Kenneth Shields

• Linguistic Typology and Historical Linguistics

  Kenneth Shields•BOOK•The Oxford Handbook Of Linguistic…•2010

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  Linguistic typology has come to play an important, multifaceted role in the long-established field of historical linguistics. Its manifestations within historical linguistic study are addressed. The examples chosen to illustrate these applications are drawn from Indo-European historical linguistics. A major interest of historical linguists in recent years has been the establishment of macrofamilies through the identification of distant linguistic…

• More on the origin of the Indo-European feminine gender

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Linguistica•2010

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  This brief paper has two related purposes. First, it represents a response to Ledo-Lemos' criticisms (2003) of the theory of the origin of the Indo-European feminine gender presented in Shields (1995 and elsewhere) - a theory based on the established typological principle that demonstratives (in this case, a demonstrative in *a) are key in the emergence of gender systems because of their dual role as anaphora and attributive modifiers. Second, th…

• Some Comments about Early Germanic Cardinal Direction Words

  Kenneth Shields, Kenneth Shields Jr•ARTICLE•Historical Linguistics•2008

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• A proposal about the origin of the indo-european locative plural

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Linguistica•2005

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  One of the most significant recent developments in the field of historical lin­ guistics has been the identification of what Fox (1995: 194) calls '"laws' oflanguage development"-a methodology "for determining which changes are more likely than others, and ... criteria for determining the overall direction of linguistic change." This methodology is largely an aspect of what has come to be known as "grammati­ calization theory," which, according t…

• On the Origin of the * es -/* wes - Suppletion in the Germanic Copula

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•NOWELE. North-Western European…•2004

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• Speculations About the Origin of the Indo-European O-Stems

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Folia Linguistica Historica•2002

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• Gothic 2nd Dual -ts and West Germanic 2nd Singular -st

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•NOWELE. North-Western European…•2001

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• On the origin of the Baltic and Slavic o -stem genitive singular Suffix * -ād

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Baltistica•2001

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  DĖL BALTŲ IR SLAVŲ KALBŲ o KAMIENO VIENASKAITOS KILMININKO SUFIKSO *-ād KILMĖS Baltų ir slavų kalbų o kamieno gen. sg. sufikso *-dd kilmė aiškinama remiantis „naujuoju požiūriu“ į ide. morfologiją. Teigiama, kad šis sufiksas atsirado gramatikalizuojant deiktinę dalelytę *a, kuri kontaminavusi su deiktine dalelyte *(e/o)T. Taip susiformavo vienas iš vėlesnės nominalinės paradigmos fleksinių elementų. Dėstomą aiškinimą remia tai, kad toks procesas …

• A note on the pronominal origin of the Indo-European first person singular verbal desinence

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•WORD•2001•Referências: 8

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  Although it is widely assumed that the athematic verbal suffixes of Indo-European derive etymologically from affixed personal pronouns, the problem has remained to explain why the first person singular secondary ending *-m appears to have as its etymon the oblique stem of the corresponding pronoun, not the nominative form in *eg(h)om. However, in light of current views of the process of grammaticalization, it is plausible to assert that *eg(h)om …

• Germanic Dative Personal Pronouns in *-S

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Folia Linguistica Historica•1999

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  L'origine de la forme dative des pronoms personnels dans les dialectes pre-germaniques pour la forme *-s, qui devient *-z en proto-germanique est un probleme historique qui continue d'interesser les chercheurs apres plusieurs decennies de debats. Differentes explications de la formation du datif ont ete donnees. L'A. propose une nouvelle explication possible de l'origine de cette formation, qui fait appel a la comparaison des langues hittite et g…

• On the Etymology of the Indo-European Third Person Dual Active Secondary Verbal Suffix -Tām

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Folia Linguistica Historica•1997

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  Article ON THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN THIRD PERSON DUAL ACTIVE SECONDARY VERBAL SUFFIX -tām was published on January 1, 1997 in the journal Folia Linguistica (volume 31, issue Historica-vol-18-1-2)

• Linguistic typology and reconstruction

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•WORD•1997•Referências: 5

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  Typological considerations have recently come to play an important role in the reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European. This paper explores the use of the so-called animacy hierarchy as a means of illuminating the status of the grammatical category of number in both verbal and nominal paradigms just prior to the dissolution of the Indo-European speech community. Specifically, on the basis of extant data, the animacy hierarchy implies that the late …

• The Origin of the Vedic 2nd Sing. Imperative in -SI

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields, Shields Shields•ARTICLE•Indo-Iranian Journal•1997•Referências: 4

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• Positive Anymore in Southeastern Pennsylvania

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•American Speech•1997•Citada por: 2•Referências: 2

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• Speculations About the Etymology of the Indo-European Cardinal 6’

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Folia Linguistica Historica•1996

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  L'un des mysteres etymologiques les plus interessants de la linguistique indo-europeenne est la reconstruction du cardinal 6. Le probleme vient du fait que les formes attestees presentent une grande variete d'etymons. L'A. examine ici quelques propositions recentes concernant les cardinaux indo-europeens afin d'aboutir a une resolution raisonnable du probleme de la forme de 6. En se basant sur ces conclusions, il specule sur la connexion de la ra…

• The Indo-European Genitive Marker *- R

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•NOWELE. North-Western European…•1995

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• On the Indo-European origin of Lith. 2 nd du. verbal suffix -ta

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Baltistica•1994

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• The Origin of the Ie -R-/-N- Stems

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Folia Linguistica Historica•1994

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  En pre-indo-europeen, les suffixes r et n ont ete associes dans un meme paradigme ou le nominatif-accusatif etait forme par le radical r et ou les cas obliques etaient formes sur la base du radical n. L'A. apporte une explication possible a l'origine des radicaux r-/n- en pre-indo-europeen

• The role of deictic particles in the IE personal pronoun system

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•WORD•1994•Citada por: 1•Referências: 7

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  It is well known that deictic particles were affixed to personal pronouns in Indo-European. Three possible functions of these deictics are explored, and the most reasonable explanation is identified on the basis of comparative and typological evidence. In short, it is argued that these deictics served to derive emphatic pronominal forms

• On the Origin of the Hittite Particle -z(a)

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Linguistica•1993

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  In the field of Hittite linguistic studies, recent scholarship has been especially interested in the nature and origin of the particles so frequently attested in this language. Among the most intriguing of these morphemes is -z( a), about which H.A. Hoffner (1969, 1973) has made important observations. He points out that, although the use of this particle in verbal sentences has long been correctly identified as "Reflexivum [ ... ], das [ ... ] f…

• The Indo-European Locative Particle *We

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Folia Linguistica Historica•1993

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  Article THE INDO-EUROPEAN LOCATIVE PARTICLE *we: THE ETYMON OF THE HITTITE "QUOTATION PARTICLE" -wa(r)- was published on January 1, 1993 in the journal Folia Linguistica (volume 27, issue Historica-vol-14-1-2)

• Rattleband(ing) 'Shivaree

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•American Speech•1993

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• A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology

  Kenneth Shields•BOOK•A history of Indo-European verb…•1992

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  This book explores the origin and evolution of important grammatical categories of the Indo-European verb, including the markers of person, tense, number, aspect, and mood. Its central thesis is that many of these markers can be traced to original deictic particles which were incorporated into verbal structures in order to indicate the 'hic and nunc' and various degrees of remoteness from the 'hic and nunc'. The alterations to which these deictic…

• On The Origin of The Germanic Decads, 70-100

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•NOWELE. North-Western European…•1992

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• A Note on the Greasy/Greazy Isogloss in East-Central Pennsylvania

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•American Speech•1989

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• Positive Anymore in Southeastern Pennsylvania

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•American Speech•1997•Citada por: 2•Referências: 2

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• Germanisms in Pennsylvania English

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•American Speech•1985•Citada por: 2•Referências: 1

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  I ter, Pennsylvania, like to tell story about a Dutch farmer who allowed his favorite son to go to college. On graduation boy jumped off train and ran a few steps to meet his folks standing shyly in background. His dear old mother said: 'John, I'm so proud of you; you're a college graduate now, ain't?Ya, Mom; I'm one now,'said boy. 'Well, I hope you learned a lot in four long years you was away,' said father. 'Why, Pop, you know'd when I went awa…

• The role of deictic particles in the IE personal pronoun system

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•WORD•1994•Citada por: 1•Referências: 7

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  It is well known that deictic particles were affixed to personal pronouns in Indo-European. Three possible functions of these deictics are explored, and the most reasonable explanation is identified on the basis of comparative and typological evidence. In short, it is argued that these deictics served to derive emphatic pronominal forms

• Distinguishers and their Implications for Semantic Theory

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Studies in Language•1977

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• English Gender

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields, KENNETH JR SHIELDS•ARTICLE•Linguistics•1978

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• The origin of the ie endingless locative

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Linguistica•1979

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  In this paper is presented a new hypothesis regarding the development of the so-called "endingless locative" construction of Indo-European. It is argued that locative formations in -ē, and * ī came to appear in the , o-stem nouns through the monophthongization of word-final *-oi and *-ei before word-initial consonants. These formations were analogically extended to the other stem-classes, with the suffix*-ē, frequently hypercharacterized by the l…

• Indo-European Basic Colour Terms

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•The Canadian Journal of…•1979

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  Berlin and Kay (1969) present strong evidence that “all languages share a universal system of basic colour categorization” and that “the basic color-term inventories of most languages expand through time by lexicalizing these categories in a highly constrained, universal order” (Kay and McDaniel 1978:610). The validity of these conclusions has also been demonstrated by Collier et al. (1976) and by Kay and McDaniel (1978). The evolutionary process…

• Some speculations about the early Indo-European verb

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•WORD•1980•Referências: 7

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• The indo-european third person plural verbal suffix

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Linguistica•1981

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  In this paper it is suggested that the original form of the Indo­ European third person plural verbal suffix was *-(e/o)N and that the nasal element which appears in this suffix was or ginally a deictic particle with 'there and then' signification

• The Origin of the Tocharian Locative Suffixes

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Journal of the American Oriental…•1982

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• Indo-European Noun Inflection

  Sarah Grey Thomason, Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Language•1983

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• Speculations About the Indo-European Cardinals 5-10

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Diachronica•1985

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  On the basis of some recent research in Indo-European phonology and morphology, it is suggested in this paper that the IE cardinals 5 to 10 were subject to affixation by non-singular markers. These markers, probably originating as quantitative enclitic adverbs, were added to these numerals in order to hypercharacterize their inherent non-singular meaning. Specifically, it is proposed that '5', '7', '8', '9', and '10' were all hypercharacterized b…

• Germanisms in Pennsylvania English

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•American Speech•1985•Citada por: 2•Referências: 1

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  I ter, Pennsylvania, like to tell story about a Dutch farmer who allowed his favorite son to go to college. On graduation boy jumped off train and ran a few steps to meet his folks standing shyly in background. His dear old mother said: 'John, I'm so proud of you; you're a college graduate now, ain't?Ya, Mom; I'm one now,'said boy. 'Well, I hope you learned a lot in four long years you was away,' said father. 'Why, Pop, you know'd when I went awa…

• The Lithuanian imperative suffix -k(i)

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Baltistica•1986

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• On the Indo-European ablative

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Emerita•1987

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• Gothic izwis

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•NOWELE. North-Western European…•1987

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• A Note on the Greasy/Greazy Isogloss in East-Central Pennsylvania

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•American Speech•1989

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• A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology

  Kenneth Shields•BOOK•A history of Indo-European verb…•1992

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  This book explores the origin and evolution of important grammatical categories of the Indo-European verb, including the markers of person, tense, number, aspect, and mood. Its central thesis is that many of these markers can be traced to original deictic particles which were incorporated into verbal structures in order to indicate the 'hic and nunc' and various degrees of remoteness from the 'hic and nunc'. The alterations to which these deictic…

• On The Origin of The Germanic Decads, 70-100

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•NOWELE. North-Western European…•1992

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• On the Origin of the Hittite Particle -z(a)

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Linguistica•1993

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  In the field of Hittite linguistic studies, recent scholarship has been especially interested in the nature and origin of the particles so frequently attested in this language. Among the most intriguing of these morphemes is -z( a), about which H.A. Hoffner (1969, 1973) has made important observations. He points out that, although the use of this particle in verbal sentences has long been correctly identified as "Reflexivum [ ... ], das [ ... ] f…

• The Indo-European Locative Particle *We

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Folia Linguistica Historica•1993

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  Article THE INDO-EUROPEAN LOCATIVE PARTICLE *we: THE ETYMON OF THE HITTITE "QUOTATION PARTICLE" -wa(r)- was published on January 1, 1993 in the journal Folia Linguistica (volume 27, issue Historica-vol-14-1-2)

• Rattleband(ing) 'Shivaree

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•American Speech•1993

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• On the Indo-European origin of Lith. 2 nd du. verbal suffix -ta

  Open Access•Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Baltistica•1994

  Incluir item

• The Origin of the Ie -R-/-N- Stems

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Folia Linguistica Historica•1994

  Incluir item

  En pre-indo-europeen, les suffixes r et n ont ete associes dans un meme paradigme ou le nominatif-accusatif etait forme par le radical r et ou les cas obliques etaient formes sur la base du radical n. L'A. apporte une explication possible a l'origine des radicaux r-/n- en pre-indo-europeen

• The role of deictic particles in the IE personal pronoun system

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•WORD•1994•Citada por: 1•Referências: 7

  Incluir item

  It is well known that deictic particles were affixed to personal pronouns in Indo-European. Three possible functions of these deictics are explored, and the most reasonable explanation is identified on the basis of comparative and typological evidence. In short, it is argued that these deictics served to derive emphatic pronominal forms

• The Indo-European Genitive Marker *- R

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•NOWELE. North-Western European…•1995

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• Speculations About the Etymology of the Indo-European Cardinal 6’

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Folia Linguistica Historica•1996

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  L'un des mysteres etymologiques les plus interessants de la linguistique indo-europeenne est la reconstruction du cardinal 6. Le probleme vient du fait que les formes attestees presentent une grande variete d'etymons. L'A. examine ici quelques propositions recentes concernant les cardinaux indo-europeens afin d'aboutir a une resolution raisonnable du probleme de la forme de 6. En se basant sur ces conclusions, il specule sur la connexion de la ra…

• On the Etymology of the Indo-European Third Person Dual Active Secondary Verbal Suffix -Tām

  Kenneth Shields•ARTICLE•Folia Linguistica Historica•1997

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  Article ON THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN THIRD PERSON DUAL ACTIVE SECONDARY VERBAL SUFFIX -tām was published on January 1, 1997 in the journal Folia Linguistica (volume 31, issue Historica-vol-18-1-2)

Philosophy (33 obras) · Linguistics (32 obras) · Linguistics and language evolution (30 obras) · History (20 obras) · Lexicography and Language Studies (14 obras) · Linguistics and Cultural Studies (11 obras) · History (8 obras) · Computer Science (7 obras) · Psychology (7 obras) · Suffix (7 obras)