Michael J Kral
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3693524 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Michael J Kral |
| PRENOMES | Michael J |
| SOBRENOME | Kral |
| ASSINATURA | KRAL M J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Wayne State University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 29 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 203 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1988 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Law Enforcement and Suicide Calls for Service
Suicide incidents that rise to the level of crisis requiring a LE response is understudied in both the suicide and LE literature. Increasing the sophistication of call report documentation procedures would allow for communities to deepen their understanding of how suicide manifests and could create pathways to non-institutionalized care
Navigating between two the worlds of school and ‘being on the land’
This qualitative study examines two contexts shaping circumpolar Indigenous young people's contemporary lives. In Arctic North America, the recent, rapid experiences of colonization are linked to disproportionately high rates of youth suicide. It is important to understand how different contexts, central to identity narratives, enhance or challenge resilience: the negotiated capacity to overcome hardship. We examine two settings: school and the l…
Participatory Action Research
Community Participation as an Ethical Principle for Research
There is a long history of research with Indigenous peoples by outsiders, and many Indigenous communities have felt exploited. Terms such as drive-by research have been used, as well as expressions such as “we have been researched to death.” Anthropology itself has been accused of spying, and Vine Deloria asked anthropologists to “become productive members” in an Indigenous community “instead of ideological vultures” treating people as objects. A…
Reflecting on Participatory, Action‐Oriented Research Methods in Community Psychology
Highlights Participatory action research (PAR) remains an underutilized methodology in community mental health. PAR embodies the type of approach needed to improve the system‐level impacts of community psychology. The contexts of PAR are changing and how PAR is understood and taught need to change with them
A Systematic Review of Research Strategies Used in Qualitative Studies on School Bullying and Victimization
School bullying and victimization are serious social problems in schools. Most empirical studies on bullying and peer victimization are quantitative and examine the prevalence of bullying, associated risk and protective factors, and negative outcomes. Conversely, there is limited qualitative research on the experiences of children and adolescents related to school bullying and victimization. We review qualitative research on school bullying and v…
Seeing suicidology in a new light
We are pleased to introduce this special issue of Death Studies, which showcases original research, theoretical contributions, and critical reflexivity under the banner of critical suicidology. The
Pathways From Bullying Perpetration, Victimization, and Bully Victimization to Suicidality Among School-Aged Youth
In the wake of several highly publicized adolescent suicides attributed to bullying victimization, national attention has been brought to bear on the profound public health problem of bullying. This article reviews the extant literature on the associations between bullying perpetration, victimization, and thoughts of or attempts at suicide and proposes five potential mediators, namely depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, loneliness, and hopeless…
Unikkaartuit
Inuit in Arctic Canada have one of the highest suicide rates in the world. Most of these suicides occur among youth, especially males, between the ages of 15 and 24. The goal of this study was to gain an understanding of Inuit experiences with suicide and what suicide means to Inuit, including suicide attempters and bereaved survivors. Fifty Inuit between the ages of 14 and 94 were interviewed about suicides in two communities in Nunavut. Sixty-t…
Re-Thinking Youth Suicide
In this article we set out the context and provide the theoretical resources for re-thinking youth suicide as a sociocultural, political, and relational issue. Drawing on recent high profile youth suicides as reference points, we aim to illuminate some of the complex relational processes and sociopolitical conditions that may make some lives more ‘unlivable’ than others. We adopt a social constructionist perspective to argue that experiences of d…
Ethnography in Community Psychology
Community psychology recognizes the need for research methods that illuminate context, culture, diversity, and process. One such method, ethnography, has crossed into multiple disciplines from anthropology, and indeed, community psychologists are becoming community ethnographers. Ethnographic work stands at the intersection of bridging universal questions with the particularities of people and groups bounded in time, geographic location, and soci…
Exposure to Suicide Movies and Suicide Attempts
Research on the impact of exposure to suicide movies on suicidality has been marked by three limitations. It is largely based on (1) aggregate data subject to the ecological fallacy, (2) exposure to a single movie, and (3) relative lack of controls for psychological states and social factors linked to suicide. The present study addresses these gaps. It follows a modified Beach method and assesses the impact of cumulative, voluntary exposure to su…
Arctic indigenous youth resilience and vulnerability
Arctic peoples today find themselves on the front line of rapid environmental change brought about by globalizing forces, shifting climates, and destabilizing physical conditions. The weather is not the only thing undergoing rapid change here. Social climates are intrinsically connected to physical climates, and changes within each have profound effects on the daily life, health, and well-being of circumpolar indigenous peoples. This paper descri…
Tunngajuq
As part of a cross-national collaborative study of resilience among circumpolar youth, we examined the life experiences, stressors, and coping or resilience strategies of Inuit youth in the community of Igloolik, Nunavut, Canada. An Inuit steering committee was formed with youth, adults, and one elder. The steering committee led this project in the community, informing community members of progress and helping direct all aspects of the study from…
Mapping resilience pathways of Indigenous youth in five circumpolar communities
This introduction to the Special Issue Indigenous Youth Resilience in the Arctic reviews relevant resilience theory and research, with particular attention to Arctic Indigenous youth. Current perspectives on resilience, as well as the role of social determinants, and community resilience processes in understanding resilience in Indigenous circumpolar settings are reviewed. The distinctive role for qualitative inquiry in understanding these framew…
The Relational Motif in Participatory Qualitative Research
The relationship between researchers and the researched is at the center of qualitative research, particularly participatory research. In this article, I describe the nature of this relationship in Indigenous communities, where there is a history of problematic research relationships. Indigenous and other research funding agencies are increasingly adding participation/collaboration as an ethical principal for research. Reasons for this are review…
The Weight on Our Shoulders Is Too Much, and We Are Falling
Inuit youth suicide is at an epidemic level in the circumpolar north. Rapid culture change has left Inuit in a state of coloniality that destabilized their kin-based social organization, and in spite of advances in self-governance social problems such as suicide continue. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork I carried out in Nunavut, Canada (2004-2005), including 27 interviews with Inuit between the ages of 17 and 61, I examine male youth in particu…
Postcolonial Suicide Among Inuit in Arctic Canada
Suicide Studies and the Need for Mixed Methods Research
The research method in suicide studies has been primarily quantitative, and suicide remains without an adequate or accepted general theory that incorporates multiple disciplines and perspectives. Dependence on quantitative research limits an understanding of the complexity of suicide. This article argues for the use of mixed methods for suicide research. Three key topics in suicide research are highlighted: risk factors for suicide, efficacy of s…
Culture and Community Psychology
Interest is growing in community psychology to look more closely at culture. Culture has resided in community psychology in its emphasis on context, ecology, and diversity, however we believe that the field will benefit from a more explicit focus on culture. We suggest a cultural approach that values the community's points of view and an understanding of shared and divergent meanings, goals, and norms within a theory of empowerment. Furthermore, …
Unikkaartuit
Suicide among young Inuit in the Canadian Arctic is at an epidemic level. In order to understand the distress and well-being experienced in Inuit communities, a first step in understanding collective suicide, this qualitative study was designed. Fifty Inuit were interviewed in two Inuit communities in Nunavut, Canada, and questionnaires asking the same questions were given to 66 high school and college students. The areas of life investigated her…
Hummocks
Practicing participatory action research.
This article provides an overview of several core theoretical and practical aspects of participatory action research (PAR). An effort is made to define PAR and the types of work that fall under that rubric. Historical underpinnings, roles of the individuals involved, contexts, methods, and the challenges and benefits of this mode of inquiry are discussed. The authors argue that the approach and mindset of the researcher, referred to here as a typ…
Core Versus Periphery
Popular conceptions of Hindu Indian womanhood suggest that these women are best conceptualized within a network of social roles. These conceptions, for the large part, are based on ideological descriptions or normative patterns, depict Indian women as a homogeneous group, and are relatively static. Conceptualized within the framework of existential philosophy, in this article we explore an urban middle-class Hindu woman's conceptions of herself a…
Suicide and the Internalization of Culture
Despite much writing and discussion on suicide that gives credence to the importance of a multidimensional perspective, the current view of suicide continues to be strongly person-centered. Examining suicide from a cultural vantage point, three questions are suggested for investigation concerning (1) the internalization of the idea of suicide, (2) individual and collective vulnerability to this idea, and (3) the 'great origin myth' in suicidology…
Unikkaartuit
Suicide among young Inuit in the Canadian Arctic is at an epidemic level. In order to understand the distress and well-being experienced in Inuit communities, a first step in understanding collective suicide, this qualitative study was designed. Fifty Inuit were interviewed in two Inuit communities in Nunavut, Canada, and questionnaires asking the same questions were given to 66 high school and college students. The areas of life investigated her…
Suicide and the Internalization of Culture
Despite much writing and discussion on suicide that gives credence to the importance of a multidimensional perspective, the current view of suicide continues to be strongly person-centered. Examining suicide from a cultural vantage point, three questions are suggested for investigation concerning (1) the internalization of the idea of suicide, (2) individual and collective vulnerability to this idea, and (3) the 'great origin myth' in suicidology…
Reflecting on Participatory, Action‐Oriented Research Methods in Community Psychology
Highlights Participatory action research (PAR) remains an underutilized methodology in community mental health. PAR embodies the type of approach needed to improve the system‐level impacts of community psychology. The contexts of PAR are changing and how PAR is understood and taught need to change with them
Mapping resilience pathways of Indigenous youth in five circumpolar communities
This introduction to the Special Issue Indigenous Youth Resilience in the Arctic reviews relevant resilience theory and research, with particular attention to Arctic Indigenous youth. Current perspectives on resilience, as well as the role of social determinants, and community resilience processes in understanding resilience in Indigenous circumpolar settings are reviewed. The distinctive role for qualitative inquiry in understanding these framew…
The Relational Motif in Participatory Qualitative Research
The relationship between researchers and the researched is at the center of qualitative research, particularly participatory research. In this article, I describe the nature of this relationship in Indigenous communities, where there is a history of problematic research relationships. Indigenous and other research funding agencies are increasingly adding participation/collaboration as an ethical principal for research. Reasons for this are review…
Culture and Community Psychology
Interest is growing in community psychology to look more closely at culture. Culture has resided in community psychology in its emphasis on context, ecology, and diversity, however we believe that the field will benefit from a more explicit focus on culture. We suggest a cultural approach that values the community's points of view and an understanding of shared and divergent meanings, goals, and norms within a theory of empowerment. Furthermore, …
Tunngajuq
As part of a cross-national collaborative study of resilience among circumpolar youth, we examined the life experiences, stressors, and coping or resilience strategies of Inuit youth in the community of Igloolik, Nunavut, Canada. An Inuit steering committee was formed with youth, adults, and one elder. The steering committee led this project in the community, informing community members of progress and helping direct all aspects of the study from…
Ethnography in Community Psychology
Community psychology recognizes the need for research methods that illuminate context, culture, diversity, and process. One such method, ethnography, has crossed into multiple disciplines from anthropology, and indeed, community psychologists are becoming community ethnographers. Ethnographic work stands at the intersection of bridging universal questions with the particularities of people and groups bounded in time, geographic location, and soci…
Suicide Studies and the Need for Mixed Methods Research
The research method in suicide studies has been primarily quantitative, and suicide remains without an adequate or accepted general theory that incorporates multiple disciplines and perspectives. Dependence on quantitative research limits an understanding of the complexity of suicide. This article argues for the use of mixed methods for suicide research. Three key topics in suicide research are highlighted: risk factors for suicide, efficacy of s…
Core Versus Periphery
Popular conceptions of Hindu Indian womanhood suggest that these women are best conceptualized within a network of social roles. These conceptions, for the large part, are based on ideological descriptions or normative patterns, depict Indian women as a homogeneous group, and are relatively static. Conceptualized within the framework of existential philosophy, in this article we explore an urban middle-class Hindu woman's conceptions of herself a…
The Weight on Our Shoulders Is Too Much, and We Are Falling
Inuit youth suicide is at an epidemic level in the circumpolar north. Rapid culture change has left Inuit in a state of coloniality that destabilized their kin-based social organization, and in spite of advances in self-governance social problems such as suicide continue. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork I carried out in Nunavut, Canada (2004-2005), including 27 interviews with Inuit between the ages of 17 and 61, I examine male youth in particu…
Arctic indigenous youth resilience and vulnerability
Arctic peoples today find themselves on the front line of rapid environmental change brought about by globalizing forces, shifting climates, and destabilizing physical conditions. The weather is not the only thing undergoing rapid change here. Social climates are intrinsically connected to physical climates, and changes within each have profound effects on the daily life, health, and well-being of circumpolar indigenous peoples. This paper descri…
Navigating between two the worlds of school and ‘being on the land’
This qualitative study examines two contexts shaping circumpolar Indigenous young people's contemporary lives. In Arctic North America, the recent, rapid experiences of colonization are linked to disproportionately high rates of youth suicide. It is important to understand how different contexts, central to identity narratives, enhance or challenge resilience: the negotiated capacity to overcome hardship. We examine two settings: school and the l…
Re-Thinking Youth Suicide
In this article we set out the context and provide the theoretical resources for re-thinking youth suicide as a sociocultural, political, and relational issue. Drawing on recent high profile youth suicides as reference points, we aim to illuminate some of the complex relational processes and sociopolitical conditions that may make some lives more ‘unlivable’ than others. We adopt a social constructionist perspective to argue that experiences of d…
Clinical model for suicide risk assessment
The assessment of an individual's risk for suicide is one of the clinician's most challenging tasks. Recent advances in both research and theory on suicide offer some guidelines to those who work with suicidal patients, including viewing risk assessment us an ongoing feature of treatment. Assessment is presented in a two-tiered model comprising background/contextual factors and subjectivity. The clinical assessment of subjectivity is formulated a…
Exposure to Suicide Movies and Suicide Attempts
Research on the impact of exposure to suicide movies on suicidality has been marked by three limitations. It is largely based on (1) aggregate data subject to the ecological fallacy, (2) exposure to a single movie, and (3) relative lack of controls for psychological states and social factors linked to suicide. The present study addresses these gaps. It follows a modified Beach method and assesses the impact of cumulative, voluntary exposure to su…
More on Goddard and the Kallikak family photographs
More on Goddard and the Kallikak family photographs
Family psychoeducational support groups in schizophrenia
Family members of 55 patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to a psychoeducational support group or to a control group. Support group participants showed greater knowledge of schizophrenia and greater satisfaction with health care services than did control group members. Psychological distress, coping behavior, and family satisfaction did not appear affected by support group participation; nor were support groups associated with lower…
Clinical model for suicide risk assessment
The assessment of an individual's risk for suicide is one of the clinician's most challenging tasks. Recent advances in both research and theory on suicide offer some guidelines to those who work with suicidal patients, including viewing risk assessment us an ongoing feature of treatment. Assessment is presented in a two-tiered model comprising background/contextual factors and subjectivity. The clinical assessment of subjectivity is formulated a…
Suicide and the Internalization of Culture
Despite much writing and discussion on suicide that gives credence to the importance of a multidimensional perspective, the current view of suicide continues to be strongly person-centered. Examining suicide from a cultural vantage point, three questions are suggested for investigation concerning (1) the internalization of the idea of suicide, (2) individual and collective vulnerability to this idea, and (3) the 'great origin myth' in suicidology…
Core Versus Periphery
Popular conceptions of Hindu Indian womanhood suggest that these women are best conceptualized within a network of social roles. These conceptions, for the large part, are based on ideological descriptions or normative patterns, depict Indian women as a homogeneous group, and are relatively static. Conceptualized within the framework of existential philosophy, in this article we explore an urban middle-class Hindu woman's conceptions of herself a…
Practicing participatory action research.
This article provides an overview of several core theoretical and practical aspects of participatory action research (PAR). An effort is made to define PAR and the types of work that fall under that rubric. Historical underpinnings, roles of the individuals involved, contexts, methods, and the challenges and benefits of this mode of inquiry are discussed. The authors argue that the approach and mindset of the researcher, referred to here as a typ…
Hummocks
Suicide Studies and the Need for Mixed Methods Research
The research method in suicide studies has been primarily quantitative, and suicide remains without an adequate or accepted general theory that incorporates multiple disciplines and perspectives. Dependence on quantitative research limits an understanding of the complexity of suicide. This article argues for the use of mixed methods for suicide research. Three key topics in suicide research are highlighted: risk factors for suicide, efficacy of s…
Culture and Community Psychology
Interest is growing in community psychology to look more closely at culture. Culture has resided in community psychology in its emphasis on context, ecology, and diversity, however we believe that the field will benefit from a more explicit focus on culture. We suggest a cultural approach that values the community's points of view and an understanding of shared and divergent meanings, goals, and norms within a theory of empowerment. Furthermore, …
Unikkaartuit
Suicide among young Inuit in the Canadian Arctic is at an epidemic level. In order to understand the distress and well-being experienced in Inuit communities, a first step in understanding collective suicide, this qualitative study was designed. Fifty Inuit were interviewed in two Inuit communities in Nunavut, Canada, and questionnaires asking the same questions were given to 66 high school and college students. The areas of life investigated her…
Postcolonial Suicide Among Inuit in Arctic Canada
The Weight on Our Shoulders Is Too Much, and We Are Falling
Inuit youth suicide is at an epidemic level in the circumpolar north. Rapid culture change has left Inuit in a state of coloniality that destabilized their kin-based social organization, and in spite of advances in self-governance social problems such as suicide continue. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork I carried out in Nunavut, Canada (2004-2005), including 27 interviews with Inuit between the ages of 17 and 61, I examine male youth in particu…
Unikkaartuit
Inuit in Arctic Canada have one of the highest suicide rates in the world. Most of these suicides occur among youth, especially males, between the ages of 15 and 24. The goal of this study was to gain an understanding of Inuit experiences with suicide and what suicide means to Inuit, including suicide attempters and bereaved survivors. Fifty Inuit between the ages of 14 and 94 were interviewed about suicides in two communities in Nunavut. Sixty-t…
Re-Thinking Youth Suicide
In this article we set out the context and provide the theoretical resources for re-thinking youth suicide as a sociocultural, political, and relational issue. Drawing on recent high profile youth suicides as reference points, we aim to illuminate some of the complex relational processes and sociopolitical conditions that may make some lives more ‘unlivable’ than others. We adopt a social constructionist perspective to argue that experiences of d…
Ethnography in Community Psychology
Community psychology recognizes the need for research methods that illuminate context, culture, diversity, and process. One such method, ethnography, has crossed into multiple disciplines from anthropology, and indeed, community psychologists are becoming community ethnographers. Ethnographic work stands at the intersection of bridging universal questions with the particularities of people and groups bounded in time, geographic location, and soci…
Exposure to Suicide Movies and Suicide Attempts
Research on the impact of exposure to suicide movies on suicidality has been marked by three limitations. It is largely based on (1) aggregate data subject to the ecological fallacy, (2) exposure to a single movie, and (3) relative lack of controls for psychological states and social factors linked to suicide. The present study addresses these gaps. It follows a modified Beach method and assesses the impact of cumulative, voluntary exposure to su…
Arctic indigenous youth resilience and vulnerability
Arctic peoples today find themselves on the front line of rapid environmental change brought about by globalizing forces, shifting climates, and destabilizing physical conditions. The weather is not the only thing undergoing rapid change here. Social climates are intrinsically connected to physical climates, and changes within each have profound effects on the daily life, health, and well-being of circumpolar indigenous peoples. This paper descri…
Tunngajuq
As part of a cross-national collaborative study of resilience among circumpolar youth, we examined the life experiences, stressors, and coping or resilience strategies of Inuit youth in the community of Igloolik, Nunavut, Canada. An Inuit steering committee was formed with youth, adults, and one elder. The steering committee led this project in the community, informing community members of progress and helping direct all aspects of the study from…
Mapping resilience pathways of Indigenous youth in five circumpolar communities
This introduction to the Special Issue Indigenous Youth Resilience in the Arctic reviews relevant resilience theory and research, with particular attention to Arctic Indigenous youth. Current perspectives on resilience, as well as the role of social determinants, and community resilience processes in understanding resilience in Indigenous circumpolar settings are reviewed. The distinctive role for qualitative inquiry in understanding these framew…
The Relational Motif in Participatory Qualitative Research
The relationship between researchers and the researched is at the center of qualitative research, particularly participatory research. In this article, I describe the nature of this relationship in Indigenous communities, where there is a history of problematic research relationships. Indigenous and other research funding agencies are increasingly adding participation/collaboration as an ethical principal for research. Reasons for this are review…
Pathways From Bullying Perpetration, Victimization, and Bully Victimization to Suicidality Among School-Aged Youth
In the wake of several highly publicized adolescent suicides attributed to bullying victimization, national attention has been brought to bear on the profound public health problem of bullying. This article reviews the extant literature on the associations between bullying perpetration, victimization, and thoughts of or attempts at suicide and proposes five potential mediators, namely depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, loneliness, and hopeless…
A Systematic Review of Research Strategies Used in Qualitative Studies on School Bullying and Victimization
School bullying and victimization are serious social problems in schools. Most empirical studies on bullying and peer victimization are quantitative and examine the prevalence of bullying, associated risk and protective factors, and negative outcomes. Conversely, there is limited qualitative research on the experiences of children and adolescents related to school bullying and victimization. We review qualitative research on school bullying and v…
Seeing suicidology in a new light
We are pleased to introduce this special issue of Death Studies, which showcases original research, theoretical contributions, and critical reflexivity under the banner of critical suicidology. The
Community Participation as an Ethical Principle for Research
There is a long history of research with Indigenous peoples by outsiders, and many Indigenous communities have felt exploited. Terms such as drive-by research have been used, as well as expressions such as “we have been researched to death.” Anthropology itself has been accused of spying, and Vine Deloria asked anthropologists to “become productive members” in an Indigenous community “instead of ideological vultures” treating people as objects. A…
Psychology (21 obras) · Sociology (21 obras) · Social Psychology (13 obras) · Political science (12 obras) · Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights (11 obras) · Medicine (10 obras) · Community Health and Development (9 obras) · Indigenous Studies and Ecology (9 obras) · Poison control (9 obras) · Social science (9 obras)