David Macleod
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3643199 |
|---|---|
| NOME | David Macleod |
| PRENOMES | David |
| SOBRENOME | Macleod |
| ASSINATURA | MACLEOD D |
| AFILIAÇÕES | London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2371-5709 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 32 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 11 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 32 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1986 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Migration and its impact on universal HIV testing and treatment in the HPTN 071 (PopART) study communities
Migrants have been identified as a population left behind by the AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) response, with evidence showing poorer HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) outcomes and reduced intervention effectiveness in mobile populations. We used data from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01900977) to investigate migration and HIV-related indicators, assessing whether community migration influenced PopART t…
Drought impacts and community adaptation
The Horn of Africa drylands (HAD) encompassing Kenya, Somalia, and Ethiopia, recently endured an unprecedented multi-year drought from 2020 to 2023, causing devastating impacts. This study investigates these impacts and the dynamics of human adaptation in response to the drought, comparing it to earlier drought events (i.e., 2016–2018) to identify key lessons. First, drought impact data—covering milk production, trekking distances to water source…
Trichiasis with and without tarsal conjunctival scarring
There has been discussion regarding the definition of the clinical sign trachomatous trichiasis (TT) for the purposes of determining elimination of trachoma as a public health problem, and whether the definition should include the presence of trachomatous scarring (TS). A multi-country observational study was conducted in Ethiopia, Uganda and Nigeria to assess whether TS grading by field graders using the WHO simplified system in trachoma surveys…
Comparison of Telephone and In-Person Interview Modalities
Background Our research team conducted phenomenological interviews in Kenya with people who were not able to access community eye health services, aiming to explore the barriers and ideas for potential service modifications. We conducted an embedded study that compared in-person and telephone interview modalities in terms of time requirements, costs, and data richness. Methods A team of six interviewers conducted 31 in-person interviews and 31 te…
Access to community-based eye services in Meru, Kenya
Access to essential eye services is low and unequal in Meru, with less than a third of those aged 18-44 receiving the care they need. Future work should explore the specific barriers faced by this group
A Protocol for the Comparison of Telephone and In-Person Interview Modalities
Our research team is conducting phenomenological interviews with people who have not been able to access health services in Meru County, Kenya, aiming to explore the barriers they face and their perceptions of how we could modify our community outreach services to improve accessibility. We plan to conduct an embedded study that compares in-person and telephone interview modalities in terms of the richness of the data and the resources required fo…
Mainstreaming forecast based action into national disaster risk management systems
Drought and food security crises heighten risks to lives and livelihoods in East Africa. In recent years, a shift towards acting in advance of such events has gained momentum, notably among the humanitarian and development community. This shift is premised on tools that link climate forecasts with pre-agreed actions and funding, known as Forecast-based Action (FbA), or anticipatory action more widely. While FbA approaches have been developed by a…
Acceptability and Preferences of Two Different Community Models of ART Delivery in a High Prevalence Urban Setting in Zambia
Community delivery of Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a novel innovation to increase sustainable ART coverage for People living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource limited settings. Within a nested cluster-randomised sub-study in two urban communities that participated in the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in Zambia we investigated individual acceptability and preferences for ART delivery models. Stable PLHIV were enrolled in a cluster-randomized trial of thre…
Community-based health workers implementing universal access to HIV testing and treatment
The global expansion of HIV testing, prevention and treatment services is necessary to achieve HIV epidemic control and promote individual and population health benefits for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa. Community-based health workers (CHWs) could play a key role in supporting implementation at scale. In the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in Zambia and South Africa, a cadre of 737 study-specific CHWs, working closely with governm…
Impact of Hearing Aids on Poverty, Quality of Life and Mental Health in Guatemala
There are 466 million people globally with disabling hearing loss, many of whom can benefit from hearing aids. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of providing hearing aids on poverty, mental health, quality of life, and activities, among adults in Guatemala. A nonrandomised before and after study was conducted, with a comparison group to assess for secular trends. Adult cases with bilateral hearing impairment were identified within 150…
Climate Services and Communication for Development
Climate services entail providing timely and tailored climate information to end-users in order to facilitate and improve decision-making processes. Climate services are instrumental in socio-economic development and benefit substantially from interdisciplinary collaborations, particularly when including Early Career Researchers (ECRs). This commentary critically discusses deliberations from an interdisciplinary workshop involving ECRs from the U…
Utilization of Secondary Eye Care Services in Western Kenya
Background: Eye care provision is currently insufficient to meet the population's eye health needs in Kenya. Many people remain unnecessarily visually impaired or at risk of becoming so due to treatable or preventable conditions. A lack of access and awareness of services are key barriers, in large part due to their being too few eye care providers in the health system for this unmet need. Methods: A hospital-based, retrospective analysis of pati…
Changes in European wind energy generation potential within a 1.5 °C warmer world
Global climate model simulations from the 'Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts' (HAPPI) project were used to assess how wind power generation over Europe would change in a future world where global temperatures reach 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels. Comparing recent historical (2006Comparing recent historical ( -2015) ) and future 1.5 C forcing experiments highlights that the climate models demonstrate a northward …
Effectiveness of peer support to increase uptake of retinal examination for diabetic retinopathy
Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201707002430195 , registered 25 July 2017, www.pactr.org
Understanding the Time Needed to Link to Care and Start ART in Seven HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Communities in Zambia and South Africa
To achieve UNAIDS 90:90:90 targets at population-level, knowledge of HIV status must be followed by timely linkage to care, initiation and maintenance of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all people living with HIV (PLHIV). Interpreting quantitative patterns using qualitative data, we investigate time taken to link to care and initiate ART amongst individuals aware of their HIV-status in high HIV-prevalence urban communities in the HPTN 071 (PopAR…
Early breastfeeding practices
The aim of this study was to describe early breastfeeding practices (initiation within 1 hr of birth, no prelacteal feeding, and a combination of both-"optimal" early breastfeeding) according to childbirth location in low- and middle-income countries. Using data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (2000-2013) for 57 countries, we extracted information on the most recent birth for women aged 15-49 with a live birth in the preceding …
Population-based prevalence survey of follicular trachoma and trachomatous trichiasis in the Casamance region of Senegal
With a prevalence <5%, TF does not appear to be a significant public health problem in this region. However, TF monitoring and surveillance at sub-district level will be required to ensure that elimination targets are sustained and that TF does not re-emerge as a public health problem. TT surgery remains the priority for trachoma elimination efforts in the region, with an estimated 1819 TT surgeries to conduct
Should I stay or should I go
The objective of this article is to assess the extent and determinants of switching delivery location between women's first and second deliveries. We used Demographic and Health Survey data from 39 low- and middle-income countries on delivery locations from >30 000 women who had their first two deliveries in the 5-year survey recall period. Each delivery was characterized as occurring at home or in a health facility, facilities were classified as…
The scale, scope, coverage, and capability of childbirth care
Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks in Mauritania and Related Environmental Conditions
Four large outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) occurred in Mauritania in 1998, 2003, 2010 and 2012 which caused lots of animal and several human deaths. We investigated rainfall and vegetation conditions that might have impacted on RVF transmission over the affected regions. Our results corroborate that RVF transmission generally occurs during the months of September and October in Mauritania, similarly to Senegal. The four outbreaks were preced…
Useful decadal climate prediction at regional scales? A look at the ENSEMBLES stream 2 decadal hindcasts
Decadal climate prediction is a branch of climate modelling with the theoretical potential to anticipate climate impacts years in advance. Here we present analysis of the ENSEMBLES decadal simulations, the first multi-model decadal hindcasts, focusing on the skill in prediction of temperature and precipitation—important for impact prediction. Whilst previous work on this dataset has focused on the skill in multi-year averages, we focus here on th…
A probable Neolithic causewayed enclosure in northern England
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Aerial reconnaissance over England in summer 1996
This report outlines the results achieved by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England's (RCHME's) flying programme and those of the independent flyers over England in 1996. The RCHME operates its reconnaissance programme from two offices, Swindon and York, with each team covering approximately half of England. The RCHME has been funding a network of regional flyers since 1986, when English Heritage transferred the responsibilit…
Aerial reconnaissance over England in summer 1996
This report outlines the results achieved by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England's (RCHME's) flying programme and those of the independent flyers over England in 1996. The RCHME operates its reconnaissance programme from two offices, Swindon and York, with each team covering approximately half of England. The RCHME has been funding a network of regional flyers since 1986, when English Heritage transferred the responsibilit…
Model Ts, Pep Chapels, and a Wolf at the Door
From the Introduction: "The diaries, letters, reminiscences, and memories presented in this publication are themselves a time capsule, preserving for its readers what Kansas teenagers thought and did in the first decades of the twentieth century. The impact of technological and shifting social attitudes in Kansas's post-settlement, post-Victorian decades was recorded, unconsciously, by teenagers. They tell us about their world, and in that tellin…
An archaeologist's guide to classification of cropmarks and soilmarks
The classification of man-made features recorded on aerial photographs depends on a combination of morphological comparison and functional interpretation. Here, a computer-based method of morphological recording and classification is described, and its advantages argued. It has special relevance in England, where the Monument Protection Programme needs to assess the relative value and importance of many thousands of buried archaeological sites th…
Aerial reconnaissance in England, summer 1995
Britain in 1995 enjoyed a dry summer, with the longest hot spell since weather records began. The air photographers enjoyed a good year. This report from the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England sketches both their own work and that of the independent fliers
A Protocol for the Comparison of Telephone and In-Person Interview Modalities
Our research team is conducting phenomenological interviews with people who have not been able to access health services in Meru County, Kenya, aiming to explore the barriers they face and their perceptions of how we could modify our community outreach services to improve accessibility. We plan to conduct an embedded study that compares in-person and telephone interview modalities in terms of the richness of the data and the resources required fo…
Should I stay or should I go
The objective of this article is to assess the extent and determinants of switching delivery location between women's first and second deliveries. We used Demographic and Health Survey data from 39 low- and middle-income countries on delivery locations from >30 000 women who had their first two deliveries in the 5-year survey recall period. Each delivery was characterized as occurring at home or in a health facility, facilities were classified as…
A probable Neolithic causewayed enclosure in northern England
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
American Chameleon
The Cinema of Adolescence
Two Steps Forward, One Step Back
LeRoy Ashby. Saving the Waifs: Reformers and Dependent Children, 1890-1917. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1984.313 + xiii pp. William J. Breen. Uncle Sam at Home: Civilian Mobilization, Wartime Federalism, and the Council of National Defense, 1917-1919. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984. 279 + xvii pp. Sean Dennis Cashman. America in the Gilded Age: From the Death of Lincoln to the Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: New York Univ…
Manliness and Morality
Biological thought, athletics and the formation of the man of 1850-1914, Roberta J. Park learning about manhood - gender ideals and the middle-class family in 19th-century America, E. Anthony Rotundo building character in the British boy - the extension of Christian manliness to working-class adolescents, 1880-1914, John Springhall men, boys and anger in American society, 1860-1940, Peter N. Stearns passing the love of women - manly love and Vict…
An archaeologist's guide to classification of cropmarks and soilmarks
The classification of man-made features recorded on aerial photographs depends on a combination of morphological comparison and functional interpretation. Here, a computer-based method of morphological recording and classification is described, and its advantages argued. It has special relevance in England, where the Monument Protection Programme needs to assess the relative value and importance of many thousands of buried archaeological sites th…
American Chameleon
The New Deal and American Youth
When President Franklin Roosevelt formed National Administration (NYA) in June 1935, he declared that it would address the most pressing and immediate of American young people. In this book, Richard A. Reiman explores various and sometimes conflicting ways in which NYA planners and administrators defined those needs and attempted to answer them. As Reiman notes, NYA was set up to assist millions of youth who, during Depression years, were out of …
Aerial reconnaissance in England, summer 1995
Britain in 1995 enjoyed a dry summer, with the longest hot spell since weather records began. The air photographers enjoyed a good year. This report from the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England sketches both their own work and that of the independent fliers
Model Ts, Pep Chapels, and a Wolf at the Door
From the Introduction: "The diaries, letters, reminiscences, and memories presented in this publication are themselves a time capsule, preserving for its readers what Kansas teenagers thought and did in the first decades of the twentieth century. The impact of technological and shifting social attitudes in Kansas's post-settlement, post-Victorian decades was recorded, unconsciously, by teenagers. They tell us about their world, and in that tellin…
Aerial reconnaissance over England in summer 1996
This report outlines the results achieved by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England's (RCHME's) flying programme and those of the independent flyers over England in 1996. The RCHME operates its reconnaissance programme from two offices, Swindon and York, with each team covering approximately half of England. The RCHME has been funding a network of regional flyers since 1986, when English Heritage transferred the responsibilit…
Aerial reconnaissance over England in summer 1996
This report outlines the results achieved by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England's (RCHME's) flying programme and those of the independent flyers over England in 1996. The RCHME operates its reconnaissance programme from two offices, Swindon and York, with each team covering approximately half of England. The RCHME has been funding a network of regional flyers since 1986, when English Heritage transferred the responsibilit…
A probable Neolithic causewayed enclosure in northern England
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Useful decadal climate prediction at regional scales? A look at the ENSEMBLES stream 2 decadal hindcasts
Decadal climate prediction is a branch of climate modelling with the theoretical potential to anticipate climate impacts years in advance. Here we present analysis of the ENSEMBLES decadal simulations, the first multi-model decadal hindcasts, focusing on the skill in prediction of temperature and precipitation—important for impact prediction. Whilst previous work on this dataset has focused on the skill in multi-year averages, we focus here on th…
Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks in Mauritania and Related Environmental Conditions
Four large outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) occurred in Mauritania in 1998, 2003, 2010 and 2012 which caused lots of animal and several human deaths. We investigated rainfall and vegetation conditions that might have impacted on RVF transmission over the affected regions. Our results corroborate that RVF transmission generally occurs during the months of September and October in Mauritania, similarly to Senegal. The four outbreaks were preced…
The scale, scope, coverage, and capability of childbirth care
Early breastfeeding practices
The aim of this study was to describe early breastfeeding practices (initiation within 1 hr of birth, no prelacteal feeding, and a combination of both-"optimal" early breastfeeding) according to childbirth location in low- and middle-income countries. Using data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (2000-2013) for 57 countries, we extracted information on the most recent birth for women aged 15-49 with a live birth in the preceding …
Population-based prevalence survey of follicular trachoma and trachomatous trichiasis in the Casamance region of Senegal
With a prevalence <5%, TF does not appear to be a significant public health problem in this region. However, TF monitoring and surveillance at sub-district level will be required to ensure that elimination targets are sustained and that TF does not re-emerge as a public health problem. TT surgery remains the priority for trachoma elimination efforts in the region, with an estimated 1819 TT surgeries to conduct
Should I stay or should I go
The objective of this article is to assess the extent and determinants of switching delivery location between women's first and second deliveries. We used Demographic and Health Survey data from 39 low- and middle-income countries on delivery locations from >30 000 women who had their first two deliveries in the 5-year survey recall period. Each delivery was characterized as occurring at home or in a health facility, facilities were classified as…
Changes in European wind energy generation potential within a 1.5 °C warmer world
Global climate model simulations from the 'Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts' (HAPPI) project were used to assess how wind power generation over Europe would change in a future world where global temperatures reach 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels. Comparing recent historical (2006Comparing recent historical ( -2015) ) and future 1.5 C forcing experiments highlights that the climate models demonstrate a northward …
Effectiveness of peer support to increase uptake of retinal examination for diabetic retinopathy
Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201707002430195 , registered 25 July 2017, www.pactr.org
Understanding the Time Needed to Link to Care and Start ART in Seven HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Communities in Zambia and South Africa
To achieve UNAIDS 90:90:90 targets at population-level, knowledge of HIV status must be followed by timely linkage to care, initiation and maintenance of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all people living with HIV (PLHIV). Interpreting quantitative patterns using qualitative data, we investigate time taken to link to care and initiate ART amongst individuals aware of their HIV-status in high HIV-prevalence urban communities in the HPTN 071 (PopAR…
Climate Services and Communication for Development
Climate services entail providing timely and tailored climate information to end-users in order to facilitate and improve decision-making processes. Climate services are instrumental in socio-economic development and benefit substantially from interdisciplinary collaborations, particularly when including Early Career Researchers (ECRs). This commentary critically discusses deliberations from an interdisciplinary workshop involving ECRs from the U…
Utilization of Secondary Eye Care Services in Western Kenya
Background: Eye care provision is currently insufficient to meet the population's eye health needs in Kenya. Many people remain unnecessarily visually impaired or at risk of becoming so due to treatable or preventable conditions. A lack of access and awareness of services are key barriers, in large part due to their being too few eye care providers in the health system for this unmet need. Methods: A hospital-based, retrospective analysis of pati…
Impact of Hearing Aids on Poverty, Quality of Life and Mental Health in Guatemala
There are 466 million people globally with disabling hearing loss, many of whom can benefit from hearing aids. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of providing hearing aids on poverty, mental health, quality of life, and activities, among adults in Guatemala. A nonrandomised before and after study was conducted, with a comparison group to assess for secular trends. Adult cases with bilateral hearing impairment were identified within 150…
Acceptability and Preferences of Two Different Community Models of ART Delivery in a High Prevalence Urban Setting in Zambia
Community delivery of Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a novel innovation to increase sustainable ART coverage for People living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource limited settings. Within a nested cluster-randomised sub-study in two urban communities that participated in the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in Zambia we investigated individual acceptability and preferences for ART delivery models. Stable PLHIV were enrolled in a cluster-randomized trial of thre…
Community-based health workers implementing universal access to HIV testing and treatment
The global expansion of HIV testing, prevention and treatment services is necessary to achieve HIV epidemic control and promote individual and population health benefits for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa. Community-based health workers (CHWs) could play a key role in supporting implementation at scale. In the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in Zambia and South Africa, a cadre of 737 study-specific CHWs, working closely with governm…
Geography (15 obras) · Medicine (14 obras) · Sociology (12 obras) · Political science (10 obras) · Environmental health (8 obras) · Population (8 obras) · Demography (7 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (7 obras) · Law (7 obras) · Nursing (7 obras)