Norman Daniels
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 374596 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Norman Daniels |
| PRENOMES | Norman |
| SOBRENOME | Daniels |
| ASSINATURA | DANIELS N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Tufts University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 79 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 643 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 77 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1957 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2018 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Limits to Health Care
Limits are legitimized and fair when consumers "consent" to purchase products involving them at fair market prices. Solving the legitimacy and fairness problems for limit-setting decisions is only part of what makes a health care system just overall. Features of the design of our health care system also undercut the car purchase analogy. Health care makes a distinctive but limited contribution to assuring fair equality of opportunity by aiming to…
Seeking Legitimacy for DSM-5
In 2013 the American Psychiatric Association (APA) published the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Even before publication, DSM-5 received a torrent of criticism, most prominently over removal of the "bereavement exclusion" for the diagnosis of major depression. We argue that while the APA can claim legitimate authority for deciding scientific questions, it does not have legitimacy for resolving w…
Health and health care
Rawls develops his account of justice as fairness in A Theory of Justice with a widely recognized theoretical simpliication that abstracts from the variation among people caused by differences in health states and duration of life. By hypothesis, his contractors are fully functional over a normal lifespan; disease, disability, and death as we know them are not issues that such contractors must grapple with. Instead, these fully normal contractors…
Global health and global justice
Most people are concerned about international health inequalities and find them unjust. At the same time, we lack global institutions that can effectively act to reduce these health inequalities, which have various sources. Accordingly, the concern about health inequalities does not by itself support some one of the competing theories of global justice. Yet, many people believe that specific problems increase injustice globally and might be addre…
Reasonable Disagreement about Identifed vs. Statistical Victims
People tend to contribute more—and think they have stronger obligations to contribute more—to rescuing an identified victim rather than a statistical one. Indeed, they are often disposed to contribute more to rescuing a single identified victim than a greater number of statistical ones. By an “identified victim,” I mean Terry Q., lying injured in the passenger seat of the wrecked automobile on the corner of Main Street and Broadway, or Jessica Mc…
Decision maker priorities for providing antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected South Africans
In resource-limited settings, successful HIV treatment scale-up has been tempered by reports of funding shortfalls. We aimed to determine the priorities, including ethical considerations, of decision makers for HIV antiretroviral programs. We conducted qualitative interviews with 12 decision makers, identified using purposive sampling. Respondents engaged in one-on-one, semi-structured interviews. We developed an interview guide to direct questio…
Legitimacy and fairness in priority setting in Tanzania
Every health system has to make decisions about how to use limited resources to meet competing claims about diverse health needs. In all systems, national priority setting, including budgeting, generally imposes constraints on other levels of decision-making - be it in states or provinces, districts or cities, or local health authorities, hospitals, or health insurance plans. Decisions at any of these levels often are contested because they creat…
Justice and Justification
Capabilities, opportunity, and health
This chapter argues that there is more convergence than difference between an account of justice and health that focuses on opportunity, properly construed, and one that sees the target of justice as protecting human capabilities. At first sight, the egalitarian version of Sen's capabilities view seems to push us toward any intervention, including any use of health-care technology that eliminates disadvantages in opportunity produced by inequalit…
Measuring Justice
This book brings together a team of leading theorists to address the question 'What is the right measure of justice?' Some contributors, following Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, argue that we should focus on capabilities, or what people are able to do and to be. Others, following John Rawls, argue for focussing on social primary goods, the goods which society produces and which people can use. Still others see both views as incomplete and compl…
Is There a Right to Health Care and, If So, What Does It Encompass?
This chapter contains sections titled: Is There a Right to Health Care? What Does a Right to Health Care Include? Choice or Consent and the Exercise of our Right to Health Care References
L'extension de la justice comme équité à la santé et aux soins de santé
L'objectif de cet article est de montrer comment la théorie de la justice comme équité peut être étendue à la question de la santé et des soins de santé. Dans mes travaux j'ai réalisé trois extensions successives des idées rawlsiennes. La première vise les rapports entre la santé et l'égalité équitable des chances. La deuxième extension s'appuie sur la relation entre les principes de justice comme équité de Rawls et les déterminants sociaux de la…
Justice between Adjacent Generations
Process Is the Point
Most people responsible for setting priorities in health have considerable expertise relevant to deciding how to use resources effectively and the kinds of improvements that should be emphasized. Most are also concerned with distributing improvements equitably. Accordingly, they often invoke human rights or principles of distributive justice to legitimize choices that create winners and losers. We propose an approach that draws on the strengths o…
Just Health
In this book by the award-winning author of Just Healthcare, Norman Daniels develops a comprehensive theory of justice for health that answers three key questions: what is the special moral importance of health? When are health inequalities unjust? How can we meet health needs fairly when we cannot meet them all? Daniels' theory has implications for national and global health policy: can we meet health needs fairly in ageing societies? Or protect…
Toward Ethical Review of Health System Transformations
Efforts to transform health systems constitute social experiments on a population. Like clinical research, they deploy measures that are unproven in the context of the reform, and they often impose significant risks on some people in order to achieve a social goal: the improvement of health delivery. The rationale for proactively evaluating clinical experimentation on human subjects also applies to these social experiments. We used the “benchmark…
Health Disparities By Race And Class
In this essay we examine three competing causal interpretations of racial disparities in health. The first approach views race as a biologically meaningful category and racial disparities in health as reflecting inherited susceptibility to disease. The second approach treats race as a proxy for class and views socioeconomic stratification as the real culprit behind racial disparities. The third approach treats race as neither a biological categor…
Setting Limits, Enhancing Democracy
Chevron v Echazabal
The Supreme Court, in Chevron v Echazabal, ruled that risks to a disabled worker, if established by an individualized medical assessment, can disqualify the worker from protections offered by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This decision rejected the antipaternalist position of ADA advocates that workers with disabilities should be able to determine, through their own consent, the risks they will take. Such strong antipaternalism may n…
Setting Limits Fairly
"The central idea for this book is that we lack consensus on principles for allocating resources and in the absence of such a consensus we must rely on a fair decision-making process for setting limits on health care. The authors characterize key elements of this process in a variety of health care contexts where such decisions are made - decisions about insurance coverage for new technologies, pharmacy benefit management, the design of physician…
Democratic Equality
Egalitarianism is not one idea but many, for there are many different kinds and degrees of equality that people can promote and still lay claim to being egalitarians. Rawls's egalitarianism is complex in what it requires, since his "democratic equality" rests on three principles of justice that interact with and limit each other. Democratic equality is also complex in its justification, since it is motivated by several distinct egalitarian ideas …
The Cambridge Companion to Rawls
Each volume of this series of companions to major philosophers contains specially commissioned essays by an international team of scholars and will serve as a reference work for students and nonspecialists. John Rawls is the most significant and influential philosopher and moral philosopher of the twentieth century. His work has profoundly shaped contemporary discussions of social, political and economic justice in philosophy, law, political scie…
From Chance to Choice
This book, written by four internationally renowned bioethicists and first published in 2000, was the first systematic treatment of the fundamental ethical issues underlying the application of genetic technologies to human beings. Probing the implications of the remarkable advances in genetics, the authors ask how should these affect our understanding of distributive justice, equality of opportunity, the rights and obligations as parents, the mea…
Justice, Health, and Healthcare
Healthcare (including public health) is special because it protects normal functioning, which in turn protects the range of opportunities open to individuals. I extend this account in two ways. First, since the distribution of goods other than healthcare affect population health and its distribution, I claim that Rawls's principles of justice describe a fair distribution of the social determinants of health, giving a partial account of when healt…
Justice in the Genetic Age
review of FROM CHANCE TO CHOICE, by Allen Buchanan, Dan Brock, Norman Daniels, and Dan Wikler
Spheres of Justice
Complex Equality * Membership * Security and Welfare * Money and Commodities * Office * Hard Work * Free Time * Education * Kinship and Love * Divine Grace * Recognition * Political Power * Tyrannies and Just Societies
Limits to Health Care
Equality of What
Many of us have egalitarian concerns. To some extent, that is, at some cost, we prefer a world in which goods powers, liberties, opportunities, wealth, health are more equally distributed to one in which they are not. At least to some extent, we are willing to forego delivering a greater benefit to someone who is already better off in order to deliver a lesser benefit to someone who is worse off. Whether we are strictly concerned with equality or…
Process Is the Point
Most people responsible for setting priorities in health have considerable expertise relevant to deciding how to use resources effectively and the kinds of improvements that should be emphasized. Most are also concerned with distributing improvements equitably. Accordingly, they often invoke human rights or principles of distributive justice to legitimize choices that create winners and losers. We propose an approach that draws on the strengths o…
Justice between Adjacent Generations
Thomas Reid's Discovery of a Non-Euclidean Geometry
Independently of any eighteenth century work on the geometry of parallels, Thomas Reid discovered the non-euclidean “geometry of visibles” in 1764. Reid's construction uses an idealized eye, incapable of making distance discriminations, to specify operationally a two dimensional visible space and a set of objects, the visibles. Reid offers sample theorems for his doubly elliptical geometry and proposes a natural model, the surface of the sphere. …
The Rise of Colleges. Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West
Makdisi's important work traces the development and organisational structure of learning institutions in Islam, and reassesses scholarship on the origins and growth of the Madrasa
In Search of Equity
L'extension de la justice comme équité à la santé et aux soins de santé
L'objectif de cet article est de montrer comment la théorie de la justice comme équité peut être étendue à la question de la santé et des soins de santé. Dans mes travaux j'ai réalisé trois extensions successives des idées rawlsiennes. La première vise les rapports entre la santé et l'égalité équitable des chances. La deuxième extension s'appuie sur la relation entre les principes de justice comme équité de Rawls et les déterminants sociaux de la…
Chevron v Echazabal
The Supreme Court, in Chevron v Echazabal, ruled that risks to a disabled worker, if established by an individualized medical assessment, can disqualify the worker from protections offered by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This decision rejected the antipaternalist position of ADA advocates that workers with disabilities should be able to determine, through their own consent, the risks they will take. Such strong antipaternalism may n…
Decisions about access to health care and accountability for reasonableness
Lobachevsky
Muhammad at Medina
This book is intended to be read both by the specialist and by the more enterprising general reader. From the point of view of the specialist it reviews and makes new use of familiar material and also exploits the field of social anthropology in an experimental way. At the same time it is written clearly and readably and, together with the same author's Muhammad at Mecca, constitutes a very full guide both to the life of Muhammad and to his socia…
Holy War in Islam and Christendom
A recent book about the Islamic law of war and peace suggests comparisons with Christian law which have interesting implications. In this comparative field the plough has so far scratched only the surface. Among the more obvious questions provoked is this: does Christian law derive in this matter from Islamic law, or is the character of holy war always in all religions necessarily similar? Certainly such a book as this reminds us that the similar…
Abraham in the Koran
This impressive book marks very clearly the revolution that is taking place in Christian thinking about Islam, and at the same time it illustrates an important new trend in scholarly treatment of the Qur'an. In the past, theological hatred of Islam has often been stronger among Oriental Christians than among Latins; the prejudice shared by both has been intensified by the frustrations of subordination in the political and social order. Now this i…
Religion and Secularism in the Arab World
The state of religion among Arab Muslims is much the same as among Western Christians. With both, religion survives in an active form among a minority; with both, the majority still cling to the name. Among both, men desire a high standard of living which most of them have always been denied; they have a new faith in scientific progress, which has brought about concrete results, and they accept the claim that it supersedes old beliefs. Both in Ch…
Islam and the West
Islam, Europe and Empire
Thomas Reid's Discovery of a Non-Euclidean Geometry
Independently of any eighteenth century work on the geometry of parallels, Thomas Reid discovered the non-euclidean “geometry of visibles” in 1764. Reid's construction uses an idealized eye, incapable of making distance discriminations, to specify operationally a two dimensional visible space and a set of objects, the visibles. Reid offers sample theorems for his doubly elliptical geometry and proposes a natural model, the surface of the sphere. …
On Liberty and Inequality in Rawls
Human Understanding. Vol. I
Lobachevsky
Reading Rawls
On the Picket Line
Reading Rawls
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Reading Bawls. Edited by Norman Daniels. (Oxford: Basil Blaokwell. 1975. Pp. 347. Price £7.75, paper £3.75) Keith Graham Keith Graham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 28, Issue 111, April 1978, Pages 179–180, https://doi.org/10.2307/2219370 Published: 01 April 1978
Wide Reflective Equilibrium and Theory Acceptance in Ethics
On some methods of ethics and linguistics
The Matter of Araby in Medieval England
Am I My Parents' Keeper
Health Care Needs and Distributive Justice
In Search of Equity
In Search of Equity
In Search of Equity
The Rise of Colleges. Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West
Makdisi's important work traces the development and organisational structure of learning institutions in Islam, and reassesses scholarship on the origins and growth of the Madrasa
Just Health Care
How should medical services be distributed within society? Who should pay for them? Is it right that large amounts should be spent on sophisticated technology and expensive operations, or would the resources be better employed in, for instance, less costly preventive measures? These and others are the questions addreses in this book. Norman Daniels examines some of the dilemmas thrown up by conflicting demands for medical attention, and goes on t…
Spheres of Justice
Complex Equality * Membership * Security and Welfare * Money and Commodities * Office * Hard Work * Free Time * Education * Kinship and Love * Divine Grace * Recognition * Political Power * Tyrannies and Just Societies
Ethics and Economics in Search of a Common Language
Book reviewed in this article: The Needs of Strangers. By Michael Ignatieff. The Health Economy. By Victor Fuchs. Just Health Care. By Norman Daniels
Political science (51 obras) · Law (43 obras) · Sociology (31 obras) · Economic Justice (24 obras) · Philosophy (24 obras) · Medicine (21 obras) · Health care (20 obras) · Business (19 obras) · Economics (19 obras) · Epistemology (19 obras)