James Griffiths
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3757049 |
|---|---|
| NOME | James Griffiths |
| PRENOMES | James |
| SOBRENOME | Griffiths |
| ASSINATURA | GRIFFITHS J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6769-8998 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 46 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 296 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 46 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1949 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
An experimental syntax approach to British English do ellipsis
Researchers have reported that British English do (also called ‘propredicate do ’) is permitted in only a subset of the syntactic configurations that permit standard VP / post-auxiliary ellipsis in English. Problematically, the reliability of the acceptability judgment data underlying all prior generative research on British English do ellipsis is not guaranteed. This situation transpires because these data were collected informally, which is not…
Reprise fragments in English and Hungarian
Reprise fragments in English and Hungarian
We present a comparative analysis of English and Hungarian reprise fragments. We argue that reprise fragments should be afforded the same theoretical treatment as standard (i.e. nonreprise) fragments. Assuming that standard fragmentary answers and questions are remnants of an ellipsis operation that applies to a clause, this entails that reprise fragments are also remnants of clausal ellipsis. We show that the prevailing approach to standard frag…
War and Commitment to Military Service
The present study examined career intentions in two samples-home-based or garrison ( N = 12,583 soldiers in 180 companies) and deployed and recently returned soldiers ( N = 4,551 in 50 companies). Proportionally, fewer deployed soldiers than home-based garrison soldiers intended to stay in reserve military service. Among deployed soldiers, those who reported having experienced combat trauma, having had wounded or killed someone, and having had a …
Build in prevention and preparedness to improve climate resilience in coastal cities
Urban flood risks and emerging challenges in a Chinese delta
Great Firewall of China
China's 'Great Firewall' has evolved into the most sophisticated system of online censorship in the world. As the Chinese internet grows and online businesses thrive, speech is controlled, dissent quashed, and attempts to organise outside the official Communist Party are quickly stamped out. Updated throughout and available in paperback for the first time,The Great Firewall of Chinadraws on James Griffiths' unprecedented access to the Great Firew…
Reserve Military Service
This study examines reserve military service from a perspective of social construction-the ways in which the reservist's conscious experiences are constructed to give meaning to military service. Content descriptions of conscious experiences of reserve military service are identified in past studies. Constructions fell into four broad categories: (1) complementary to life-reserve military service providing wanted satisfaction not otherwise achiev…
Gender, Risk and Journalism
Ulrich Beck states “risk is the anticipation of the catastrophe—so it is existent and non-existent”. The increasing danger to all journalists is a feature of similar surveys focused on journalistic work in the theatre of war. The problems of the newspaper industry, the new digital economy, the changing nature of the job market and the drive to freelance work have forced many more journalists out of staff jobs. A significant concern of the survey …
Community Service and Voting Among Veterans and Nonveterans Using a National Sample of College Undergraduates
Research studies have shown an association between military service and later civic involvement, largely defined as political activities. The National Postsecondary Student Aid Study 2008 ( N = 95,650) was used to compare veteran and nonveteran students on community service activities and voting. Proportionately more nonveteran than veteran students reported community service (i.e., working with children both in educational and noneducational set…
The Great Firewall of China
Readers will come away startled at just how fragile the online infrastructure we all depend on is and how much influence China wields – both technically and politically’ – Jason Q. Ng, author of Blocked on Weibo ‘An urgent and much needed reminder about how China's quest for cyber sovereignty is undermining global Internet freedom’ – Kristie Lu Stout, CNN ‘An important and incisive history of the Chinese internet that introduces us to the governm…
Beyond MaxElide
Using Takahashi and Fox 2005 as an exemplar, this article argues that analyses of English ellipsis that make recourse to a MaxElide constraint (first introduced in Merchant 2008 ) are untenable, and that one must look beyond MaxElide to explain the distribution of acceptability in the "rebinding" elliptical constructions that MaxElide was originally invoked to explain. A novel analysis is outlined that attributes the unacceptability observed in t…
Parenthesis
In Griffiths and De Vries 2013 (G&dV), we offer an argument in favor of treating appositive relative clauses (ARCs) as syntactically integrated into their hosts, an argument that revolves around the distribution of ARCs in clausal ellipsis environments. In a reply, Ott (2016) counters this specific argument, rejects the more general integration analysis adopted in G&dV on conceptual grounds, and contends that an orphanage analysis of ARCs provide…
Sponge City” in China—A breakthrough of planning and flood risk management in the urban context
Suicides in the U.S. Military
This paper builds a case for examining suicide in the U.S. military relative to broad societal context, specifically, the unique experiences of birth cohorts relating to processes described by Durkheim’s theory of suicide. In more recent birth cohorts, suicide rates have increased among teenagers and young adults. In addition, suicide rates of age intervals at a given time period have been reliably predicted by the size of the birth cohort and th…
Gender, Risk and Journalism
The central concern of this paper is to address the question, “Is it more dangerous to be a woman journalist when reporting conflict”. Beck states “risk is the anticipation of the catastrophe—so it is existent and non-existent”. Is the contention that female journalists are more at risk, knowledge, or a construction of knowledge? Are editors and journalists who decide that women are more at risk merely anticipating a catastrophe? There is no cert…
City profile
Parenthetical verb constructions, fragment answers, and constituent modification
Reformulative appositions and clausal ellipsis
Contrast and Island Sensitivity in Clausal Ellipsis
This paper offers a comprehensive and uniform theory of island repair in clausal ellipsis (sluicing and fragments). We show that the correct generalization defines the repairing and the nonrepairing types ofTPellipsis in terms ofcontrastivity:TPellipsis withcontrastiveremnants does not repair islands, whereasTPellipsis withnoncontrastiveremnants does. Contrary to the influential account of Merchant (), we base our explanation for the island sensi…
The Syntactic Integration of Appositives
The goal of this squib is to explain an intriguing data set involving appositives and fragment answers, thereby providing support for the idea that appositives, and by extension parentheses more generally, are related to the host clause in syntax, via parenthetical coordination
The Temporal Stability of the Tendency to Worship Celebrities
This study examined the test-retest and internal reliability of a scale used to measure celebrity worship. We administered the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) and several related items on two different occasions approximately 3 months apart to 248 participants from three universities and one college. We hypothesized that attitudes about celebrities would remain fairly stable over time. Results confirmed the hypothesis and were discussed in relatio…
Perspectives on Suicide in the Army National Guard
Suicides in the US military were observed rising in 2004, most notably in the Army and Marine Corps, and particularly, in the Army National Guard (ARNG). Alarmed, Army leaders and researchers have offered various explanations and prescriptions, often lacking any evidence. In the present study, three data sets were used to examine evidence for various perspectives on suicide-dispositional risk, social cognitive, stressor-strain, and social cultura…
Reserve Forces-After the Cold War
The topic of reserve military service began with the citizen-soldier who performs military duties periodically, fending off community threats. Now, the reservist routinely performs full-time military service in support of national security operations. Evident in this shift are matters of importance, such as the preparedness of the reserve force, staffing the reserve force in its new role, the demographic and social representative-ness of the forc…
Reserve Identities
Identities of reservists, primarily those of the U.S. military, are examined in the context of identity theory. In the current study, previously acknowledged identities of reservists are reliably measured and are shown to have construct validity. Scales were constructed from items on a previous survey of National Guard members ( N = 1,256). Survey data were then used to establish scale reliability, both exploratory factor analysis and internal re…
Relationships among Acculturation, Sociodemographic Characteristics and Social Supports in Mexican American Adults
The relationship of acculturation and sociodemographic characteristics to social supports was studied in a representative sample of adult Mexican Americans. The relationship between network characteristics and personal distress was also examined for subgroups who had varied in acculturation. Mexican American adults (N=259) living in one of three suburban communities in Southern California were selected by way of a multistage, random-digit telepho…
Institutional Motives for Serving in the U.S. Army National Guard
The present study extended recent investigations of the motivations of American youth and active-duty soldiers to serve in the military. Unlike previous studies, this study employed a sample of reservists and examined their reasons for joining. Consistent with recent studies, institutionally-motivated soldiers were more likely to plan to remain in military service, would report for duty so they did not let their buddies and family down, and belie…
Contrast and Island Sensitivity in Clausal Ellipsis
This paper offers a comprehensive and uniform theory of island repair in clausal ellipsis (sluicing and fragments). We show that the correct generalization defines the repairing and the nonrepairing types ofTPellipsis in terms ofcontrastivity:TPellipsis withcontrastiveremnants does not repair islands, whereasTPellipsis withnoncontrastiveremnants does. Contrary to the influential account of Merchant (), we base our explanation for the island sensi…
Will Citizens Be Soldiers? Examining Retention of Reserve Component Soldiers
In this study, past reserve retention studies are organized into perspectives, based on variables examined and underlying assumptions regarding reservists' motivations to reenlist. Using these perspectives, analysis of survey data obtained from a sample of soldiers ( N 510) serving in the US Army National Guard identified the perspective associated most with reenlistment intention. Surveys were administered to soldiers right before and during com…
Gender, Risk and Journalism
The central concern of this paper is to address the question, “Is it more dangerous to be a woman journalist when reporting conflict”. Beck states “risk is the anticipation of the catastrophe—so it is existent and non-existent”. Is the contention that female journalists are more at risk, knowledge, or a construction of knowledge? Are editors and journalists who decide that women are more at risk merely anticipating a catastrophe? There is no cert…
The Great Firewall of China
Readers will come away startled at just how fragile the online infrastructure we all depend on is and how much influence China wields – both technically and politically’ – Jason Q. Ng, author of Blocked on Weibo ‘An urgent and much needed reminder about how China's quest for cyber sovereignty is undermining global Internet freedom’ – Kristie Lu Stout, CNN ‘An important and incisive history of the Chinese internet that introduces us to the governm…
Being a Reserve Soldier
Drawing on social identity theory, the present article examines the extent to which soldier identification with the small unit is related to outcomes having increased importance to reserve military service. Measures of social identity have stronger associations with unit membership, whereas measures of personal identity do not. Soldiers' reports of positive experiences when first entering the unit are more strongly and positively related to measu…
Sponge City” in China—A breakthrough of planning and flood risk management in the urban context
Relationship between Acculturation and Psychological Impairment in Adult Mexican Americans
Some have argued that the Mexican American's relinquishment of traditional values lessens acculturative stress and associated adjustment problems (the "melting pot" or "damaging culture" hypothesis). A competing argument, the "bicultural hypothesis," supposes on the other hand that identification with the Anglo-American culture, while at the same time maintaining traditional values, facilitates healthier psychosocial adjustment. Mexican American …
Retention of Junior Enlisted Soldiers in the All-Volunteer Army Reserve
The Army Reserve loses approximately 30 percent of its personnel annually. Most of these losses are junior enlisted who do not complete their initial service obligation. The purpose of this study was to develop and test several hypotheses regarding why junior enlisted leave the Army Reserve before the end of their current obligations. Three general models were tested: demographic-pecuniary; unit activities (e.g., unit leadership, training, and ad…
After 9/11, What Kind of Reserve Soldier
Two concepts, Moskos's institutional-occupational orientations and Meyer and Allen's organizational commitment, were used to develop several hypotheses concerning relationships of soldiers' stated reasons for joining and staying in reserve military service to their stated career intentions and to perceived unit readiness. Survey data were obtained from first-term, junior-ranking enlisted Army National Guard soldiers nationwide at three time perio…
Further Considerations Concerning the Cohesion-Performance Relation in Military Settings
A recent issue of Armed Forces and Society published an interchange among MacCoun, Wong, Kolditz, and others regarding the relation of cohesion to performance. The discussion was purposefully narrow in its scope, but other literature should be considered to properly frame the larger question of cohesion's function in military settings. Specifically, current and future discussions should acknowledge: (1) the primary function of cohesion as reveale…
Re-Examination of Mexican American Service Utilization and Mental Health Need
Most discussions of Mexican American mental health need have been limited to analyses of service utilization or rates-under-treatment data. Such analyses have been fairly consistent in showing Mexican Americans to be underutilizers in relation to their occurrence in the general population, and consequently, they have been viewed as a subgroup having greater unmet mental health need than other ethnic subgroups. Yet, these rates-under-treatment stu…
The Syntactic Integration of Appositives
The goal of this squib is to explain an intriguing data set involving appositives and fragment answers, thereby providing support for the idea that appositives, and by extension parentheses more generally, are related to the host clause in syntax, via parenthetical coordination
The Army Reserve Soldier in Operation Desert Storm
In the mid-1970s, the Total Force policy shifted the active components' combat support and service support to the reserve components. This policy made it necessary to mobilize and deploy reserve component forces in the event of a large-scale war. During the Persian Gulf War, 228,000 reservists were called up, of which 139,207 were army reservists. The war, then, provided a test of the Total Force policy: Were the army reserve components ready for…
Beyond MaxElide
Using Takahashi and Fox 2005 as an exemplar, this article argues that analyses of English ellipsis that make recourse to a MaxElide constraint (first introduced in Merchant 2008 ) are untenable, and that one must look beyond MaxElide to explain the distribution of acceptability in the "rebinding" elliptical constructions that MaxElide was originally invoked to explain. A novel analysis is outlined that attributes the unacceptability observed in t…
Clovis Fluted Points from Sonora, Mexico
Eight Clovis fluted points were recovered recently in a camp and lithic workshop site approximately 35.5 km. north of Carbó, Sonora. These, along with seven others from various parts of the same state, serve to increase our knowledge of the distribution of Clovis material
City profile
Perspectives on Suicide in the Army National Guard
Suicides in the US military were observed rising in 2004, most notably in the Army and Marine Corps, and particularly, in the Army National Guard (ARNG). Alarmed, Army leaders and researchers have offered various explanations and prescriptions, often lacking any evidence. In the present study, three data sets were used to examine evidence for various perspectives on suicide-dispositional risk, social cognitive, stressor-strain, and social cultura…
Reprise fragments in English and Hungarian
We present a comparative analysis of English and Hungarian reprise fragments. We argue that reprise fragments should be afforded the same theoretical treatment as standard (i.e. nonreprise) fragments. Assuming that standard fragmentary answers and questions are remnants of an ellipsis operation that applies to a clause, this entails that reprise fragments are also remnants of clausal ellipsis. We show that the prevailing approach to standard frag…
Reserve Identities
Identities of reservists, primarily those of the U.S. military, are examined in the context of identity theory. In the current study, previously acknowledged identities of reservists are reliably measured and are shown to have construct validity. Scales were constructed from items on a previous survey of National Guard members ( N = 1,256). Survey data were then used to establish scale reliability, both exploratory factor analysis and internal re…
Parenthesis
In Griffiths and De Vries 2013 (G&dV), we offer an argument in favor of treating appositive relative clauses (ARCs) as syntactically integrated into their hosts, an argument that revolves around the distribution of ARCs in clausal ellipsis environments. In a reply, Ott (2016) counters this specific argument, rejects the more general integration analysis adopted in G&dV on conceptual grounds, and contends that an orphanage analysis of ARCs provide…
Parenthetical verb constructions, fragment answers, and constituent modification
The Temporal Stability of the Tendency to Worship Celebrities
This study examined the test-retest and internal reliability of a scale used to measure celebrity worship. We administered the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) and several related items on two different occasions approximately 3 months apart to 248 participants from three universities and one college. We hypothesized that attitudes about celebrities would remain fairly stable over time. Results confirmed the hypothesis and were discussed in relatio…
Reserve Forces-After the Cold War
The topic of reserve military service began with the citizen-soldier who performs military duties periodically, fending off community threats. Now, the reservist routinely performs full-time military service in support of national security operations. Evident in this shift are matters of importance, such as the preparedness of the reserve force, staffing the reserve force in its new role, the demographic and social representative-ness of the forc…
Constitutions of the British Colonies—iv
Journal Article CONSTITUTIONS OF THE BRITISH COLONIES—IV: MISCELLANEOUS Get access JAMES GRIFFITHS JAMES GRIFFITHS M.P., Secretary of States for the Colonies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Parliamentary Affairs, Volume III, Issue 3, Winter 1949, Pages 469–475, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pa.a052638 Published: 01 January 1949
Exploration in British Antarctica
CáhitanPascolaMasks
The pascola is a masked, costumed performer whose presence is necessary at all Yaqui and Mayo Indian fiestas. Pascola costumes are described in their regional variations, with special emphasis on the masks. These latter fall into three separate but related styles: Yaqui, reaching from central Arizona south to the Rio Yaqui in Sonora; Rio Mayo, including southern Sonora and a few villages in northern Sinaloa; and Sinaloa, encompassing the upriver …
Clovis Fluted Points from Sonora, Mexico
Eight Clovis fluted points were recovered recently in a camp and lithic workshop site approximately 35.5 km. north of Carbó, Sonora. These, along with seven others from various parts of the same state, serve to increase our knowledge of the distribution of Clovis material
Two Spanish-Quiche Dance-Dramas of Rabinal
Las miniaturas en el arte popular mexicano
The Bluegrass Songbook
Navaho Figurines Called Dolls
O'othham Hoho'ok A'agitha
Ritual Humor in Highland Chiapas
Re-Examination of Mexican American Service Utilization and Mental Health Need
Most discussions of Mexican American mental health need have been limited to analyses of service utilization or rates-under-treatment data. Such analyses have been fairly consistent in showing Mexican Americans to be underutilizers in relation to their occurrence in the general population, and consequently, they have been viewed as a subgroup having greater unmet mental health need than other ethnic subgroups. Yet, these rates-under-treatment stu…
Relationship between Acculturation and Psychological Impairment in Adult Mexican Americans
Some have argued that the Mexican American's relinquishment of traditional values lessens acculturative stress and associated adjustment problems (the "melting pot" or "damaging culture" hypothesis). A competing argument, the "bicultural hypothesis," supposes on the other hand that identification with the Anglo-American culture, while at the same time maintaining traditional values, facilitates healthier psychosocial adjustment. Mexican American …
Relationships among Acculturation, Sociodemographic Characteristics and Social Supports in Mexican American Adults
The relationship of acculturation and sociodemographic characteristics to social supports was studied in a representative sample of adult Mexican Americans. The relationship between network characteristics and personal distress was also examined for subgroups who had varied in acculturation. Mexican American adults (N=259) living in one of three suburban communities in Southern California were selected by way of a multistage, random-digit telepho…
Retention of Junior Enlisted Soldiers in the All-Volunteer Army Reserve
The Army Reserve loses approximately 30 percent of its personnel annually. Most of these losses are junior enlisted who do not complete their initial service obligation. The purpose of this study was to develop and test several hypotheses regarding why junior enlisted leave the Army Reserve before the end of their current obligations. Three general models were tested: demographic-pecuniary; unit activities (e.g., unit leadership, training, and ad…
The Army Reserve Soldier in Operation Desert Storm
In the mid-1970s, the Total Force policy shifted the active components' combat support and service support to the reserve components. This policy made it necessary to mobilize and deploy reserve component forces in the event of a large-scale war. During the Persian Gulf War, 228,000 reservists were called up, of which 139,207 were army reservists. The war, then, provided a test of the Total Force policy: Were the army reserve components ready for…
Will Citizens Be Soldiers? Examining Retention of Reserve Component Soldiers
In this study, past reserve retention studies are organized into perspectives, based on variables examined and underlying assumptions regarding reservists' motivations to reenlist. Using these perspectives, analysis of survey data obtained from a sample of soldiers ( N 510) serving in the US Army National Guard identified the perspective associated most with reenlistment intention. Surveys were administered to soldiers right before and during com…
What Do the Soldiers Say
Doctrinally, the U.S. Army determines the readiness of company-sized and battalionsized units by assessing them in four areas: personnel, equipment on hand, equipment serviceability, and training to meet mission-essential tasks. Surprisingly, these assessments do not include factors identified in surveys, personal interviews, and observational accounts of soldiers regarding what prepares them for combat and contributes to their combat effectivene…
Further Considerations Concerning the Cohesion-Performance Relation in Military Settings
A recent issue of Armed Forces and Society published an interchange among MacCoun, Wong, Kolditz, and others regarding the relation of cohesion to performance. The discussion was purposefully narrow in its scope, but other literature should be considered to properly frame the larger question of cohesion's function in military settings. Specifically, current and future discussions should acknowledge: (1) the primary function of cohesion as reveale…
Institutional Motives for Serving in the U.S. Army National Guard
The present study extended recent investigations of the motivations of American youth and active-duty soldiers to serve in the military. Unlike previous studies, this study employed a sample of reservists and examined their reasons for joining. Consistent with recent studies, institutionally-motivated soldiers were more likely to plan to remain in military service, would report for duty so they did not let their buddies and family down, and belie…
Being a Reserve Soldier
Drawing on social identity theory, the present article examines the extent to which soldier identification with the small unit is related to outcomes having increased importance to reserve military service. Measures of social identity have stronger associations with unit membership, whereas measures of personal identity do not. Soldiers' reports of positive experiences when first entering the unit are more strongly and positively related to measu…
After 9/11, What Kind of Reserve Soldier
Two concepts, Moskos's institutional-occupational orientations and Meyer and Allen's organizational commitment, were used to develop several hypotheses concerning relationships of soldiers' stated reasons for joining and staying in reserve military service to their stated career intentions and to perceived unit readiness. Survey data were obtained from first-term, junior-ranking enlisted Army National Guard soldiers nationwide at three time perio…
Reserve Forces-After the Cold War
The topic of reserve military service began with the citizen-soldier who performs military duties periodically, fending off community threats. Now, the reservist routinely performs full-time military service in support of national security operations. Evident in this shift are matters of importance, such as the preparedness of the reserve force, staffing the reserve force in its new role, the demographic and social representative-ness of the forc…
Reserve Identities
Identities of reservists, primarily those of the U.S. military, are examined in the context of identity theory. In the current study, previously acknowledged identities of reservists are reliably measured and are shown to have construct validity. Scales were constructed from items on a previous survey of National Guard members ( N = 1,256). Survey data were then used to establish scale reliability, both exploratory factor analysis and internal re…
The Syntactic Integration of Appositives
The goal of this squib is to explain an intriguing data set involving appositives and fragment answers, thereby providing support for the idea that appositives, and by extension parentheses more generally, are related to the host clause in syntax, via parenthetical coordination
The Temporal Stability of the Tendency to Worship Celebrities
This study examined the test-retest and internal reliability of a scale used to measure celebrity worship. We administered the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) and several related items on two different occasions approximately 3 months apart to 248 participants from three universities and one college. We hypothesized that attitudes about celebrities would remain fairly stable over time. Results confirmed the hypothesis and were discussed in relatio…
Political science (21 obras) · Psychology (21 obras) · Computer Science (15 obras) · Law (15 obras) · Business (13 obras) · Military personnel (12 obras) · Geography (11 obras) · Military service (11 obras) · Sociology (11 obras) · Defense, Military, and Policy Studies (9 obras)