Erik Zürcher
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3675385 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Erik Zürcher |
| PRENOMES | Erik |
| SOBRENOME | Zürcher |
| ASSINATURA | ZÜRCHER E |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Leiden University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4087-3952 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 62 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 89 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 59 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 3 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1962 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Jesuit Accommodation and the Chinese Cultural Imperative
From a missiological point of view the importance of the Rites Controversy as the most dramatic chapter in early Chinese missionary history is obvious. It cannot be doubted that the outcome of the events that make up the last phase of that centenarian dispute—the ill-advised interventions of de Tournon and Maigrot at the Chinese court (1705-1706); the ambiguous situation created by the “patent” (piao 票) system imposed by Kangxi; the fiasco of the…
The Great National Assembly of Turkey and Its Place Between Sultanate and Republic
È ormai una consuetudine affermare che all’Impero Ottomano sia succeduta la Repubblica di Turchia. Tuttavia, non è vero. Quando il sultanato ottomano fu abolito nel novembre del 1922, l’abolizione in sé non fu contestata in modo feroce. I dibattiti si concentrarono su altre due questioni: sulla creazione di un Califfato “spirituale” (una novità assoluta nel mondo dell’Islam) e soprattutto sulle garanzie per il mantenimento del sistema di governo …
Three turning points in the political development of modern Turkey
This essay investigates the choices made by the Turkish political leadership at three crucial moments in the history of Turkey between World War I and the Cold War. It asks the question if viable alternatives to the chosen route were available, and to what extent the choices made reflected international developments of the time. The episodes looked at are the establishment of a nation-state and of a republic (two separate issues) in 1920–23, the …
The Unionist presence in the Asiatic provinces of the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1912
This article investigates the way the Young Turk Committee of Union and Progress, which was essentially an organisation with roots in the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire and in the Western Anatolian province of Aydın, established itself in the provincial centres of Eastern Anatolia and the Arab provinces after the revolution of July 1908. It then seeks out the patterns that can be discerned in the composition of the local branches, and i…
The Progressive Republican Party of 1924-25
This article tries to make sense of the ideological position of the Progressive Republican Party of 1924-5. It does so by making two separate points.Firstly, it argues that, under the influence of the politics of the French Third Republic, the early Kemalists, like the Unionists before them, had a strong inclination to see all those who opposed their own revolutionary radicalism as reactionaries rather than as conservatives. Because conservatism …
Contextualizing the ideology of the Turkish national resistance movement
The national resistance movement that emerged in Anatolia and Thrace immediately after the end of World War I and that was eventually successful in overturning the peace settlement imposed on the Ottoman Empire by the victorious Entente, has become such an important part of the history of the emergence of the Turkish nation state, that it is studied almost exclusively in that context: as republican prehistory. As a result almost no effort has bee…
The Young Turk revolution
This article consists of a comparative analysis on the one hand, and an attempt to trace influences and connections, on the other. In the comparative part, it seeks to determine the place of the Ottoman constitutional revolution of July 1908 in the global wave of revolutions in the decade before the First World War. It accepts that there is a high degree of similarity in the liberal constitutionalist ideology of the revolutionary movements, but e…
Young Turk Governance in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War
The article analyses the system of government of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War by looking at three elements: the constitutional-parliamentarian monarchy, the Committee of Union and Progress and the army. The analysis takes place along two axes: one in which the functioning of, and the power relations between, the different institutional elements are analysed, and one based on a series of case studies of important decision-making m…
Jihad and Islam in World War I
This books investigates the background and nature of the Ottoman Jihad proclamation, but also its effects in the wider Middle East. It looks at the German hopes and British fears of a worldwide rising of Muslims in the colonial empires. It also discusses the fierce academic debates caused by the Jihad proclamation, in which the 1915 manifesto of Leiden Islam scholar Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (“Holy War Made in Germany”) played a key role. This …
Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination
Less than two weeks before Adolf Hitler's failed putsch in Munich on 8−9 November 1923, the weekly Heimatland, officially the press organ of the “Deutsche Kampfbund” but also a paper closely related to the embryonic Nazi Party, called on its front page for the establishment of an “Ankara government” in Germany (“Her die Angora-Regierung!”). The paper argued that the revival of Germany could start only far away from the capital, in Bavaria, just a…
Monologue to Conversation
Comparative studies developed late in the field of Ottoman and Turkish history and, when they did, that was due primarily to external influences: the impact of world system theory, the flowering of nationalism studies and the growth of empire studies that was triggered by the fall of the Soviet Union. The comparative methodologies employed have become progressively more sophisticated and because historians of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey are now…
Macedonians in Anatolia
The article looks at statements and acts of the core members of the Committee of Union and Progress in the run-up to the constitutional revolution of 1908 to determine whether these express ideas that later guided them in their policies in Anatolia. The main argument is that the Balkan War of 1912–13, in which the European provinces were largely lost, was an important catalyst that led to a radicalization of policies but that in fact the basic ou…
Buddhism in China
Buddhism in China gathers together for the first time the most central and influential papers of the great scholar of Chinese Buddhism, Erik Zürcher, presenting the results of his career-long profound studies following on the 1959 publication of his landmark The Buddhist Conquest of China. The translation and language of Buddhist scriptures in China, Buddhist interactions with Daoist traditions, the activities of Buddhists below elite social leve…
Introduction. The socio-economic history of ethnic violence in the late Ottoman Empire
TSEG (Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis) - The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History, is het Nederlands-Vlaamse vaktijdschrift op het gebied van de sociale en economische geschiedenis
Turkey
Norman Stone is, of course, well known for his excellent studies on Russian and European history written in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as for his strong and controversial views on many aspects of recent European and world history. Since 1997 he has held a chair of international relations at the University of Bilkent in Ankara, and he has now marked his long association with Turkey by writing an overview history of the country for a general read…
Working on Labor
Le recrutement et l'emploi des militaires en Europe, au Proche-Orient et en Asie, 1500-2000
Cet article est consacré à un groupe professionnel qui d’ordinaire n’est pas étudié par les historiens du travail. Il montre que les activités accomplies à l’armée sont aussi un type de travail, et donc que les militaires devraient être considérés comme des travailleurs – même s’il s’agit d’une catégorie spéciale de travailleurs. À partir des travaux du projet de recherche « Fighting for a living », l’article s’efforce de découvrir des régularité…
The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building
The grand narrative of The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building is that of the essential continuity of the late Ottoman Empire with the Republic of Turkey that was founded in 1923. Erik J. Zurcher shows that Kemal's 'ideological toolkit', which included positivism, militarism, nationalism and a state-centred world view, was shared by many other Young Turks. Authoritarian rule, a one-party state, a legal framework based on European principles, ad…
Atatürk as a Young Turk
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
How Europeans adopted Anatolia and created Turkey
The Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923. In the first 20 years of its existence, the political leadership of the republic embarked on a process of nation building in Anatolia and at the same time changed the face of Turkish society, stamping on it a particular brand of secular modernity. This article tries to find out what were the common characteristics of the small band of men who made up the leadership of the republic and to what extent the…
Men of Order
Nationalism, nation-building and ‘defensive modernisation’ were the main themes of the ‘cultural revolution’ underpinning the totalitarian and secular regimes of Ataturk and Reza Shah which replaced the traditional Qajar state of Iran and the long-declining Ottoman Empire. The authors trace the emergence of Ataturk and Reza Shah through the constitutional revolutions in Iran and the Ottoman Empire and the introduction of European social models, t…
Middle East Studies in the Netherlands
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
In the Yellow Tiger's Den Buglio and Magalhães at the Court of Zhang Xianzhong, 1644–1647
(2002). In the Yellow Tiger's Den Buglio and Magalhaes at the Court of Zhang Xianzhong, 1644–1647. Monumenta Serica: Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 355-374
Arming the State
Bibliographical Section A
(2000). Bibliographical Section A: Review Article: The Ottoman Twilight. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 201-207
The Unionist Factor
The Ottoman Conscription System, 1844–1914
The introduction of conscription in the Ottoman Empire of course was closely linked to the introduction of a European-style army, but it did not coincide with it. As is well known, the first attempt to create an army which was trained, equipped and dressed in the contemporary European fashion, was made by Sultan Selim III in 1792. His Nizam-i Cedid (New Order) army by all accounts was quite an impressive achievement in itself. Starting from a str…
Conscription as Military Labour
For most of the nineteenth and twentieth century, universal conscription has been by far the predominant system of military recruitment, but the phenomenon has received surprisingly little attention from social historians. This lack of attention is all the more surprising if one considers the interesting position occupied by conscription at the crossroads of wage and non-wage labour and free and unfree labour. The following articles by Khaled Fah…
The vocabulary of Muslim nationalism
This article is about the language of politics and religion in the Middle East. It argues that the national struggle of the Ottomans after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I was not aimed at the establishment of a Turkish state, as later Turkish historiography has claimed. A careful analysis of the terminology employed by the leadership of the national movement in its official documents during the early phase (1918-1920) shows that i…
The Ottoman Legacy of the Turkish Republic
Monologue to Conversation
Comparative studies developed late in the field of Ottoman and Turkish history and, when they did, that was due primarily to external influences: the impact of world system theory, the flowering of nationalism studies and the growth of empire studies that was triggered by the fall of the Soviet Union. The comparative methodologies employed have become progressively more sophisticated and because historians of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey are now…
Macedonians in Anatolia
The article looks at statements and acts of the core members of the Committee of Union and Progress in the run-up to the constitutional revolution of 1908 to determine whether these express ideas that later guided them in their policies in Anatolia. The main argument is that the Balkan War of 1912–13, in which the European provinces were largely lost, was an important catalyst that led to a radicalization of policies but that in fact the basic ou…
Atatürk as a Young Turk
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
How Europeans adopted Anatolia and created Turkey
The Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923. In the first 20 years of its existence, the political leadership of the republic embarked on a process of nation building in Anatolia and at the same time changed the face of Turkish society, stamping on it a particular brand of secular modernity. This article tries to find out what were the common characteristics of the small band of men who made up the leadership of the republic and to what extent the…
Kosovo revisited
(1999). Kosovo revisited: Sultan Resad's macedonian journey of June 1911. Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 35, Seventy-five years of the Turkish Republic, pp. 26-39
The Unionist presence in the Asiatic provinces of the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1912
This article investigates the way the Young Turk Committee of Union and Progress, which was essentially an organisation with roots in the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire and in the Western Anatolian province of Aydın, established itself in the provincial centres of Eastern Anatolia and the Arab provinces after the revolution of July 1908. It then seeks out the patterns that can be discerned in the composition of the local branches, and i…
Contextualizing the ideology of the Turkish national resistance movement
The national resistance movement that emerged in Anatolia and Thrace immediately after the end of World War I and that was eventually successful in overturning the peace settlement imposed on the Ottoman Empire by the victorious Entente, has become such an important part of the history of the emergence of the Turkish nation state, that it is studied almost exclusively in that context: as republican prehistory. As a result almost no effort has bee…
The Young Turk revolution
This article consists of a comparative analysis on the one hand, and an attempt to trace influences and connections, on the other. In the comparative part, it seeks to determine the place of the Ottoman constitutional revolution of July 1908 in the global wave of revolutions in the decade before the First World War. It accepts that there is a high degree of similarity in the liberal constitutionalist ideology of the revolutionary movements, but e…
Young Turk Governance in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War
The article analyses the system of government of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War by looking at three elements: the constitutional-parliamentarian monarchy, the Committee of Union and Progress and the army. The analysis takes place along two axes: one in which the functioning of, and the power relations between, the different institutional elements are analysed, and one based on a series of case studies of important decision-making m…
Turkey
Perspectives in the study of Chinese Buddhism
If I, first of all, may express my gratitude to the Royal Asiatic Society for its decision to institute this lecture in memory of Paul Demiéville, please believe that this is more than a ritual gesture. He, indeed, was a person to be remembered both as a man and as a scholar. I shall not speak about his human qualities, for it is impossible to do justice to them in a few words. As a scholar, he was a man of astonishing breadth of vision, as is sh…
The Chinese communes
The Chinese communes
Recent Studies On Chinese Painting
The First Anti-Christian Movement in China
The Buddhist Conquest of China
"The reprinting in 2007 of a book originally produced nearly fifty years earlier (and based on a doctoral dissertation begun in the early 1950s) is not merely a publishing event. It constitutes a milestone in the academic study of early Chinese Buddhism that shows at once both how far the field has progressed in the past half-century as well as how fundamental the book remains." (From the new Introduction.) At the repeated request of many scholar…
“Western Expansion and Chinese Reaction” a Theme Reconsidered
Buddhist Influence On Early Taoism
Perspectives in the study of Chinese Buddhism
If I, first of all, may express my gratitude to the Royal Asiatic Society for its decision to institute this lecture in memory of Paul Demiéville, please believe that this is more than a ritual gesture. He, indeed, was a person to be remembered both as a man and as a scholar. I shall not speak about his human qualities, for it is impossible to do justice to them in a few words. As a scholar, he was a man of astonishing breadth of vision, as is sh…
Research on the 17th century Mission in China and the Chinese Reaction
At the beginning of the current academic year (1982–1983) the department of Chinese Studies at Leiden University initiated a research project on the early (17th century) Jesuit mission in China and the Chinese reactions to it
The Unionist Contribution to the National Resistance Movement
The Unionist Factor
Mahâ-Cîna
Zürcher Erik. Mahâ-Cîna : la réinterprétation bouddhique de l'histoire de la Chine. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 129e année, N. 3, 1985. pp. 477-492
Die Turkei im Spannungsfeld extremer Ideologien (1973-1980). Eine Untersuchung der politischen Verhaltnisse
Young Turk memoirs as a historical source
Historians of the Western world generally take it for granted that good historical research, especially when it is concerned with the modern period, has to be based on primary sources. In the language of the historian this nearly always means archives. For the historian of the Middle East, however, it is often impossible to consult the relevant archives. The older collections are often inadequately systematized or catalogued and the modern archiv…
TWO. Buddhism and Education in T'ang Times
Thought and law in Qin and Han China
This volume brings together a number of important studies by leading scholars on various aspects of intellectual and institutional developments during the early Chinese empire. The subjects treated cover law and ritual (J.L. Kroll, Jacques Gernet, Léon Vandermeersch and M.J. Meijer), philosophy and religion (Derk Bodde, U. Libbrecht, Robert P. Kramers and E. Zürcher) and literature and entertainments (David Knechtges and Michael Loewe). Some cont…
The Jesuit Mission in Fujian in Late Ming Times
The Qttoman Legacy of the Turkish Republic
The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880 - 1925
Political Opposition in the Early Turkish Republic. The Progressive Republican Party 1924 - 1925
The Ottoman Legacy of the Turkish Republic
Norms and the State in China
The central theme of this volume is the Chinese concept of chiao-hua, "Transformation by Instruction": the ancient idea that moral guidance in all spheres of life is one of the most essential tasks of leadership at all levels, from the central government down to local elites. Within this general perspective nineteen scholars of various disciplinary backgrounds have treated topics ranging from the regulation of conspicuous consumption in Ming time…
Turkey
This revised edition builds upon and updates the twin themes of Turkey's continuing incorporation into the capitalist world and the modernization of state and society. It begins with the forging of closer links with Europe after the French Revolution, and the changing face of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. In his account of the period since 1950, Zürcher focuses on the growth of mass politics; the three military coups; the issue of Turke…
In Memoriam
Political Opposition in the Early Turkish Republic
In Memoriam Anthony Hulsewé (1910-1993)
Political science (45 obras) · History (39 obras) · Law (33 obras) · Ancient history (30 obras) · Turkey's Politics and Society (24 obras) · Philosophy (23 obras) · Politics (23 obras) · History (21 obras) · Chinese history and philosophy (19 obras) · Sociology (17 obras)