saw much of the landscape opened up to near modern limits, accompanied in many areas by greater social and economic complexity. Three introduc…
A Study of the Deposition and Distribution of Copper Alloy Vessels in Roman Britain, by Jason Lundock
A modern overview of Roman bronze vessels in Britain is long overdue. In the fifty years since the last survey (H. J. Eggers, Romische Bronzegefase in Britannien, Jahrbuch des Romisch-Germanischen
Tracing Troops
A silver belt-fitting from Cramond in the shape of a ring-pommel sword is linked to a class of beneficiarius equipment typical of Germania Superior. It is argued that this represents troop movements connected with the Severan campaigns
Gods and monsters in Roman Scotland
Recent finds of copper alloy and lead figural sculpture from Roman Scotland are presented and discussed. These are rare finds in this frontier area, and represent a significant addition to a small corpus. Discussion considers whether such finds offer clues to the location of shrines or other sacred places in the wider landscape, a question that has largely been ignored in research to date. The rarity of such finds among the Roman imports on Iron …
An Iron Age burial with weapons, on a site with evidence of medieval and post-medieval occupation from Dunbar, East Lothian
In September and October 2005, an archaeological excavation was undertaken on the site of the former Empire Cinema on Dunbar High Street. In addition to late medieval and post-medieval remains, a cist grave of pre-Roman or Roman Iron Age date was excavated and recorded. Two adult males occupied the cist grave, one of whom was equipped with a sword and a spear, representing a rare example of an Iron Age burial with weapons in Scotland. Partial ske…
The excavation of two short cist burials at Broomlands, Kelso
Two stone-built short cists were excavated in Broomlands, Kelso, by AOC Archaeology Group under the Historic Scotland Call-off Contract for Human Remains. A single poorly preserved adult inhumation was recovered from one cist, along with a small intrusive disc-shaped perforated oil shale object. The inhumation was dated to 2340–2120 cal BC. The second cist contained heavily damaged and fragmentary unburnt bones from two adults. Radiocarbon dates …
Beyond Hadrian’s Wall
Britannia’s northern frontier varied considerably over the Roman period, stabilizing only in the early third century. This variation leads to a fascinating archaeological record of the changing Roman military presence and its relation to the local population. This chapter examines the local Iron Age societies, considers military aspects of the invasion, and presents a wider view of life on the frontier. It then turns to the relationship between t…
Art in Context
Pictish Byre-houses at Pitcarmick and their landscape
‘Pitcarmick-type’ houses were identified by the Royal Commission in north east Perthshire in 1988 and published in their survey of 1990. Long and narrow with rounded ends, they seemed to occur in a sequence between prehistoric roundhouses and medieval and post-medieval dwellings. They were therefore provisionally assigned to the later 1st millennium AD, a period associated in this region with the Picts. Excavations by John Barrett and Jane Downes…
The Jet Bangle from Toftanes
Caledonia
Today Caledonia is synonymous with Scotland, but it was a much more varied concept in antiquity, with a complex relationship to Rome.
Picts. Scourge of Rome, rulers of the north
The Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age
The Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age presents to students, scholars, and interested general readers a broad overview of current understanding of the archaeology of Europe from 1000 bc to the early historic period. During this period, new technologies, agricultural innovation, and demographic growth saw much of the landscape opened up to near modern limits, accompanied in many areas by greater social and economic complexity. Three introduc…
A 5th Century bc Iron Age Chariot Burial from Newbridge, Edinburgh
The remains of the first Iron Age chariot burial in Britain outside Yorkshire were discovered during the winter of 2000–1, near the Bronze Age burial mound of Huly Hill, at Newbridge, Edinburgh. Excavated by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd with the assistance of the National Museums Scotland, the chariot proved unique beyond just its burial location. The Newbridge chariot was buried intact, a method consistent with the burial practices of Continent…
The Carnyx in Iron Age Europe
This paper reviews the evidence for the carnyx, the Iron Age animal-headed horn, in its European setting. The starting point is the head from Deskford, north-east Scotland: the results of recent work are described and a revised dating proposed. Excavations at the findspot strongly indicate it was a votive deposit. The nature of the wider European evidence and its biases are reviewed, to provide a firmer basis for commenting on the date and distri…
Refining Chronological Resolution in Iron Age Scotland
Excavations were carried out at the crannog known as Dorman's Island, Whitefield Loch in Wigtownshire, SW Scotland as part of the Scottish Wetland Archaeology Programme. Although limited in extent, the excavation has uncovered dating evidence for multiple phases of construction and use of the crannog, including secondary activity in the post-medieval period, with finds including a range of coarse stone tools as well as fragments of glass bracelet…
New light on Iron Age massive armlets
Four unpublished armlets of the Later Iron Age `massive' tradition are described and discussed. Two are late-twentieth-century finds, a third being an antiquarian discovery to which a Fetlar (Shetland) provenance can be restored; this casts light on the intellectual networks of the late-eighteenth century, as well as being the first find of early Celtic art from the islands. A further armlet previously provenanced only to the Glamis area can be l…
Excavation of an Iron Age, Early Historic and medieval settlement and metalworking site at Eilean Olabhat, North Uist
The promontory site of Eilean Olabhat, North Uist was excavated between 1986 and 1990 as part ofthe Loch Olabhat Research Project. It was shown to be a complex enclosed settlement and industrialsite with several distinct episodes of occupation. The earliest remains comprise a small Iron Agebuilding dating to the middle centuries of the first millennium BC, which was modified on severaloccasions prior to its abandonment. Much later, the Early Hist…
Roman and native in Scotland
Roman-native relationships have been an active topic of debate for many years, and interest shows no signs of abating. However, in the three decades since the last major survey of the Scottish data (Robertson 1970) there has been a substantial increase in the data-set, and it should now be possible to develop more complex and robust interpretations. The aim here is not to present a detailed new corpus of Roman material from non-Roman sites, altho…
Glass Bangles in the British Isles
Glass bangles are found in southern England and Wales from the mid-first century ad and become common in the north of England and southern Scotland in the late first century, before their numbers decline a century later. British bangles develop at a time of change, as Roman glassmaking practices were introduced across large areas of Britain, and as blown, transparent, colourless and naturally-coloured glassware became increasingly popular. In man…
Context for a carnyx
Excavations at the findspot of the Deskford carnyx, a major piece of Iron Age decorated metalwork found in a bog in the early nineteenth century, revealed a special location with a long history. Early Neolithic activity on the adjacent ridge consisted of massive postholes and pits, suggesting a ceremonial site. An Early Bronze Age cremation became the focus for a feasting event in the Middle Bronze Age. Around this time, peat began to form in the…
New aspects of rotary querns in Scotland
This paper discusses aspects of Scottish rotary quern use which have received little attention in thepast, such as handling systems (particularly horizontal slot-handled querns), decoration and anunrecognised class of miniature examples. The growing corpus of rotary querns is starting to revealregional patternings and concentrations of particular decorative styles. This ongoing investigationsuggests that the picture is more complex than previousl…
Jet and Related Materials in Viking Scotland
Viking jewellery of polished black stone is too readily labelled as jet, implying E-coast contacts to North Yorkshire. Analysis of Scottish material (predominantly bangles) shows that here jet was rarely used. Instead a range of more readily available materials, primarily lignite and cannel coal, was favoured. These suggest contacts to Sutherland and down the western seaways to the Firth of Clyde and perhaps Ireland. The ornamental habit itself w…
Excavation of an Early Bronze Age cemetery and other sites a the West Water Reservoir, West Linton, Scottish Borders
An Early Bronze Age flat cist cemetery was excavated after it was exposed by reservoir erosion. Nine surviving cists were found, containing a mixture of inhumations and cremations. Grave goods included food vessels and a unique cannel coal and lead necklace. Where skeletal remains survived, most of the deceased were sub-adult or young adults. Evidence of floral tributes was found in three burials. A number of other features, one containing Beaker…
An Iron Age burial with weapons, on a site with evidence of medieval and post-medieval occupation from Dunbar, East Lothian
In September and October 2005, an archaeological excavation was undertaken on the site of the former Empire Cinema on Dunbar High Street. In addition to late medieval and post-medieval remains, a cist grave of pre-Roman or Roman Iron Age date was excavated and recorded. Two adult males occupied the cist grave, one of whom was equipped with a sword and a spear, representing a rare example of an Iron Age burial with weapons in Scotland. Partial ske…
Auldhill, Portencross
Auldhill, on the Ayrshire coast of the Firth of Clyde, is a site with a very long history. Excavations were conducted there for a total of ten weeks in 1987, 1988 and 1989, and seven main phases were recognized, as follows: I the timber-framed fort occupied in the first millennium B.c.;II the iron age or early historic dun;III the timber castle of the twelfth-thirteenth centuries;IV the stone castle of the late thirteenth century;V the hall of th…
Early Bronze Age lead - a unique necklace from southeast Scotland
Excavation of an Early Bronze Age cist cemetery at West Water Reservoir, Peeblesshire, has uncovered a unique two-strand necklace, with one string of cannel coal disc beads and another of lead beads, buried around the neck of a young child. This is the earliest evidence for the use of metallic lead in Britain and Ireland
Four decorated antler mounts and a stone 'egg' amulet from Bu Sands, Burray, Orkney
Four decorated antler mounts found at Bu Sands in 1990 are described. Relevant parallels are studied, from which a Roman or early Anglo--Saxon date is proposed, with manufacture in southern Britain. Consideration of the evidence for Orcadian contacts at this time suggests a late Roman date is most likely and that the mounts ornamented a box which arrived in Orkney as a prestige gift in the third or fourth century AD. An Appendix (331--3) describe…
Early Bronze Age lead - a unique necklace from southeast Scotland
Excavation of an Early Bronze Age cist cemetery at West Water Reservoir, Peeblesshire, has uncovered a unique two-strand necklace, with one string of cannel coal disc beads and another of lead beads, buried around the neck of a young child. This is the earliest evidence for the use of metallic lead in Britain and Ireland
Auldhill, Portencross
Auldhill, on the Ayrshire coast of the Firth of Clyde, is a site with a very long history. Excavations were conducted there for a total of ten weeks in 1987, 1988 and 1989, and seven main phases were recognized, as follows: I the timber-framed fort occupied in the first millennium B.c.;II the iron age or early historic dun;III the timber castle of the twelfth-thirteenth centuries;IV the stone castle of the late thirteenth century;V the hall of th…
Iron Age coins in Scotland
A Corieltauvian plated stater recently discovered at Galadean, Borders, is described and the few other IA coin finds from Scotland are summarized. Attempts are made to explain why the people of northern Britain did not adopt coinage, in terms of relationships between the area and the coin-using south in the late pre-Roman IA. There is an `Appendix: Iron Age coins from northern England' (522--3)
Excavations on the Leven, Loudoun Hill, Ayrshire, 1993
Rescue excavations at Loudoun Hill Quarry revealed the remains of timber structures, defined as pits and postholes in the subsoil. A primary phase of activity was represented by two pits which are tentatively dated to the early Neolithic period by association with artefactual and botanical evidence. The second phase of occupation at the site was represented by the construction of a double palisaded enclosure. A third phase of activity is postulat…
The investigation of a Bronze Age cairnfield and later buildings at Fall Kneesend, Clydesdale
Excavation ahead of the M74 road development was undertaken at a cairnfield and other settlement remains at Fall Kneesend. The project was funded by the National Roads Directorate of the Scottish Office Development Department and managed on their behalf by Historic Scotland. The remains of a cremation pyre were found beneath one of the cairns, and an early Bronze Age radiocarbon date was obtained from this deposit. Later buildings placed among th…
Roman and native in Scotland
Roman-native relationships have been an active topic of debate for many years, and interest shows no signs of abating. However, in the three decades since the last major survey of the Scottish data (Robertson 1970) there has been a substantial increase in the data-set, and it should now be possible to develop more complex and robust interpretations. The aim here is not to present a detailed new corpus of Roman material from non-Roman sites, altho…
Representing the Romans in the Museum of Scotland
The Carnyx in Iron Age Europe
This paper reviews the evidence for the carnyx, the Iron Age animal-headed horn, in its European setting. The starting point is the head from Deskford, north-east Scotland: the results of recent work are described and a revised dating proposed. Excavations at the findspot strongly indicate it was a votive deposit. The nature of the wider European evidence and its biases are reviewed, to provide a firmer basis for commenting on the date and distri…
Roman counterfeiters' moulds from Scotland
Three clay moulds for making cast counterfeits of third-century coins are discussed in terms of their relationship to items of similar type found elsewhere and of their possible significance in a Scottish context. Includes
Archaeological excavation of a medieval structure and an assemblage of prehistoric artefacts from the summit of Traprain Law, East Lothian, 1996 - 1997
Investigations on the summit of Traprain Law, East Lothian, recorded and partly excavated approximately 300 sq m of fire-damaged ground immediately south of the summit 'pond'. The majority of the area excavated, roughly 240 sq m, proved either to be outcropping bedrock or shallow sandy loam soils overlying bedrock. These soils contained a range of early and later prehistoric artefacts. The remaining area excavated, roughly 60 sq m, contained a st…
Excavation of an Early Bronze Age cemetery and other sites a the West Water Reservoir, West Linton, Scottish Borders
An Early Bronze Age flat cist cemetery was excavated after it was exposed by reservoir erosion. Nine surviving cists were found, containing a mixture of inhumations and cremations. Grave goods included food vessels and a unique cannel coal and lead necklace. Where skeletal remains survived, most of the deceased were sub-adult or young adults. Evidence of floral tributes was found in three burials. A number of other features, one containing Beaker…
An Iron Age chariot burial from Scotland
The chance discovery of a chariot burial shows Iron Age Scotland to be in direct contact with the European continent
Research Priorities for Archaeometallurgy in Scotland
In 2003 the authors were invited to provide a Scottish dimension for a wider document surveying research agendas for archaeometallurgy in Britain (Bayley and Ponting forthcoming). In the event, the contribution was split into various sections of the overall report. However, we felt that an intact and updated version might be of value to the Scottish archaeological community, as this is a research area of considerable untapped potential. We should…
Excavations on the site of a late Iron Age roundhouse and souterrain, Glen Cloy, Brodick, Isle of Arran
Archaeological monitoring during topsoil stripping of a hotel and leisure development site in Glen Cloy, Isle of Arran in 2001 revealed the presence of a well-preserved, substantial roundhouse and an associated complex souterrain. The discovery is significant in terms of the information it provides for the distribution of souterrains in Scotland generally and in the west in particular, and for settlement and craft activities on Arran in the late …
Excavation of a burnt mound at Meur, Sanday, Orkney
In early 2005 a cluster of orthostat stones was exposed by coastal erosion at Meur, Sanday, Orkney. The excavation revealed a stone trough within the centre of an open space defined by walls. It was associated with at least one compartment and a secondary corbelled cistern with an overflow drain and was surrounded by a mound of dark soil and burnt stones. This burnt mound structure, comparable with other burnt mounds in the Northern Isles, was oc…
An Iron Age burial from Swainbost, Isle of Lewis
In May 2001, Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) undertook an archaeological excavation at Swainbost, Isle of Lewis, under the provisions of the Historic Scotland Human Remains Call Off Contract, following the discovery of the partial remains of a coastally-eroded in-situ human burial. The remains were found to be from one individual, probably male, aged between 30 and 34 years at death with a slight deformity of the spine…
Excavations on the site of a late Iron Age roundhouse and souterrain, Glen Cloy, Brodick, Isle of Arran
Archaeological monitoring during topsoil stripping of a hotel and leisure development site in Glen Cloy, Isle of Arran in 2001 revealed the presence of a well-preserved, substantial roundhouse and an associated complex souterrain. The discovery is significant in terms of the information it provides for the distribution of souterrains in Scotland generally and in the west in particular, and for settlement and craft activities on Arran in the late …
Excavation of a burnt mound at Meur, Sanday, Orkney
In early 2005 a cluster of orthostat stones was exposed by coastal erosion at Meur, Sanday, Orkney. The excavation revealed a stone trough within the centre of an open space defined by walls. It was associated with at least one compartment and a secondary corbelled cistern with an overflow drain and was surrounded by a mound of dark soil and burnt stones. This burnt mound structure, comparable with other burnt mounds in the Northern Isles, was oc…
An unusual pair of Roman bronze vessels from Stoneywood, Aberdeen, and other Roman finds from north-east Scotland
The provenance of two Roman bronze vessels in the collections of Marischal Museum has recently been discovered in the journal of Rev John Skinner’s 1825 Northern Tour. The reliability of this source is discussed, alongside a consideration of the antiquarian networks of the time. The vessels comprise a dipper and strainer set: unusually, the strainer is unfinished, and possible implications of this are considered. An Appendix catalogues other, mos…
New light on Iron Age massive armlets
Four unpublished armlets of the Later Iron Age `massive' tradition are described and discussed. Two are late-twentieth-century finds, a third being an antiquarian discovery to which a Fetlar (Shetland) provenance can be restored; this casts light on the intellectual networks of the late-eighteenth century, as well as being the first find of early Celtic art from the islands. A further armlet previously provenanced only to the Glamis area can be l…
Celtic art in Roman Britain
Total excavation of a later prehistoric enclosure at Braehead, Glasgow
Total excavation revealed a later prehistoric multi-ditched and multi-palisaded enclosure succeeded by unenclosed settlement. Despite the obvious investment of time and labour in the construction of the numerous palisades and three large concentric ditches episodic, seasonal use of the site is strongly indicated. Total artefact retrieval produced a cannel coal assemblage which has thrown light on the manufacture of the cannel coal bracelets so ty…
Intermittent occupation and forced abandonment
Excavations at Carghidown demonstrate sporadic occupation of this promontory fort over a short period, during the late first millennium BC or early first millennium AD. The analysis of lead beads from this settlement adds support to growing evidence for copper mining in this area of Galloway at the time and suggests that the inhabitants were of some status within the local social hierarchy. The excavation also demonstrates that the site was only …
Jet and Related Materials in Viking Scotland
Viking jewellery of polished black stone is too readily labelled as jet, implying E-coast contacts to North Yorkshire. Analysis of Scottish material (predominantly bangles) shows that here jet was rarely used. Instead a range of more readily available materials, primarily lignite and cannel coal, was favoured. These suggest contacts to Sutherland and down the western seaways to the Firth of Clyde and perhaps Ireland. The ornamental habit itself w…
History (42 obras) · Archaeology (41 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (37 obras) · Geography (34 obras) · Ancient history (26 obras) · History (25 obras) · Art (24 obras) · Excavation (21 obras) · Geology (15 obras) · Computer Science (13 obras)