Ilan Noy
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3700054 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Ilan Noy |
| PRENOMES | Ilan |
| SOBRENOME | Noy |
| ASSINATURA | NOY I |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Victoria University of Wellington |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3214-6568 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 138 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2005 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Shock responses
We examine how households responded to shocks (such as floods) in Malawi from 2003 to 2020. We find that rural households and those with lower education levels are more likely to respond to shocks in ways that reinforce poverty cycles, such as by selling productive assets. Our findings are nuanced; while rural households are 2 percent more likely to adopt poverty-reinforcing responses in general, they are 5 percent less likely to reduce food expe…
Bonding social capital, disaster experience, and post‐disaster giving in Japan
When are people willing to donate their time or money after a disaster? We investigate the psychological and socio‐economic determinants of post‐disaster giving in Japan, using a nationally representative panel survey of more than 7,000 respondents, conducted repeatedly from early 2020, including after the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake. We examine how individual characteristics—including past disaster experience, social capital (trust, reciproci…
Climate change, hurricanes, and sovereign debt in the Caribbean basin
Caribbean Islands are exposed to hurricanes, the damage from which is projected to intensify due to anthropogenic climate change. The Caribbean region is also highly indebted; and so we focus on the interaction between climate change, hurricanes, and public debt. We investigate what has been the increase in public debt following Caribbean hurricanes, and how has anthropogenic climate change shaped this increase. We show that for the ten most seve…
Vaccination decisions and social capital in Japan
The COVID-19 vaccines played a pivotal role in safeguarding many people. Yet, vaccine hesitancy remained a significant barrier to increasing coverage rates, as many high-income countries faced prolonged vaccine refusal campaigns. In Japan, vaccine doses were administered under a reservation system accessible via a website and by phone. Achieving a high vaccination coverage for a vaccine that was offered at no financial cost was surprisingly diffi…
Climate change and federal aid disbursements after Hurricane Harvey
The role climate change plays in increasing the burden placed on governments and insurers to pay for recovery has not been extensively explored and is the focus of this study. This study examines the impacts of climate change attributed flooding on federal disaster aid disbursement in Harris County, Texas following Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Our approach uses flood models to estimate the amount of flood damages attributable and not attributable to…
Individuals’ emigration from Christchurch city after the 2010–2011 earthquakes
We investigate the likelihood of individuals emigrating (internally over short distances, internally over long distances and internationally) from Christchurch following the 2010–2011 earthquakes that hit the city. We consider their socio-economic and demographic characteristics to see how these are associated with their migration decisions. To achieve this, we employed a difference-in-differences (DiD) approach and estimated a multinomial logist…
Impact of Canterbury earthquakes on well-being in New Zealand
This study examines the impacts of earthquakes on individual subjective well-being, using data from New Zealand's General Social Survey and a difference-in-difference-in-difference approach. By matching this with Earthquake Commission insurance claims, we could analyse the micro-level effects of the 2010-11 Canterbury (New Zealand) earthquakes. Our findings reveal that life satisfaction consistently declined in affected areas, emphasising its sen…
Extreme Events and Inter-state Migration in India
Extreme events-induced migration is a growing concern for low- and middle-income countries due to the increased variability in the weather and the rise in the number of disasters associated with climate change. The objective of this article is to examine the interlinkages between weather, disasters, and migration, in India. To examine the bi-directional flow of migrants across Indian states, we estimate gravity models with Poisson Pseudo Maximum …
The impact of the Christchurch earthquakes (2010–2011) on labour productivity in the Canterbury region in New Zealand
We examine the impact of the earthquake sequence in 2010–2012 on labour productivity in New Zealand's Canterbury region, utilising a dynamic Difference-in-Differences approach and a comprehensive administrative dataset of all firms operating in New Zealand. We find a statistically significant and large positive effect on labour productivity in Christchurch City, particularly in the construction sector. This led to an observable increase in overal…
The global costs of extreme weather that are attributable to climate change
Extreme weather events lead to significant adverse societal costs. Extreme Event Attribution (EEA), a methodology that examines how anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions had changed the occurrence of specific extreme weather events, allows us to quantify the climate change-induced component of these costs. We collect data from all available EEA studies, combine these with data on the socio-economic costs of these events and extrapolate for missi…
Impact of Droughts on Farms’ Financing Choices
The interaction between climate change, agriculture, and financial markets is a topic that has been researched relatively little thus far. This paper intends to extend the literature by empirically testing the relationships between droughts and farms’ financing choices (measured in terms of real debt and equity) in New Zealand. Using microeconomic farm-level financial records available from the tax authorities, we quantify how past droughts (meas…
Event attribution is ready to inform loss and damage negotiations
Fifty years of peril
We compare the realised impact of terrorism and disasters linked to natural hazards. Using 50 years of data from two databases covering most of the global population, we find that natural hazard disasters were more than 20 times more impactful than terrorism. The former had a larger realised impact in all regions in both gross and per capita terms. The largest cross‐peril difference was in Asia, where natural hazard disasters took 324 million lif…
Past experience of drought, drought risk perception, and climate mitigation and adaptation decisions by farmers in New Zealand
We analyze the perception of farmers in New Zealand with regards to future drought risk as shaped by climatic change and the implications of these perceptions for climate mitigation and adaptation actions that these farmers choose to pursue. The policy options examined include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening climate resilience, and using water resources more efficiently. Almost all farmers in New Zealand expect an increase in dro…
The income consequences of a managed retreat
Managed retreat is the relocation of households out of harm's way. After the 2011 Christchurch (New Zealand) earthquake, around 16000 people were thus relocated in a managed retreat program. We use administrative panel data (2004–2018) to identify the effects of this managed retreat on the relocated population. We find that, compared to the non-relocated residents, the relocated population experienced a significant initial decrease in their wages…
The Japanese textile sector and the influenza pandemic of 1918–1920
The ongoing global pandemic has brought into sharp relief the possible interactions between the epidemiology of a virus, the structure of the economy and society that becomes exposed to it, and the actions chosen by government, individuals, and communities to combat it or ameliorate its economic impact. Surprisingly, there has not been sufficient research on these economic and policy interactions of the 1918–1920 influenza pandemic—the deadliest …
Heat Waves and Innovation in Air Conditioning in the United States
This study investigates whether extreme heat episodes (heat waves) have contributed to the development of air conditioning (AC) technology in the United States. To this end, we use weather data to identify days at which heat and relative humidity were above levels comfortable to the human body, and match these with patent data at the county level for nearly a hundred years. We find that in the 2 years after a county has experienced extreme heat A…
Business recovery from disasters
This paper compares economic recovery in the COVID-19 pandemic with other types of disasters, at the scale of businesses. As countries around the world struggle to emerge from the pandemic, studies of business impact and recovery have proliferated; however, pandemic research is often undertaken without the benefit of insights from long-standing research on past large-scale disruptive events, such as floods, storms, and earthquakes. This paper bui…
A Comprehensive Measure of Lifeyears Lost due to Covid‐19 in 2020
Typically, disaster damages are measured separately in four dimensions: fatalities, injuries, dislocations, and the financial damage that they wreak. Noy (2016) developed a lifeyears index of disaster damage which aggregates these disparate measures. Here, we use this lifeyears index to assess the costs of the COVID‐19 pandemic across countries and compare these costs to the average annual costs of all other disasters that have occurred in all co…
Floods and Spillovers
In 2011, Thailand experienced its worst flood ever. Using repeated waves of the Thai Household Socio-Economic Survey, we analyze the flood’s economic impacts. In 2012, households answered a set of questions on the extent of flooding they experienced. We use this self-identified flood exposure and external exposure indicators from satellite images to identify both households that were directly affected and those that were not directly flooded but …
Prioritising earthquake retrofitting in Wellington, New Zealand
This study describes the application of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to prioritise the seismic risk mitigation of existing buildings in earthquake-prone Wellington, New Zealand. Through retrofitting or demolition, this is an important requirement in many cities around the Pacific Rim and in other high-level seismic hazard locations. The prioritisation strategy proposed here, based on MCDA methods, can provide decision-makers with a fas…
Wellbeing after a managed retreat
Measuring the Economic Risk of Covid‐19
We measure the economic risk of COVID‐19 at a geo‐spatially detailed resolution. In addition to data about the current prevalence of confirmed cases, we use data from 2014–2018 and a conceptual disaster risk model to compute measures for exposure, vulnerability, and resilience of the local economy to the shock of the epidemic. Using a battery of proxies for these four concepts, we calculate the hazard, the principal components of exposure and vul…
Earthquake-induced transportation disruption and economic performance
Risk, poverty or politics? The determinants of subnational public spending allocation for adaptive disaster risk reduction in Bangladesh
The macroeconomic consequences of disasters
The Economics of Natural Disasters
Natural disasters are by no means new, yet the evolving understanding of their relevance to economic development and growth is still in its infancy. This paper summarizes the state of the economic literature examining the aggregate impact of disasters. The paper reviews the main disaster data sources available, discusses the determinants of the direct effects of disasters, and distinguishes between short- and long-run indirect effects. The paper …
Risk, poverty or politics? The determinants of subnational public spending allocation for adaptive disaster risk reduction in Bangladesh
Sudden stops and the Mexican wave
Inflation Targeting and Real Exchange Rates in Emerging Markets
Comparing earthquake insurance programmes
Earthquakes are insured in high-risk high-income countries only if the public sector is involved. Prototypical examples are the insurance schemes in California (United States), Japan, and New Zealand, but each is structured differently. This paper examines these variations using a concrete case study: the sequence of earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2010-11-the most heavily insured seismic event in history. It assesses what would have…
Is foreign direct investment good for growth? Evidence from sectoral analysis of China and Vietnam
We estimate the impact of FDI on growth using sectoral data for FDI inflows to China and Vietnam. Previous empirical studies, using either cross-country growth regressions or firm-level micro-econometric analysis, fail to reach a consensus. Our paper is the first to use sectoral FDI inflow data to evaluate the sector-specific impact of FDI on growth. Our results show that, for the two developing-transition economies we examine, FDI has a statisti…
The 1960 Tsunami in Hawaii
Earthquake-strengthening policy for commercial buildings in small-town New Zealand
New Zealand introduced a seismic retrofitting policy in the wake of the catastrophic Canterbury earthquakes of 2010-11. The aim was to enforce seismic strengthening of earthquake-prone commercial buildings throughout the country. This study focuses on regional urban centres and the economic obstacles to strengthening their aging building stock. In investigating one town, Whanganui, we describe conditions, analyse cases, and identify incentives th…
The impact of the Christchurch earthquakes (2010–2011) on labour productivity in the Canterbury region in New Zealand
We examine the impact of the earthquake sequence in 2010–2012 on labour productivity in New Zealand's Canterbury region, utilising a dynamic Difference-in-Differences approach and a comprehensive administrative dataset of all firms operating in New Zealand. We find a statistically significant and large positive effect on labour productivity in Christchurch City, particularly in the construction sector. This led to an observable increase in overal…
Earthquake-induced transportation disruption and economic performance
Measuring the impact of insurance on urban earthquake recovery using nightlights
We measure the longer-term effect of a major earthquake on the local economy, using night-time light intensity, and focus on the role of insurance payments for damaged residential property in the recovery process. The destructive Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (2010–2011) in New Zealand is our case study. Uniquely, for this event, >95% of residential housing units were covered by insurance and almost all incurred some damage. However, insurance p…
Sudden stops and the Mexican wave
Is foreign direct investment good for growth? Evidence from sectoral analysis of China and Vietnam
We estimate the impact of FDI on growth using sectoral data for FDI inflows to China and Vietnam. Previous empirical studies, using either cross-country growth regressions or firm-level micro-econometric analysis, fail to reach a consensus. Our paper is the first to use sectoral FDI inflow data to evaluate the sector-specific impact of FDI on growth. Our results show that, for the two developing-transition economies we examine, FDI has a statisti…
The macroeconomic consequences of disasters
The Economics of Natural Disasters
Natural disasters are by no means new, yet the evolving understanding of their relevance to economic development and growth is still in its infancy. This paper summarizes the state of the economic literature examining the aggregate impact of disasters. The paper reviews the main disaster data sources available, discusses the determinants of the direct effects of disasters, and distinguishes between short- and long-run indirect effects. The paper …
Inflation Targeting and Real Exchange Rates in Emerging Markets
Natural Disasters and the Economy — A Survey
This paper surveys the state of the economic literature examining the aggregate impacts of natural disasters. The paper reviews the main disaster data sources available, discusses the determinants of the direct effects of disasters, and distinguishes between short- and long-run indirect effects. The paper then examines some of the relevant policy questions and follows up with a survey of current projections about the likelihood of future disaster…
Catastrophic Natural Disasters and Economic Growth
We examine the average causal impact of catastrophic natural disasters on economic growth by combining information from comparative case studies. For each country affected by a large disaster, we compute the counterfactual by constructing synthetic controls. We find that only extremely large disasters have a negative effect on output in both the short and the long runs. However, we also show that this results from two events where radical politic…
Natural Disasters and Economic Policy for the Pacific Rim
This chapter examines the economics of natural disasters in the context of the Pacific Rim. It summarizes the recent experience of the region with natural disasters and analyzes evidence on the possible impacts of climate change. It discusses the concept of the so-called “creative destruction” and the role of the financial markets, such as providing insurance for disasters and financial instruments for rebuilding. This chapter also considers the …
What Happened to Kobe? A Reassessment of the Impact of the 1995 Earthquake in Japan
The conventional wisdom that the devastation wrought by the 1995 Kobe (Great Hanshin-Awaji) earthquake did not have any long-term impact on the Japanese economy, or much impact on Kobe itself, is wrong. We reevaluate the evidence using a new methodology, synthetic control, and find a persistent and still continuing adverse impact of the quake on the economy of Kobe more than a decade after the event. Using the methodology developed by Abadie et a…
The 1960 Tsunami in Hawaii
The economics of disaster risks and impacts in the Pacific
Purpose The Pacific islands face the highest disaster risk globally in per capita terms. Countries in the region have been affected by several recent catastrophic events, as well as by frequent natural hazards of smaller magnitude. The purpose of this paper is to quantify total disaster risk faced by Pacific island countries (PICs). Design/methodology/approach The paper evaluates the three main sources of data for quantifying risk in the region—t…
Science for Loss and Damage. Findings and Propositions
The debate on “Loss and Damage” (L&D) has gained traction over the last few years. Supported by growing scientific evidence of anthropogenic climate change amplifying frequency, intensity and duration of climate-related hazards as well as observed increases in climate-related impacts and risks in many regions, the “Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage” was established in 2013 and further supported through the Paris Agreement in 2015…
Measuring the impact of insurance on urban earthquake recovery using nightlights
We measure the longer-term effect of a major earthquake on the local economy, using night-time light intensity, and focus on the role of insurance payments for damaged residential property in the recovery process. The destructive Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (2010–2011) in New Zealand is our case study. Uniquely, for this event, >95% of residential housing units were covered by insurance and almost all incurred some damage. However, insurance p…
Wellbeing after a managed retreat
Measuring the Economic Risk of Covid‐19
We measure the economic risk of COVID‐19 at a geo‐spatially detailed resolution. In addition to data about the current prevalence of confirmed cases, we use data from 2014–2018 and a conceptual disaster risk model to compute measures for exposure, vulnerability, and resilience of the local economy to the shock of the epidemic. Using a battery of proxies for these four concepts, we calculate the hazard, the principal components of exposure and vul…
Earthquake-induced transportation disruption and economic performance
Risk, poverty or politics? The determinants of subnational public spending allocation for adaptive disaster risk reduction in Bangladesh
Earthquake-strengthening policy for commercial buildings in small-town New Zealand
New Zealand introduced a seismic retrofitting policy in the wake of the catastrophic Canterbury earthquakes of 2010-11. The aim was to enforce seismic strengthening of earthquake-prone commercial buildings throughout the country. This study focuses on regional urban centres and the economic obstacles to strengthening their aging building stock. In investigating one town, Whanganui, we describe conditions, analyse cases, and identify incentives th…
Comparing earthquake insurance programmes
Earthquakes are insured in high-risk high-income countries only if the public sector is involved. Prototypical examples are the insurance schemes in California (United States), Japan, and New Zealand, but each is structured differently. This paper examines these variations using a concrete case study: the sequence of earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2010-11-the most heavily insured seismic event in history. It assesses what would have…
A Comprehensive Measure of Lifeyears Lost due to Covid‐19 in 2020
Typically, disaster damages are measured separately in four dimensions: fatalities, injuries, dislocations, and the financial damage that they wreak. Noy (2016) developed a lifeyears index of disaster damage which aggregates these disparate measures. Here, we use this lifeyears index to assess the costs of the COVID‐19 pandemic across countries and compare these costs to the average annual costs of all other disasters that have occurred in all co…
Floods and Spillovers
In 2011, Thailand experienced its worst flood ever. Using repeated waves of the Thai Household Socio-Economic Survey, we analyze the flood’s economic impacts. In 2012, households answered a set of questions on the extent of flooding they experienced. We use this self-identified flood exposure and external exposure indicators from satellite images to identify both households that were directly affected and those that were not directly flooded but …
Prioritising earthquake retrofitting in Wellington, New Zealand
This study describes the application of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to prioritise the seismic risk mitigation of existing buildings in earthquake-prone Wellington, New Zealand. Through retrofitting or demolition, this is an important requirement in many cities around the Pacific Rim and in other high-level seismic hazard locations. The prioritisation strategy proposed here, based on MCDA methods, can provide decision-makers with a fas…
Heat Waves and Innovation in Air Conditioning in the United States
This study investigates whether extreme heat episodes (heat waves) have contributed to the development of air conditioning (AC) technology in the United States. To this end, we use weather data to identify days at which heat and relative humidity were above levels comfortable to the human body, and match these with patent data at the county level for nearly a hundred years. We find that in the 2 years after a county has experienced extreme heat A…
Business recovery from disasters
This paper compares economic recovery in the COVID-19 pandemic with other types of disasters, at the scale of businesses. As countries around the world struggle to emerge from the pandemic, studies of business impact and recovery have proliferated; however, pandemic research is often undertaken without the benefit of insights from long-standing research on past large-scale disruptive events, such as floods, storms, and earthquakes. This paper bui…
The global costs of extreme weather that are attributable to climate change
Extreme weather events lead to significant adverse societal costs. Extreme Event Attribution (EEA), a methodology that examines how anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions had changed the occurrence of specific extreme weather events, allows us to quantify the climate change-induced component of these costs. We collect data from all available EEA studies, combine these with data on the socio-economic costs of these events and extrapolate for missi…
Economics (26 obras) · Geography (24 obras) · Disaster Management and Resilience (20 obras) · Business (14 obras) · Political science (14 obras) · Agricultural risk and resilience (10 obras) · Natural disaster (10 obras) · Medicine (9 obras) · Climate change (8 obras) · Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration (8 obras)