A Marx
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 36604 |
|---|---|
| NOME | A Marx |
| PRENOMES | A |
| SOBRENOME | Marx |
| ASSINATURA | MARX A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | KU Leuven |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1474-0539 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 28 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 164 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 28 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2000 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
How Due Diligence Transforms Private Sustainability Governance
Growing awareness of social and environmental risks in global supply chains has driven a shift from voluntary corporate responsibility toward mandatory due diligence legislation. These emerging regulatory frameworks require businesses to identify, prevent, and mitigate adverse human rights and environmental impacts, thereby redefining the boundaries of corporate accountability. Within this evolving context, voluntary sustainability standards (VSS…
Multilateral Diplomacy of Small States and Sub‐States. Applying Diverse Instruments for Thematic Diplomacy
How do small states with limited capacity engage in a complex multilateral environment? This paper uses a case study approach to address this question, based on a thorough analysis of policy documents and more than 70 interviews with practitioners from 9 different countries and sub‐state regions (Finland, Flanders [Belgium], the Netherlands, Slovenia, Catalonia [Spain], Denmark, Liechtenstein, Scotland [United Kingdom] and Singapore). The paper g…
National and voluntary sustainability standards
Voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) are market-based mechanisms promoting sustainability in agri-food value chains. VSS can create challenges related to compliance, market access and acceptance for producers in emerging countries. To address this challenge, some emerging countries have established national sustainability standards (NSS). This paper compares VSS (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil and Rainforest Alliance) and NSS (Indonesian …
From chocolate to palm oil
The role of intermediaries in the implementation of sustainability standards. A case study of buyer-driven Rainforest Alliance certification in the Indonesian cocoa sector
Global governance through voluntary sustainability standards
Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) are transnational governance instruments that can be leveraged to pursue sustainable development in global value chains. They have proliferated since the 1990s in terms of their number and the share of global production they govern. This paper shares some key insights arising from the considerable body of literature that has analysed the role of these instruments for sustainable production and trade. First…
Institutional Transformations of Global Governance – Key Challenges for International Organisations
This article examines the evolving institutional challenges of global governance by analyzing four key sectors: trade, security, environment, and finance. Recent transformations have increased their complexity and fragmentation in these sectors, challenging the traditional dominance of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). Based on the findings of the H2020 GLOBE project and a survey of 1,004 IGO staff, we discuss four major cross-sectoral chal…
Carrots rather than sticks
Aligned with the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) have gained prominence as market‐based tools for sustainability governance. However, whether VSS improve economic sustainability remains subject to vigorous debate. A major limitation of the evidence base is that it does not systematically examine which VSS design attributes affect their impact. In this study, we develop a conceptual framework disentang…
The shift to strategic autonomy in EU trade policy
There is no conflict of interest. Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study
Fostering compliance with voluntary sustainability standards through institutional design
The institutional design of voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) has been recognized as an important determinant of compliance with VSS rules, which partly explains heterogeneity in VSS sustainability impacts. However, the current understanding of how VSS institutional design generates compliance is scattered and lacks systematic operationalization. This paper brings together different strands of literature and identifies three main mechanism…
An ever more entangled Union? The European Union’s interactions with global governance institutions
Contemporary global governance is characterized by a diversity of institutions. The European Union (EU) interacts with these institutions in multiple ways. Despite their importance, the interactions of the EU with different types of global governance institutions have remained underexplored in EU scholarship. The papers in this special issue address this research gap. They map the EU’s interactions with different types of global governance instit…
Transparency in EU Trade Policy
The EU trade policy is increasingly confronted with demands for more transparency. This article aims to investigate how transparency takes shape in EU trade policy. First, we operationalize the concept of transparency along two dimensions: a process dimension and an actor dimension. We then apply this framework to analysis of EU Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). After analyzing transparency in relation to FTAs from the perspective of the institutiona…
Explaining New Models of Global Voluntary Regulation
Global governance in its myriad forms and actor constellations has decisively demonstrated the potential for rule‐making above the nation state to be liberated from the ‘iron cage’ of traditional intergovernmental forums and multilateral bureaucracy. To further investigate an increasingly complex global reality, we propose drawing on organisational theories and methods for penetrating the internal dynamics of global governance processes and outco…
Dispute Settlement for Labour Provisions in EU Free Trade Agreements
While labour provisions have been inserted in a number of EU free trade agreements (FTAs), extant clauses are widely perceived as ineffective. This article argues that there is a need to rethink the dispute settlement mechanisms related to labour provisions if their effectiveness is to be increased. It proceeds in three steps. First, we look at the current state of the art of labour provisions in EU FTAs in terms of legal design and practice and …
Rule Intermediaries in Global Labor Governance
The International Labour Organization's (ILO's) Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work is a "canon" in the global governance of labor rights. The ILO has its own implementation, monitoring, and enforcement system in place to foster compliance with the declaration. However, other transnational regulatory initiatives also integrate the declaration into their standards and procedures, leading them to become nondelegated intermediar…
Localizing Fundamental Rights in the European Union
© 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Recent literature has pointed to the importance of localizing fundamental rights in order to further strengthen their effective protection. In this context attention has been paid mainly to civil society organizations, but not as much to local and regional authorities. What role can local and regional authorities play in enforcing fundamental rights in the European…
Années de QCA ( Qualitative Comparative Analysis )
Cet article vise à retracer le développement de l’analyse QCA ( Qualitative Comparative Analysis ), initiée par Charles Ragin il y a vingt-cinq ans. Nous examinons d’abord en quoi le contexte dans lequel ceci s’est produit a façonné QCA comme approche de recherche, et présentons les caractéristiques initiales de cette approche. Ensuite, nous présentons les principaux débats suscités par QCA et les réponses apportées, en particulier en termes d’in…
Applying new methodological tools in human rights research. The case of qualitative comparative analysis
In recent years several excellent efforts have been made to explain the protection of human rights on the basis of quantitative regression-based models. These studies have generated several interesting insights and identified different explanatory variables which explain the protection of human rights. However, regression-based models have some limitations due to the assumptions on which they are based. Most importantly these models aim to identi…
Legitimacy, Institutional Design, and Dispute Settlement
Certification is becoming a significant global governance instrument for regulating transnational supply chains. The article analyses more than 400 eco-certification systems (CS) on three components related to legitimacy: the openness of the standard-setting process, the independent nature of conformity assessment, and the presence of dispute settlement systems. The article focuses specifically on the so far neglected third component, since the p…
The origins, development, and application of Qualitative Comparative Analysis
A quarter century ago, in 1987, Charles C. Ragin published The Comparative Method, introducing a new method to the social sciences called Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). QCA is a comparative case-oriented research approach and collection of techniques based on set theory and Boolean algebra, which aims to combine some of the strengths of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Since its launch in 1987, QCA has been applied extensiv…
Varieties of legitimacy
Certification is becoming an important global governance instrument. Several authors have discussed the legitimacy of these systems. This paper uses eco-labels as a specific case of certification systems and analyzes more than 400 eco-labels on three components related to legitimacy. It aims to expand current research in two ways: conceptually and empirically. Conceptually, the paper proposes a configurational approach to assessing legitimacy on …
Global governance and democratic legitimacy
This special issue aims to contribute to the debate on the democratization of global governance. Its starting point is that, two decades after the emergence of the concept of “global governance” in
QCA, 25 Years after “The Comparative Method
This article provides a first systematic mapping of QCA applications, building upon a database of 313 peer-reviewed journal articles. We find out that the number of QCA applications has dramatically increased during the past few years.\nThe mapping also reveals that csQCA remains the most frequently used technique, that political science, sociology, and management are the core disciplines of application, that macrolevel analyses, medium-N designs…
Global Governance and the Certification Revolution
In the last two decades one can observe the emergence and development of private global governance regimes which regulate internationally manufactured and traded products. These private regulatory initiatives develop specific social and/or ecological standards. When products, organisations or production processes meet these standards they receive a certificate. This chapter outlines different types of private governance initiatives, analyses the …
Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA), Contradictions and Consistency Benchmarks for Model Specification
The purpose of this paper is to address and test two assumptions on which csQCA is based, namely that csQCA will generate contradictions and low consistency scores if models are ill-specified. The first part of the paper introduces csQCA in general and as a stepwise approach. In a second part a real-life example is introduced with the purpose of illustrating how csQCA operates and as an input for a simulation in the subsequent part. The third par…
The origins, development, and application of Qualitative Comparative Analysis
A quarter century ago, in 1987, Charles C. Ragin published The Comparative Method, introducing a new method to the social sciences called Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). QCA is a comparative case-oriented research approach and collection of techniques based on set theory and Boolean algebra, which aims to combine some of the strengths of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Since its launch in 1987, QCA has been applied extensiv…
QCA, 25 Years after “The Comparative Method
This article provides a first systematic mapping of QCA applications, building upon a database of 313 peer-reviewed journal articles. We find out that the number of QCA applications has dramatically increased during the past few years.\nThe mapping also reveals that csQCA remains the most frequently used technique, that political science, sociology, and management are the core disciplines of application, that macrolevel analyses, medium-N designs…
Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA), Contradictions and Consistency Benchmarks for Model Specification
The purpose of this paper is to address and test two assumptions on which csQCA is based, namely that csQCA will generate contradictions and low consistency scores if models are ill-specified. The first part of the paper introduces csQCA in general and as a stepwise approach. In a second part a real-life example is introduced with the purpose of illustrating how csQCA operates and as an input for a simulation in the subsequent part. The third par…
Legitimacy, Institutional Design, and Dispute Settlement
Certification is becoming a significant global governance instrument for regulating transnational supply chains. The article analyses more than 400 eco-certification systems (CS) on three components related to legitimacy: the openness of the standard-setting process, the independent nature of conformity assessment, and the presence of dispute settlement systems. The article focuses specifically on the so far neglected third component, since the p…
Rule Intermediaries in Global Labor Governance
The International Labour Organization's (ILO's) Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work is a "canon" in the global governance of labor rights. The ILO has its own implementation, monitoring, and enforcement system in place to foster compliance with the declaration. However, other transnational regulatory initiatives also integrate the declaration into their standards and procedures, leading them to become nondelegated intermediar…
An ever more entangled Union? The European Union’s interactions with global governance institutions
Contemporary global governance is characterized by a diversity of institutions. The European Union (EU) interacts with these institutions in multiple ways. Despite their importance, the interactions of the EU with different types of global governance institutions have remained underexplored in EU scholarship. The papers in this special issue address this research gap. They map the EU’s interactions with different types of global governance instit…
Dispute Settlement for Labour Provisions in EU Free Trade Agreements
While labour provisions have been inserted in a number of EU free trade agreements (FTAs), extant clauses are widely perceived as ineffective. This article argues that there is a need to rethink the dispute settlement mechanisms related to labour provisions if their effectiveness is to be increased. It proceeds in three steps. First, we look at the current state of the art of labour provisions in EU FTAs in terms of legal design and practice and …
Varieties of legitimacy
Certification is becoming an important global governance instrument. Several authors have discussed the legitimacy of these systems. This paper uses eco-labels as a specific case of certification systems and analyzes more than 400 eco-labels on three components related to legitimacy. It aims to expand current research in two ways: conceptually and empirically. Conceptually, the paper proposes a configurational approach to assessing legitimacy on …
Une “ troisième voie ” entre approches qualitative et quantitative
Au terme de ce Forum, bien des questions restent ouvertes, à la fois au niveau\nplus fondamental de l’approche qu’au niveau plus concret de la technique\net du travail empirique. Ces deux niveaux sont bien évidemment liés :\nles questions apparemment techniques, que ce soit dans l’AQQC ou les Ensembles\nFlous (EF), appellent souvent une réflexion plus fondamentale... et\nvice-versa.\nNotre propos sera tout d’abord de faire le point sur les atouts…
From chocolate to palm oil
The role of intermediaries in the implementation of sustainability standards. A case study of buyer-driven Rainforest Alliance certification in the Indonesian cocoa sector
Fostering compliance with voluntary sustainability standards through institutional design
The institutional design of voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) has been recognized as an important determinant of compliance with VSS rules, which partly explains heterogeneity in VSS sustainability impacts. However, the current understanding of how VSS institutional design generates compliance is scattered and lacks systematic operationalization. This paper brings together different strands of literature and identifies three main mechanism…
Localizing Fundamental Rights in the European Union
© 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Recent literature has pointed to the importance of localizing fundamental rights in order to further strengthen their effective protection. In this context attention has been paid mainly to civil society organizations, but not as much to local and regional authorities. What role can local and regional authorities play in enforcing fundamental rights in the European…
Applying new methodological tools in human rights research. The case of qualitative comparative analysis
In recent years several excellent efforts have been made to explain the protection of human rights on the basis of quantitative regression-based models. These studies have generated several interesting insights and identified different explanatory variables which explain the protection of human rights. However, regression-based models have some limitations due to the assumptions on which they are based. Most importantly these models aim to identi…
Global governance and democratic legitimacy
This special issue aims to contribute to the debate on the democratization of global governance. Its starting point is that, two decades after the emergence of the concept of “global governance” in
Uncertainty and social impacts
Ecological Modernization, Environmental Policy and Employment. Can Environmental Protection and Employment be Reconciled
(2000). Ecological Modernization, Environmental Policy and Employment. Can Environmental Protection and Employment be Reconciled? Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 311-325
Ecological Modernization, Environmental Policy and Employment. Can Environmental Protection and Employment be Reconciled
(2000). Ecological Modernization, Environmental Policy and Employment. Can Environmental Protection and Employment be Reconciled? Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 311-325
Uncertainty and social impacts
Une “ troisième voie ” entre approches qualitative et quantitative
Au terme de ce Forum, bien des questions restent ouvertes, à la fois au niveau\nplus fondamental de l’approche qu’au niveau plus concret de la technique\net du travail empirique. Ces deux niveaux sont bien évidemment liés :\nles questions apparemment techniques, que ce soit dans l’AQQC ou les Ensembles\nFlous (EF), appellent souvent une réflexion plus fondamentale... et\nvice-versa.\nNotre propos sera tout d’abord de faire le point sur les atouts…
Global Governance and the Certification Revolution
In the last two decades one can observe the emergence and development of private global governance regimes which regulate internationally manufactured and traded products. These private regulatory initiatives develop specific social and/or ecological standards. When products, organisations or production processes meet these standards they receive a certificate. This chapter outlines different types of private governance initiatives, analyses the …
Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA), Contradictions and Consistency Benchmarks for Model Specification
The purpose of this paper is to address and test two assumptions on which csQCA is based, namely that csQCA will generate contradictions and low consistency scores if models are ill-specified. The first part of the paper introduces csQCA in general and as a stepwise approach. In a second part a real-life example is introduced with the purpose of illustrating how csQCA operates and as an input for a simulation in the subsequent part. The third par…
Varieties of legitimacy
Certification is becoming an important global governance instrument. Several authors have discussed the legitimacy of these systems. This paper uses eco-labels as a specific case of certification systems and analyzes more than 400 eco-labels on three components related to legitimacy. It aims to expand current research in two ways: conceptually and empirically. Conceptually, the paper proposes a configurational approach to assessing legitimacy on …
Global governance and democratic legitimacy
This special issue aims to contribute to the debate on the democratization of global governance. Its starting point is that, two decades after the emergence of the concept of “global governance” in
QCA, 25 Years after “The Comparative Method
This article provides a first systematic mapping of QCA applications, building upon a database of 313 peer-reviewed journal articles. We find out that the number of QCA applications has dramatically increased during the past few years.\nThe mapping also reveals that csQCA remains the most frequently used technique, that political science, sociology, and management are the core disciplines of application, that macrolevel analyses, medium-N designs…
Legitimacy, Institutional Design, and Dispute Settlement
Certification is becoming a significant global governance instrument for regulating transnational supply chains. The article analyses more than 400 eco-certification systems (CS) on three components related to legitimacy: the openness of the standard-setting process, the independent nature of conformity assessment, and the presence of dispute settlement systems. The article focuses specifically on the so far neglected third component, since the p…
The origins, development, and application of Qualitative Comparative Analysis
A quarter century ago, in 1987, Charles C. Ragin published The Comparative Method, introducing a new method to the social sciences called Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). QCA is a comparative case-oriented research approach and collection of techniques based on set theory and Boolean algebra, which aims to combine some of the strengths of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Since its launch in 1987, QCA has been applied extensiv…
Localizing Fundamental Rights in the European Union
© 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Recent literature has pointed to the importance of localizing fundamental rights in order to further strengthen their effective protection. In this context attention has been paid mainly to civil society organizations, but not as much to local and regional authorities. What role can local and regional authorities play in enforcing fundamental rights in the European…
Années de QCA ( Qualitative Comparative Analysis )
Cet article vise à retracer le développement de l’analyse QCA ( Qualitative Comparative Analysis ), initiée par Charles Ragin il y a vingt-cinq ans. Nous examinons d’abord en quoi le contexte dans lequel ceci s’est produit a façonné QCA comme approche de recherche, et présentons les caractéristiques initiales de cette approche. Ensuite, nous présentons les principaux débats suscités par QCA et les réponses apportées, en particulier en termes d’in…
Applying new methodological tools in human rights research. The case of qualitative comparative analysis
In recent years several excellent efforts have been made to explain the protection of human rights on the basis of quantitative regression-based models. These studies have generated several interesting insights and identified different explanatory variables which explain the protection of human rights. However, regression-based models have some limitations due to the assumptions on which they are based. Most importantly these models aim to identi…
Dispute Settlement for Labour Provisions in EU Free Trade Agreements
While labour provisions have been inserted in a number of EU free trade agreements (FTAs), extant clauses are widely perceived as ineffective. This article argues that there is a need to rethink the dispute settlement mechanisms related to labour provisions if their effectiveness is to be increased. It proceeds in three steps. First, we look at the current state of the art of labour provisions in EU FTAs in terms of legal design and practice and …
Rule Intermediaries in Global Labor Governance
The International Labour Organization's (ILO's) Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work is a "canon" in the global governance of labor rights. The ILO has its own implementation, monitoring, and enforcement system in place to foster compliance with the declaration. However, other transnational regulatory initiatives also integrate the declaration into their standards and procedures, leading them to become nondelegated intermediar…
Explaining New Models of Global Voluntary Regulation
Global governance in its myriad forms and actor constellations has decisively demonstrated the potential for rule‐making above the nation state to be liberated from the ‘iron cage’ of traditional intergovernmental forums and multilateral bureaucracy. To further investigate an increasingly complex global reality, we propose drawing on organisational theories and methods for penetrating the internal dynamics of global governance processes and outco…
Transparency in EU Trade Policy
The EU trade policy is increasingly confronted with demands for more transparency. This article aims to investigate how transparency takes shape in EU trade policy. First, we operationalize the concept of transparency along two dimensions: a process dimension and an actor dimension. We then apply this framework to analysis of EU Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). After analyzing transparency in relation to FTAs from the perspective of the institutiona…
An ever more entangled Union? The European Union’s interactions with global governance institutions
Contemporary global governance is characterized by a diversity of institutions. The European Union (EU) interacts with these institutions in multiple ways. Despite their importance, the interactions of the EU with different types of global governance institutions have remained underexplored in EU scholarship. The papers in this special issue address this research gap. They map the EU’s interactions with different types of global governance instit…
The shift to strategic autonomy in EU trade policy
There is no conflict of interest. Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study
Fostering compliance with voluntary sustainability standards through institutional design
The institutional design of voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) has been recognized as an important determinant of compliance with VSS rules, which partly explains heterogeneity in VSS sustainability impacts. However, the current understanding of how VSS institutional design generates compliance is scattered and lacks systematic operationalization. This paper brings together different strands of literature and identifies three main mechanism…
Global governance through voluntary sustainability standards
Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) are transnational governance instruments that can be leveraged to pursue sustainable development in global value chains. They have proliferated since the 1990s in terms of their number and the share of global production they govern. This paper shares some key insights arising from the considerable body of literature that has analysed the role of these instruments for sustainable production and trade. First…
Institutional Transformations of Global Governance – Key Challenges for International Organisations
This article examines the evolving institutional challenges of global governance by analyzing four key sectors: trade, security, environment, and finance. Recent transformations have increased their complexity and fragmentation in these sectors, challenging the traditional dominance of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). Based on the findings of the H2020 GLOBE project and a survey of 1,004 IGO staff, we discuss four major cross-sectoral chal…
Carrots rather than sticks
Aligned with the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) have gained prominence as market‐based tools for sustainability governance. However, whether VSS improve economic sustainability remains subject to vigorous debate. A major limitation of the evidence base is that it does not systematically examine which VSS design attributes affect their impact. In this study, we develop a conceptual framework disentang…
From chocolate to palm oil
The role of intermediaries in the implementation of sustainability standards. A case study of buyer-driven Rainforest Alliance certification in the Indonesian cocoa sector
Political science (18 obras) · Business (15 obras) · Economics (12 obras) · Corporate governance (10 obras) · Global trade, sustainability, and social impact (10 obras) · Law (9 obras) · Law (8 obras) · Regulation and Compliance Studies (7 obras) · Sustainability (7 obras) · Management (6 obras)