Nicholas Alexander
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3738971 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Nicholas Alexander |
| PRENOMES | Nicholas |
| SOBRENOME | Alexander |
| ASSINATURA | ALEXANDER N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Lancaster University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7456-3541 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 16 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 23 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 16 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1998 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Affordable seismic strengthening of stone masonry walls
In the Himalayan region, stone masonry with mud mortar is a widely used construction method for buildings, due to the simplicity of the technique and the abundance of materials. This is particularly applicable in Nepal, where over 80% of the land is mountainous. The 2015 Gorkha Earthquake led to significant damage to 60% of these stone masonry school buildings, thus revealing their seismic vulnerability. This extend of seismic damage poses the ur…
Operationalizing African self-reliance in vaccine manufacturing
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored Africa's urgent need for vaccine security and self-reliance. In response, the African Union and Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established the Framework for Action (FFA) through the Platform for Harmonized African Health Products Manufacturing (PHAHM), with a goal of 60% local vaccine production by 2040. During 2024, Africa CDC, Karolinska Institutet, and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berli…
Interinstitutional shaping of retail innovation
The retail arcade was an innovative format that proliferated across the urban landscape in the late nineteenth century. However, it has attracted limited research attention from business historians. This article addresses this research gap by identifying the reasons for arcade development and the business relationships that enabled their widespread commercialisation. The retail arcade provided a thoroughfare between two centres of urban activity.…
Overcoming institutional voids
This article explores the role of institutional voids in the internationalisation of proto-modern brands in London from the mid-1820s through to the early 1850s. Internationalising firms addressed institutional deficiencies in the market through the establishment of retail operations identified here as international maisons spéciales and by adopting marketing strategies designed to legitimate their proto-modern brands. Together, these organisatio…
Transformational retailing and the emergence of a modern brand
This article considers the role of a transformational retail setting in the development of an iconic brand identity in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The focus of this research is Liberty of London. Through experiential engagement and augmented admission, Liberty created a retail environment that challenged existing practices. Coupled with the development of a brand identity enhanced through authoritative advocacy and consumers’ alle…
The Origins of American International Retailing
This article considers the international retailing activities of Tiffany of New York between 1837 and 1914. Using data from the company archive alongside other sources, the findings indicate that five factors were determinants of sustainable international retailing: a centralized organizational structure, a stable ownership structure, existing international engagement, a strong brand identity, and a relevant international retail format. Placing T…
International Retail
International retail is the operation of retail outlets in more than one country. The internationalization of retailing activity has two dimensions: the firm (direct internationalization) and the market (indirect internationalization). The internationalization of retailing formats and operational systems is not dependent on international retail firms. Indirect internationalization occurs when domestic retailers adopt international practices. When…
Cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitanism is a view of the world that is associated with openness toward different cultures. Generally it suggests an individual who is well traveled and lives a lifestyle associated with socioeconomic elites; however, in marketing, cosmopolitan behavior is associated with individuals who have a positive disposition toward other cultures although they may not have traveled outside their home culture. The cosmopolitan scale ( COS ) measures …
Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism is a view of the world that is closed to contributions from other cultures. Originally a term used within sociology, in marketing ethnocentric behavior, it is associated with individuals who value the products and services of the home market over and above those produced in or associated with other markets. The consumer ethnocentric (CET) scale measures consumer ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is a learnt disposition and is influenced …
Liberty in Paris
This article considers the international retailing operation of Liberty of London in Paris between 1889 and 1932. Using data from the company archive, the article challenges assumptions regarding the nature and role of early retail activity in the internationalisation process. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from the marketing and management literature, the article considers Liberty’s Paris operation from entry stage activity in the late 1880s …
Building co-operation
This book makes a major contribution to retail and distribution business history. The history of the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS) and its current manifestation as the Co-operative Group pro
Retailing in international markets, 1900–2010
This response welcomes A. Godley and H. Hang's comment on N. Alexander's recent article. It acknowledges those theoretical issues on which there is broad agreement and explores theoretical issues around which debate is likely to focus in the future. Consideration is given to international retailing in the first and second global economies and the problems surrounding the evaluation of longer term trends. It explores the nature of innovation and t…
Land and People in Late Medieval England, by Bruce M.S. Campbell
British overseas retailing, 1900–60
The early activities of British international retailers remain relatively unexplored and little understood. This paper considers the role of British companies operating through retail outlets in overseas markets. It identifies the characteristics of those companies, their retail activities, the markets selected and the entry methods used. This paper seeks to begin the process of addressing a considerable gap in the history literature. The finding…
Epistemological Exploration
Among 139 students (mean age 21.8, SD=3.5), use of Schmeck's Deep Processing learning style (looking for conceptual understanding) on academic materials correlated modestly with its use on religious materials. The same was true for Elaborative Processing (looking for associations and applications). Both Deep and Elaborative Processing of academic materials correlated with better Analytical Skills. Only Elaborative Processing of religious material…
Introduction
Introduction
British overseas retailing, 1900–60
The early activities of British international retailers remain relatively unexplored and little understood. This paper considers the role of British companies operating through retail outlets in overseas markets. It identifies the characteristics of those companies, their retail activities, the markets selected and the entry methods used. This paper seeks to begin the process of addressing a considerable gap in the history literature. The finding…
Liberty in Paris
This article considers the international retailing operation of Liberty of London in Paris between 1889 and 1932. Using data from the company archive, the article challenges assumptions regarding the nature and role of early retail activity in the internationalisation process. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from the marketing and management literature, the article considers Liberty’s Paris operation from entry stage activity in the late 1880s …
Overcoming institutional voids
This article explores the role of institutional voids in the internationalisation of proto-modern brands in London from the mid-1820s through to the early 1850s. Internationalising firms addressed institutional deficiencies in the market through the establishment of retail operations identified here as international maisons spéciales and by adopting marketing strategies designed to legitimate their proto-modern brands. Together, these organisatio…
The Origins of American International Retailing
This article considers the international retailing activities of Tiffany of New York between 1837 and 1914. Using data from the company archive alongside other sources, the findings indicate that five factors were determinants of sustainable international retailing: a centralized organizational structure, a stable ownership structure, existing international engagement, a strong brand identity, and a relevant international retail format. Placing T…
Introduction
Epistemological Exploration
Among 139 students (mean age 21.8, SD=3.5), use of Schmeck's Deep Processing learning style (looking for conceptual understanding) on academic materials correlated modestly with its use on religious materials. The same was true for Elaborative Processing (looking for associations and applications). Both Deep and Elaborative Processing of academic materials correlated with better Analytical Skills. Only Elaborative Processing of religious material…
Land and People in Late Medieval England, by Bruce M.S. Campbell
British overseas retailing, 1900–60
The early activities of British international retailers remain relatively unexplored and little understood. This paper considers the role of British companies operating through retail outlets in overseas markets. It identifies the characteristics of those companies, their retail activities, the markets selected and the entry methods used. This paper seeks to begin the process of addressing a considerable gap in the history literature. The finding…
Retailing in international markets, 1900–2010
This response welcomes A. Godley and H. Hang's comment on N. Alexander's recent article. It acknowledges those theoretical issues on which there is broad agreement and explores theoretical issues around which debate is likely to focus in the future. Consideration is given to international retailing in the first and second global economies and the problems surrounding the evaluation of longer term trends. It explores the nature of innovation and t…
International Retail
International retail is the operation of retail outlets in more than one country. The internationalization of retailing activity has two dimensions: the firm (direct internationalization) and the market (indirect internationalization). The internationalization of retailing formats and operational systems is not dependent on international retail firms. Indirect internationalization occurs when domestic retailers adopt international practices. When…
Cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitanism is a view of the world that is associated with openness toward different cultures. Generally it suggests an individual who is well traveled and lives a lifestyle associated with socioeconomic elites; however, in marketing, cosmopolitan behavior is associated with individuals who have a positive disposition toward other cultures although they may not have traveled outside their home culture. The cosmopolitan scale ( COS ) measures …
Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism is a view of the world that is closed to contributions from other cultures. Originally a term used within sociology, in marketing ethnocentric behavior, it is associated with individuals who value the products and services of the home market over and above those produced in or associated with other markets. The consumer ethnocentric (CET) scale measures consumer ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is a learnt disposition and is influenced …
Liberty in Paris
This article considers the international retailing operation of Liberty of London in Paris between 1889 and 1932. Using data from the company archive, the article challenges assumptions regarding the nature and role of early retail activity in the internationalisation process. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from the marketing and management literature, the article considers Liberty’s Paris operation from entry stage activity in the late 1880s …
Building co-operation
This book makes a major contribution to retail and distribution business history. The history of the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS) and its current manifestation as the Co-operative Group pro
The Origins of American International Retailing
This article considers the international retailing activities of Tiffany of New York between 1837 and 1914. Using data from the company archive alongside other sources, the findings indicate that five factors were determinants of sustainable international retailing: a centralized organizational structure, a stable ownership structure, existing international engagement, a strong brand identity, and a relevant international retail format. Placing T…
Transformational retailing and the emergence of a modern brand
This article considers the role of a transformational retail setting in the development of an iconic brand identity in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The focus of this research is Liberty of London. Through experiential engagement and augmented admission, Liberty created a retail environment that challenged existing practices. Coupled with the development of a brand identity enhanced through authoritative advocacy and consumers’ alle…
Overcoming institutional voids
This article explores the role of institutional voids in the internationalisation of proto-modern brands in London from the mid-1820s through to the early 1850s. Internationalising firms addressed institutional deficiencies in the market through the establishment of retail operations identified here as international maisons spéciales and by adopting marketing strategies designed to legitimate their proto-modern brands. Together, these organisatio…
Interinstitutional shaping of retail innovation
The retail arcade was an innovative format that proliferated across the urban landscape in the late nineteenth century. However, it has attracted limited research attention from business historians. This article addresses this research gap by identifying the reasons for arcade development and the business relationships that enabled their widespread commercialisation. The retail arcade provided a thoroughfare between two centres of urban activity.…
Operationalizing African self-reliance in vaccine manufacturing
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored Africa's urgent need for vaccine security and self-reliance. In response, the African Union and Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established the Framework for Action (FFA) through the Platform for Harmonized African Health Products Manufacturing (PHAHM), with a goal of 60% local vaccine production by 2040. During 2024, Africa CDC, Karolinska Institutet, and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berli…
Affordable seismic strengthening of stone masonry walls
In the Himalayan region, stone masonry with mud mortar is a widely used construction method for buildings, due to the simplicity of the technique and the abundance of materials. This is particularly applicable in Nepal, where over 80% of the land is mountainous. The 2015 Gorkha Earthquake led to significant damage to 60% of these stone masonry school buildings, thus revealing their seismic vulnerability. This extend of seismic damage poses the ur…
Business (10 obras) · Marketing (7 obras) · History (6 obras) · International trade (6 obras) · Marketing (6 obras) · Wine Industry and Tourism (6 obras) · Economics (5 obras) · Internationalization (5 obras) · Commerce (4 obras) · History (4 obras)