Haitao Liu
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3777985 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Haitao Liu |
| PRENOMES | Haitao |
| SOBRENOME | Liu |
| ASSINATURA | LIU H |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Zhejiang University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1724-4418 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 72 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 125 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 72 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1998 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
The syntactic complexity of the Inner Circle English varieties
Drawing data from the International Corpus of English (ICE) and employing 14 quantitative syntactic complexity metrics, this study investigates the relationships between British English (BrE), Canadian English (CanE), American English (AmE), Northern Ireland English (IreNE), Southern Ireland English (IreSE), Australian English (AusE) and New Zealand English (NZE). The study found that: 1) Compared with BrE, the other six varieties demonstrate a m…
Lexical richness in the speech of Mandarin Chinese for L2 learners
While there has been some exploration into the lexical richness of Chinese writing, there is still a dearth of oral research. Previous extensive studies on the lexical richness of English learners have found a large difference between written and spoken language, yet the applicability of these indices to other languages remains unexplored. This paper, based on a sample of 140 adult native English speakers learning Chinese, investigates the applic…
A cross-linguistic perspective on the relationship between syntactic complexity and Chinese L2 writing quality
Attention-aware semantic relevance predicting Chinese sentence reading
In recent years, several influential computational models and metrics have been proposed to predict how humans comprehend and process sentence. One particularly promising approach is contextual semantic similarity. Inspired by the attention algorithm in Transformer and human memory mechanisms, this study proposes an "attention-aware" approach for computing contextual semantic relevance. This new approach takes into account the different contribut…
Quantitative relationship between distribution of sentence length and dependency distance in Spanish
Sentence length, defined by the number of words contained in a sentence, has always been of great concern in linguistic research. Many studies have been conducted on the distribution of sentence length in specific languages. To further explore the characteristics and patterns of sentence length and their relationship with dependency distance in Spanish, we use the SUD syntactic treebank and conduct a quantitative analysis within the theoretical f…
Long English objects and short Chinese objects
Based on samples from two corpora, we found that Chinese objects tend to be much shorter than English objects, and that unlike in English, Chinese subjects and objects tend to have similar lengths when their information status is controlled. These differences can be explained in terms of a universal need for dependency distance minimization (DDM), reflecting different strategies of sentence organization to meet the universal constraint of working…
Cumulative coverage of Chinese L2 textbooks
Investigating the dynamic relationship of lexical and syntactic complexity in L2 writing across proficiency levels
This study examines the development of lexical and syntactic complexity in L2 writing across five proficiency levels (ST2-ST6) of Chinese EFL learners. Analyzing 3423 essays from the Chinese Learner English Corpus (2003), we employed the Moving-Average Type-Token Ratio and Mean Dependency Distance to measure lexical and syntactic complexity, respectively. Results revealed significant, though non-linear, increase in both measures across proficienc…
Cultural heritage as a key motivation for sustainable language protection
This study explores the complex dynamic interplay between cultural heritage and language protection in the process of dialect planning in Suzhou city. In the context of social tensions surrounding the decline of local dialects and minority languages in China, the central and local governments have inaugurated projects for protecting language resources. Using Cooper's accounting scheme, this study contrasts the Chinese Language Resources Protectio…
Two sides of the same coin? Cross-linguistic sentiment comparison and thematic discovery of reader’s reception of Wolf Totem
Despite growing attention to the global dissemination of cross-cultural literature, rigorous research on cross-linguistic sentiment analysis remains limited, especially for works like Wolf Totem, which hold both worldwide reach and cultural depth. This study conducted a cross-language sentiment and thematic analysis of online book reviews by Chinese and English readers, utilizing advanced linguistic techniques such as BERT, MAXQDA, and ProtAnt. T…
Distance-invoked difficulty as a trigger for errors in Chinese and Japanese EFL learners’ English writings
This study investigates how distance-invoked difficulty, proficiency level and cross-linguistic similarity affect error occurrences by analysing 240 English compositions from Chinese and Japanese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). Dependency distance was used as a metric to measure distance-invoked difficulty and four major types of dependency relations were investigated. The findings reveal that low- and middle-level Chinese and Ja…
Decomposing dependency analysis
Standardized quantitative measurement of texts lies at the heart of digital approaches to humanities. Structure-based textual measures are known to be influenced by the choice of syntactic annotation schemes. Building on previous research, the present article further explores the relation between annotation schemes and the index of mean dependency distance (MDD) by comparing the treebanks of seventeen languages, respectively, within a tree repres…
Defining digital humanities and examining its relationship with linguistics through the lens of Digital Scholarship in the Humanities
Digital humanities (DH) is an emerging interdisciplinary academic field that has gained prominence in recent decades. This study explores the evolution of topics, research impact, and attractiveness of DH through the lens of the journal Digital Scholarship in the Humanities (DSH), a leading platform for DH research, from 1986 to 2023 (in three phases: 1986–2003, 2004–2014, and 2015–2023). The study also examines the role of linguistic research in…
Language Universals in Sentence Length
Sentence length reflects cognitive constraints and stylistic decisions about speech and text segmentation for effective communication, but whether sentence length distributions follow universal patterns across languages and genres remains unclear. This study investigates whether sentence lengths and sub‐sentence lengths—defined as the number of words between sentence‐ending punctuation marks and between adjacent punctuation marks—follow a unified…
Dialect vitality and language attitudes within mass population movements in the Chinese Mainland
Mass population movements and the booming Internet have broken down geographical borders for languages and facilitated language contact, resulting in superdiversity of linguistic landscapes and challenges for maintaining minority languages. Given the extensive discussion regarding the relationship between language attitudes and language use, how language attitudes and language ecology within a country interact with the rapidly developing economy …
Applying large language models for automated essay scoring for non-native Japanese
Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to an increased use of large language models (LLMs) for language assessment tasks such as automated essay scoring (AES), automated listening tests, and automated oral proficiency assessments. The application of LLMs for AES in the context of non-native Japanese, however, remains limited. This study explores the potential of LLM-based AES by comparing the efficiency of different models, …
Basic word order typology revisited
This study quantitatively examines the first five universals of Greenberg’s basic word order typology based on 74 large-scale annotated corpora from two perspectives. The results show that (1) the dominant orders extracted from corpora concur with those retrieved from the World Atlas of Language Structures (henceforth, WALS ) and provide knowledge of dominant orders to languages absent in the WALS , demonstrating the feasibility of adopting corpo…
Revisiting English written VP-ellipsis and VP-substitution
The present study quantitatively investigates the structural features of English written VP-ellipsis (VPE) and VP-substitution (VPS) under the theoretical framework of dependency grammar. Results show that: (a) Both VPE and VPS are human language mechanisms that follow the least effort principle; (b) Dependency distance of segmental and discontinuous linguistic units under the influence of VPE and VPS conform to the right-truncated Zipf-Alekseev …
Long-term care insurance in China
In establishing long-term care insurance (LTCI), China has recognised the need for a robust and sustainable health care and insurance system to effectively meet the evolving needs of its ageing population and the corresponding increasing demand for long-term care (LTC) services. In 2016, China introduced a pilot LTCI program in 15 cities [1]. By 2020, [...]
Inter-school collaboration leaders’ behaviors and underlying leadership styles
Effects of time-restricted feeding and walking exercise on the physical health of female college students with hidden obesity
Purpose Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an emerging dietary pattern with many potential effects. This study focused on the effects of TRF and walking on the physical health of female college students with hidden obesity. Methods A total of 77 female college students with hidden obesity, aged 18–22 years, were randomly assigned to a control group (CON, N = 19), time-restricted feeding group (TRF, N = 19), exercise group (EXE, N = 20), and TRF com…
A bibliometric analysis of sleep in older adults
Background: Sleep problems severely affect the quality of life in the elderly and have gradually gained attention among scholars. As a major hot spot of current research, sleep in older adults is highly exploratory and of great significance for human health. Objective: Therefore, in this study, the current state of the art of sleep research in older adults was analyzed through the visual mapping function of CiteSpace software. Using this software…
Phraseological complexity and low- and intermediate-level L2 learners’ writing quality
This study explores the extent to which phraseological complexity measures can predict second-language (L2) writing quality of low- and intermediate-level learners, especially in comparison with the more traditional syntactic and lexical complexity measures. To measure phraseological complexity, we evaluated phraseological diversity and phraseological sophistication by focusing on two commonly-used phraseological units (adjective-noun and verb-di…
A bibliometric analysis of the Iral over the past six decades
Using a bibliometric analysis of the publications in the International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching (IRAL) , one of the journals with the most extended history in applied linguistics (AL), we combed through three periods of the journal’s development trajectory over 60 years. Specifically, we 1) examined the most frequently discussed topics in IRAL and their evolving patterns; 2) extracted the most highly-cited articles, the …
Speech representation used by Mandarin Chinese-speaking children aged three to six years
This study investigates how Mandarin Chinese-speaking children use Mandarin Chinese, a language lacking tense markers, to represent characters’ speech in their story narratives. Eighty participants, from three to six years of age, completed an elicited narrative task based on a wordless picture book. The representing forms and signals that they employed in representing activities were assessed. The results showed a significant age-related increas…
Dependency direction as a means of word-order typology
The effects of sentence length on dependency distance, dependency direction and the implications-Based on a parallel English-Chinese dependency treebank
Is Trump always rambling like a fourth-grade student? An analysis of stylistic features of Donald Trump’s political discourse during the 2016 election
During the 2016 election, Donald Trump was characterized by his simple, pompous and repetitive language. However, studies have shown that sometimes he does not speak the way he used to. Critical discourse analysis suggests that political discourse analysis should include both the characterization of the text and the systematic description of the context. Thus, this study intends to evaluate stylistic features of Donald Trump’s political discourse…
The effects of genre on dependency distance and dependency direction
Syntactic variations in Chinese–English code-switching
Syntactic differences of adverbials and attributives in Chinese-English code-switching
Motives for Chinese script simplification
The Chinese script simplification movement originated from the debates about Chinese script ( hànzì ) in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This movement was once the dominant part of language planning and language policy in China. The article describes the three major stages of Chinese script reform in the 20th century briefly, using Cooper’s ‘accounting scheme’ and its eight components as its organizing framework. In the case of Chinese sc…
Effects of Syntactic Distance and Word Order on Language Processing
Predicting syntactic choice in Mandarin Chinese
This paper investigates the effects of 10 factors on the choice between alternative ba sentences and SVO sentences in Mandarin Chinese. These factors are givenness, definiteness, animacy and pronominality of NP2s, NP2 length, VP length, verb sense, syntactic parallelism, dependency distance, and surprisal. Using corpus data and mixed-effects logistic regression modeling, we find that on the one hand, givenness, syntactic parallelism, and the log-…
Quantitative analysis of Zamenhof’s Esenco kaj estonteco
The formation of a language community in a planned language is one of the most important steps in its development. Esperanto is the only fully functional language with relative success among more than one thousand planned language projects. Model texts have played a very significant role in the development of Esperanto. Esenco kaj estonteco de la ideo de lingvo internacia (Essence and future of the international language idea) by the founder of E…
Defining digital humanities and examining its relationship with linguistics through the lens of Digital Scholarship in the Humanities
Digital humanities (DH) is an emerging interdisciplinary academic field that has gained prominence in recent decades. This study explores the evolution of topics, research impact, and attractiveness of DH through the lens of the journal Digital Scholarship in the Humanities (DSH), a leading platform for DH research, from 1986 to 2023 (in three phases: 1986–2003, 2004–2014, and 2015–2023). The study also examines the role of linguistic research in…
Evolving means of formal language policy on Putonghua and minority languages on the Chinese mainland (1986–2021)
This study analyses the evolving means of China’s formal language policy on Putonghua and minority languages from 1986 to 2021. This paper identifies four stages based on the shifting focus between Putonghua and minority languages: status planning of the central government (1986–1990), balance via bilingual policy (1991–2000), strong Putonghua spread at all levels (2001–2011), and Putonghua promotion and minority language preservation (2012–2021)…
To predict L2 writing quality using lexical richness indices
Interlanguage
Interlinguistics in China
Interlingvistiko en Ĉinio La aŭtoro skizas la historion de interlingvistiko en Ĉinio kaj resumas la enhavon de kelkaj lastatempaj publikaĵoj. La artikolo priskribas la evoluon ekde fruaj lingvopolitikaj diskutoj tra la kreskanta agnosko de Esperanto kiel scienca esplorindaĵo ĝis la aplikado de interlingvistiko en komputiko kaj terminologio. Gravaj problemoj inkluzivas la malhaveblon de konsultlibroj kaj la malaltan prestigon de tiu fako
Cultural heritage as a key motivation for sustainable language protection
This study explores the complex dynamic interplay between cultural heritage and language protection in the process of dialect planning in Suzhou city. In the context of social tensions surrounding the decline of local dialects and minority languages in China, the central and local governments have inaugurated projects for protecting language resources. Using Cooper's accounting scheme, this study contrasts the Chinese Language Resources Protectio…
Distance-invoked difficulty as a trigger for errors in Chinese and Japanese EFL learners’ English writings
This study investigates how distance-invoked difficulty, proficiency level and cross-linguistic similarity affect error occurrences by analysing 240 English compositions from Chinese and Japanese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). Dependency distance was used as a metric to measure distance-invoked difficulty and four major types of dependency relations were investigated. The findings reveal that low- and middle-level Chinese and Ja…
Language Universals in Sentence Length
Sentence length reflects cognitive constraints and stylistic decisions about speech and text segmentation for effective communication, but whether sentence length distributions follow universal patterns across languages and genres remains unclear. This study investigates whether sentence lengths and sub‐sentence lengths—defined as the number of words between sentence‐ending punctuation marks and between adjacent punctuation marks—follow a unified…
Do English noun phrases tend to minimize dependency distance
Many studies have shown that, owing to the constraint of working memory capacity, language users prefer shorter dependency distances. However, these studies, which are all based on dependency distances in sentences or texts, leave the question unanswered: does noun phrase structure also demonstrate the tendency of dependency distance minimization? To answer this question, the article, based on a self-annotated English corpus, was carried out to p…
What factors are associated with dependency distances to ensure easy comprehension? A case study of ba sentences in Mandarin Chinese
Rhetorical relations revisited across distinct levels of discourse unit granularity
In accordance with the compositionality criterion and hierarchy principle of Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST), this study reframes each tree in the RST Discourse Treebank into three new dependency trees with ultimate nodes being clauses, sentences, and paragraphs, respectively, which also draw on an analogy between syntactic and discourse trees. Detailed percentages of various RST relations at the three granularity levels are examined, illuminat…
Revizio de Wright (2000)
Preview this article: Review of “Community and Communication: The Role of Language in Nation State Building and European Integration” by Sue Wright, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/lplp.27.3.10hai-1.gif
Kiel evoluas interlingvistiko? Kompara studo
A comparison of two major German-language monographs on interlinguistics sheds light on the common basis of the discipline and on its two major theoretical orientations, the sociological and the linguistic. Although interlinguistics properly includes the scientific study and systematic improvement of international linguistic communication in general, the creation and use of planned languages (international auxiliary languages) remains its chief o…
Interlinguistics in China
Interlingvistiko en Ĉinio La aŭtoro skizas la historion de interlingvistiko en Ĉinio kaj resumas la enhavon de kelkaj lastatempaj publikaĵoj. La artikolo priskribas la evoluon ekde fruaj lingvopolitikaj diskutoj tra la kreskanta agnosko de Esperanto kiel scienca esplorindaĵo ĝis la aplikado de interlingvistiko en komputiko kaj terminologio. Gravaj problemoj inkluzivas la malhaveblon de konsultlibroj kaj la malaltan prestigon de tiu fako
Kiel evoluas interlingvistiko? Kompara studo
A comparison of two major German-language monographs on interlinguistics sheds light on the common basis of the discipline and on its two major theoretical orientations, the sociological and the linguistic. Although interlinguistics properly includes the scientific study and systematic improvement of international linguistic communication in general, the creation and use of planned languages (international auxiliary languages) remains its chief o…
Revizio de Wright (2000)
Preview this article: Review of “Community and Communication: The Role of Language in Nation State Building and European Integration” by Sue Wright, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/lplp.27.3.10hai-1.gif
Neutrality of International Languages
This paper focuses on the neutrality of international languages. First, a derivation of the concept of “neutral language” from “inter- national communicative act” is provided; it is argued that an acceptable neutral language for international communication can only be an artificial language. Certain characterizations of consciously created languages are discussed. The paper distinguishes two types of neutrality: communicative neutrality and lingu…
Dependency Distance as a Metric of Language Comprehension Difficulty
Linguistic complexity is a measure of the cognitive difficulty of human \nlanguage processing. The present paper proposes dependency distance, in the \nframework of dependency grammar, as an insightful metric of complexity. \nThree hypotheses are formulated: (1) The human language parser prefers linear \norders that minimize the average dependency distance of the recognized \nsentence (2) There is a threshold that the average dependency distance …
Dependency direction as a means of word-order typology
Quantitative analysis of Zamenhof’s Esenco kaj estonteco
The formation of a language community in a planned language is one of the most important steps in its development. Esperanto is the only fully functional language with relative success among more than one thousand planned language projects. Model texts have played a very significant role in the development of Esperanto. Esenco kaj estonteco de la ideo de lingvo internacia (Essence and future of the international language idea) by the founder of E…
Language Problems and Language Planning
As one of the most authoritative journals in the field of language planning, Language Problems and Language Planning has a long history. In this paper, we describe the development and changes that the journal has experienced in different periods, the characteristics that have remained constant, and the role that it has played in the development of language planning. To this end, we collected information from the first 100 issues of the journal (1…
Syntactic variations in Chinese–English code-switching
The risks of mixing dependency lengths from sequences of different length
Mixing dependency lengths from sequences of different length is a common practice in language research. However, the empirical distribution of dependency lengths of sentences of the same length differs from that of sentences of varying length. The distribution of dependency lengths depends on sentence length for real sentences and also under the null hypothesis that dependencies connect vertices located in random positions of the sequence. This s…
Ideologies of Supreme Court Justices
Judicial ideology is a latent trait that cannot be directly observed; its measurement must rely upon inferences drawn from observable traits or properties. In this paper, we assume that judicial ideologies of Supreme Court Justices may be inferred from the contents or themes of their authorial opinion texts, which embody their jurisprudential interpretation and reasoning on particular disputes of hard cases. The contents or themes of six opinion …
Traditional chinese medicine Zhiqiao–Houpu herb-pair induce bidirectional effects on gastric motility in rats
Motives for Chinese script simplification
The Chinese script simplification movement originated from the debates about Chinese script ( hànzì ) in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This movement was once the dominant part of language planning and language policy in China. The article describes the three major stages of Chinese script reform in the 20th century briefly, using Cooper’s ‘accounting scheme’ and its eight components as its organizing framework. In the case of Chinese sc…
The effects of sentence length on dependency distance, dependency direction and the implications-Based on a parallel English-Chinese dependency treebank
A discursive analytical path of appellate court opinions
Appellate court opinions are written records based on the debates and discussions on hard cases among nine Justices in the US Supreme Court. This important genre type resists any easy paradigm of examination due to its extreme complexity in both language and law. In this paper, we propose an analytical path built upon White’s framework (
Visualizing structural “inverted pyramids” in English news discourse across levels
Drawing on an analogy between discourse and syntactic trees, this paper chooses 359 Wall Street Journal articles with multiple paragraphs from the Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) Discourse Treebank, and converts each discourse tree into three additional dependency ones, at discourse, paragraph and sentence levels, with exclusively elementary discourse units of clauses, sentences and paragraphs, respectively. It empirically tests and visually pr…
Rhetorical relations revisited across distinct levels of discourse unit granularity
In accordance with the compositionality criterion and hierarchy principle of Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST), this study reframes each tree in the RST Discourse Treebank into three new dependency trees with ultimate nodes being clauses, sentences, and paragraphs, respectively, which also draw on an analogy between syntactic and discourse trees. Detailed percentages of various RST relations at the three granularity levels are examined, illuminat…
Syntactic differences of adverbials and attributives in Chinese-English code-switching
Dependency distance
Is Trump always rambling like a fourth-grade student? An analysis of stylistic features of Donald Trump’s political discourse during the 2016 election
During the 2016 election, Donald Trump was characterized by his simple, pompous and repetitive language. However, studies have shown that sometimes he does not speak the way he used to. Critical discourse analysis suggests that political discourse analysis should include both the characterization of the text and the systematic description of the context. Thus, this study intends to evaluate stylistic features of Donald Trump’s political discourse…
From planned language to language planning
This paper explores how Esperanto (Esperantists) plays an important role in Chinese language reform during 1911–1958. It divides the period into three stages and describes Esperantists’ activities from three perspectives accordingly: roles, goals/results and motives. The paper reveals Esperantists’ roles have transformed from “people with influence” to “people with expertise” and then “people with power.” From the perspective of goals/results, th…
The effects of genre on dependency distance and dependency direction
Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Codonopsis
Valency and English learners’ thesauri
Learners’ thesauri do not simply offer an inventory of semantically related lexical items but explicate their nuances and furnish users with rich syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic information. Adopting the theoretical framework of valency, this study examines the distinctive features of two English learners’ thesauri, the Oxford Learner’s Thesaurus: A Dictionary of Synonyms (OLT) and the Longman Language Activator (LLA). Furthermore, the study, …
International symposium on the formation and development of the Chinese nation with multi-ethnic groups——to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the publication of Fei Xiaotong’s theory of the Chinese …
A Summary of International Symposium on the Formation and Development of the Chinese Nation with Multi-ethnic Groups in order to Commemorate the 30th Anniversary of the Publication of Fei Xiaotong’s Theory of the Chinese Nation with Multi-ethnic Groups
Linguistics (48 obras) · Computer Science (44 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (26 obras) · Philosophy (26 obras) · Natural language processing (25 obras) · Sociology (23 obras) · Natural Language Processing Techniques (22 obras) · Psychology (20 obras) · Political science (18 obras) · Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism (13 obras)