Susanna Millar
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3657751 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Susanna Millar |
| PRENOMES | Susanna |
| SOBRENOME | Millar |
| ASSINATURA | MILLAR S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Oxford |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 10 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 2 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 10 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1972 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2001 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Illusions in reading maps by touch
The study reports systematic distance errors in reading raised‐line maps by touch, and how they can be reduced. We show that T‐shaped road junctions produce the typical error due to overestimating the length of the bisecting road compared to the bisected road. The error was not reduced when the target location was marked initially by a symbol. However, it was eliminated by instructions to use both hands concurrently to scan the route relative to …
Articulatory coding in prose reading
The role of speech‐based strategies in prose reading was tested in two experiments with braillists at different levels of proficiency. Subjects read prose texts in silent and oral control conditions, under articulatory suppression, and while making non‐speech movements during silent and oral reading, respectively. Experiment 1 used relatively difficult braille texts and showed that articulatory suppression reduced comprehension significantly comp…
Prose reading by touch
Prose reading by fluent braillists was videotaped from below transparent reading surfaces to analyse effects of stimulus degradation, inappropriate spelling and context change. All text manipulations slowed overall reading speed significantly. Stimulus quality and context also affected word speed significantly. The conjunction of stimulus degradation and context change slowed the critical words more than stimulus degradation alone. A surprising f…
Short‐term serial tactual recall
The study tested the hypothesis that grouping has adverse effects on the recall of tactual shapes but facilitates the recall of tactual letters on the assumption that this depends on different processes. A further question was the relation of grouping to letter recall span (set‐size). Tactually probed recall of tactually presented serial nonsense and letter shapes by blind children was tested under grouped and ungrouped conditions. Results showed…
The Psychology of Play
Tactual and name matching by blind children
The hypothesis that letters can be matched on the basis of tactual physical features was tested in three experiments with blind Braille-reading children.Experiment I compared simultaneous matching of pairs of normal (S) and enlarged (E) format Braille letters. Under physical match instructions latencies for SS pairs were significantly faster than for other pairs, but matching EE pairs which compared two difficult letters under physical match inst…
Effects of Tactual and Phonological Similarity on the Recall of Braille Letters by Blind Children
Forty‐eight severely blind children, able to cope with set‐sizes of two and three, four, five or six serial items were tested on probed recall of Braille letters they could either name or discriminate, when the letters were (1) dissimilar in tactual characteristics and name sounds, (2) similar in feel, but different in name sound, and (3) dissimilar in feel but similar in name sound. Results showed that tactual similarity produced recall decremen…
Spatial Memory by Blind and Sighted Children
Non‐verbal recall of haptically presented spatial positions by three age groups of blind and sighted children was tested under conditions varying cueing, recall type and stimulus position in a within‐subject design. Sighted status was not only significant, but interacted significantly with recall type, and further with stimulus position, consistent with sequential haptic by blind and quasi‐simultaneous visual processing by sighted children. Age w…
Tactile Short-term Memory by Blind and Sighted Children
Four experiments are reported on effects of attention-demanding and modality-specific distractors on tactile recognition by blind and sighted children. Distractors produced significant response decrements by 9- to 10- and 5- to 7-year-olds. The effect was absent in one experiment in which the number of trials with each stimulus pair was restricted to a minimum. Modality-specific effects were not found. Movement rehearsal did not facilitate respon…
The Development of Visual and Kinaesthetic Judgements of Distance
Three groups, each of 36 children, aged 4, 6 and 8 years, performed visual and kinaesthetic intra‐ and cross‐modal matching tasks in three experimental conditions of simultaneous or successive visual inputs in an age x conditions x modality design. Stimuli were lengths with specific relations to a total distance. No effect of simultaneous versus successive experimental conditions was found. Age, modality and the interaction between age and modali…
Tactual and name matching by blind children
The hypothesis that letters can be matched on the basis of tactual physical features was tested in three experiments with blind Braille-reading children.Experiment I compared simultaneous matching of pairs of normal (S) and enlarged (E) format Braille letters. Under physical match instructions latencies for SS pairs were significantly faster than for other pairs, but matching EE pairs which compared two difficult letters under physical match inst…
Tactile Short-term Memory by Blind and Sighted Children
Four experiments are reported on effects of attention-demanding and modality-specific distractors on tactile recognition by blind and sighted children. Distractors produced significant response decrements by 9- to 10- and 5- to 7-year-olds. The effect was absent in one experiment in which the number of trials with each stimulus pair was restricted to a minimum. Modality-specific effects were not found. Movement rehearsal did not facilitate respon…
The Development of Visual and Kinaesthetic Judgements of Distance
Three groups, each of 36 children, aged 4, 6 and 8 years, performed visual and kinaesthetic intra‐ and cross‐modal matching tasks in three experimental conditions of simultaneous or successive visual inputs in an age x conditions x modality design. Stimuli were lengths with specific relations to a total distance. No effect of simultaneous versus successive experimental conditions was found. Age, modality and the interaction between age and modali…
Tactile Short-term Memory by Blind and Sighted Children
Four experiments are reported on effects of attention-demanding and modality-specific distractors on tactile recognition by blind and sighted children. Distractors produced significant response decrements by 9- to 10- and 5- to 7-year-olds. The effect was absent in one experiment in which the number of trials with each stimulus pair was restricted to a minimum. Modality-specific effects were not found. Movement rehearsal did not facilitate respon…
Effects of Tactual and Phonological Similarity on the Recall of Braille Letters by Blind Children
Forty‐eight severely blind children, able to cope with set‐sizes of two and three, four, five or six serial items were tested on probed recall of Braille letters they could either name or discriminate, when the letters were (1) dissimilar in tactual characteristics and name sounds, (2) similar in feel, but different in name sound, and (3) dissimilar in feel but similar in name sound. Results showed that tactual similarity produced recall decremen…
Spatial Memory by Blind and Sighted Children
Non‐verbal recall of haptically presented spatial positions by three age groups of blind and sighted children was tested under conditions varying cueing, recall type and stimulus position in a within‐subject design. Sighted status was not only significant, but interacted significantly with recall type, and further with stimulus position, consistent with sequential haptic by blind and quasi‐simultaneous visual processing by sighted children. Age w…
The Psychology of Play
Tactual and name matching by blind children
The hypothesis that letters can be matched on the basis of tactual physical features was tested in three experiments with blind Braille-reading children.Experiment I compared simultaneous matching of pairs of normal (S) and enlarged (E) format Braille letters. Under physical match instructions latencies for SS pairs were significantly faster than for other pairs, but matching EE pairs which compared two difficult letters under physical match inst…
Short‐term serial tactual recall
The study tested the hypothesis that grouping has adverse effects on the recall of tactual shapes but facilitates the recall of tactual letters on the assumption that this depends on different processes. A further question was the relation of grouping to letter recall span (set‐size). Tactually probed recall of tactually presented serial nonsense and letter shapes by blind children was tested under grouped and ungrouped conditions. Results showed…
Prose reading by touch
Prose reading by fluent braillists was videotaped from below transparent reading surfaces to analyse effects of stimulus degradation, inappropriate spelling and context change. All text manipulations slowed overall reading speed significantly. Stimulus quality and context also affected word speed significantly. The conjunction of stimulus degradation and context change slowed the critical words more than stimulus degradation alone. A surprising f…
Articulatory coding in prose reading
The role of speech‐based strategies in prose reading was tested in two experiments with braillists at different levels of proficiency. Subjects read prose texts in silent and oral control conditions, under articulatory suppression, and while making non‐speech movements during silent and oral reading, respectively. Experiment 1 used relatively difficult braille texts and showed that articulatory suppression reduced comprehension significantly comp…
Illusions in reading maps by touch
The study reports systematic distance errors in reading raised‐line maps by touch, and how they can be reduced. We show that T‐shaped road junctions produce the typical error due to overestimating the length of the bisecting road compared to the bisected road. The error was not reduced when the target location was marked initially by a symbol. However, it was eliminated by instructions to use both hands concurrently to scan the route relative to …
Cognitive psychology (10 obras) · Psychology (10 obras) · Communication (8 obras) · Tactile and Sensory Interactions (6 obras) · Audiology (4 obras) · Braille (4 obras) · Computer Science (4 obras) · Linguistics (4 obras) · Reading (process) (4 obras) · Safety Warnings and Signage (4 obras)