H N Fouts
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3872 |
|---|---|
| NOME | H N Fouts |
| PRENOMES | H N |
| SOBRENOME | Fouts |
| ASSINATURA | FOUTS H N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Tennessee at Knoxville |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4794-268X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 128 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2001 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Stepfamilies, adoption and other forms of the family in hunter-gatherers
The original aim of this Hunter-Gatherer Research special issue was to examine what was known about stepfamilies in hunter-gatherer cultures.While stepfamilies Factors that can contribute to hunter-gatherer children living with non-genetic relatives DivorceTwo demographic factors can contribute substantially to a high frequency of step and adoptive families are high adult mortality and high divorce rates.Marlowe (2010:178) indicates that 'perhaps…
Stepfathers and grandmothers
Hunter-gatherer (aka forager) child-rearing has been frequently depicted as highly cooperative, with infants and children receiving care from many individuals, including parents and extensive alloparental networks. Although considerable research has been conducted exemplifying these patterns among hunter-gatherers, stepfamilies have rarely been addressed in these studies. Among Central African foragers, including the Bofi foragers, divorce and re…
Infant Care Practices among Resettled Refugee Mothers from East and Central Africa
Refugees often parent under extreme circumstances. Parenting practices have implications for child outcomes, and parenting in the context of refugee resettlement is likely to be dynamic as parents negotiate a new culture. This study examined African origin mothers' infant care values and practices related to feeding, carrying, and daily activities following resettlement in the Southeastern region of the U.S. Ten African origin mothers were asked …
Feasibility and Acceptability of Implementing a Culturally Adapted Cooking Curriculum for Burundian and Congolese Refugee Families
Pika Pamoja (Cook Together) is an eight-session cooking curriculum for Burundian and Congolese refugee families, culturally adapted from the evidence-based iCook 4-H curriculum to address dietary acculturation barriers to and facilitators of food security. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of implementing Pika Pamoja. Researchers and a multilingual community aid implemented Pika Pamoja in a pre-post pilot i…
Ethnicity as a predictor of gender segregation among young children in an informal urban settlement in Kenya
Although the emergence of gender segregation in early childhood is a well‐established pattern in formal settings (i.e., group childcare, preschool) from research predominantly in North America, little is known about the gender segregation among young children in Sub‐Saharan Africa, especially in the contexts of ethnically diverse informal urban settlements. Using naturalistic observations of 62 focal‐children (2 to 4 year olds) from 4 ethnic grou…
Parents’ perceptions about infant emotions
U.S. obesity as delayed effect of excess sugar
In the last century, U.S. diets were transformed, including the addition of sugars to industrially-processed foods. While excess sugar has often been implicated in the dramatic increase in U.S. adult obesity over the past 30 years, an unexplained question is why the increase in obesity took place many years after the increases in U.S. sugar consumption. To address this, here we explain adult obesity increase as the cumulative effect of increased …
Barriers and Facilitators to Food Security among Adult Burundian and Congolese Refugee Females Resettled in the US
Sub-Saharan African refugees in the US have reported food security rates seven times below the national average. Dietary acculturation issues may be a contributing factor. Criterion-specific sample (n = 18) was recruited using network then snowball sampling methods. Semi-structured interviews were facilitated with the aid of a culturally and linguistically appropriate interpreter. An iterative, two cycle coding analytic process was completed with…
Young Children's Social Networks in an Informal Urban Settlement in Kenya
Children's social networks comprise a variety of social partners who interact with the child in unique ways and contribute distinctly to her social and emotional development. This study examines the structure of children's social networks from four different ethnic groups (Kamba, Kikuyu, Luo, and Maasai) residing in an informal urban settlement in Kenya. Twenty boys and 24 girls ( M = 40 months) were observed on three different weekdays for 2 hr …
The Use of Infant Confinement Equipment in Community-Based Child Care Centers
Cultural Models of Infant Emotions and Needs Among the Gamo People of Southern Ethiopia
How mothers perceive their infants’ emotions and their subsequent responses are influenced by cultural values and beliefs. Mothers who live in particularly harsh environments may have perceptions about their infants’ emotions that reflect not only cultural values but also constraints of the environment. In this qualitative study, 29 Gamo mothers living in rural Ethiopia were interviewed about perceptions of their infants’ emotions, how they felt …
Weanling Emotional Patterns among the Bofi Foragers of Central Africa
This chapter explores to understand variability in fussing and crying frequencies among Bofi forager children during the weaning process by examining the possible impact of demographic variables and individual differences in caregiver sensitivity. Bofi forager children stopped nursing of their own accord, and their parents did not employ any specific techniques to speed the process. Weaning is often viewed as the classic example of parent-offspri…
Connections Between Prenatal Physical Activity and Breastfeeding Decisions
Women who engage in prenatal physical activity give themselves, and their child, an advantage over women who did not engage in prenatal physical activity; not only are there significant health benefits for mothers, but there are also great benefits for the unborn child. Breastfeeding is another important decision parents make that can affect the mother and her child. There has been extensive research on the benefits of both prenatal physical acti…
Parenting and Environmental Risk
Infant Social Interactions With Multiple Caregivers
Most studies of diverse populations of families within the United States have either focused predominantly on ethnicity or socioeconomic status (SES), and those that have examined both ethnicity and SES have noted difficulties in disentangling the effects of SES and ethnicity. In order to achieve a greater understanding of variation in infant experiences with parental and nonparental caregivers in differing socioeconomic and ethnic contexts, 41 i…
A Biocultural Approach to Breastfeeding Interactions in Central Africa
Anthropologists have long recognized that breastfeeding involves much more than feeding; it entails intimate social interactions between infants or children and their mothers. However, breastfeeding has predominantly been studied with respect to structural features (frequency, timing) as well as nutritional and health aspects of infant feeding. Thus, in this study we complement previous anthropological studies by examining social interactions tha…
Social Learning Among Congo Basin Hunter–Gatherers
This chapter explores childhood social learning among Aka and Bofi hunter–gatherers in Central Africa. Existing literature suggests that hunter– gatherer social learning is primarily vertical (parent-to-child) and that teaching is rare. We use behavioural observations, open-ended and semi-structured interviews, and informal and anecdotal observations to examine the modes (e.g. vertical versus horizontal/oblique) and processes (e.g. teaching versu…
Cultural and Developmental Variation in Toddlers' Interactions With Other Children in Two Small-Scale Societies in Central Africa
In this paper we present a cross-cultural study of toddler interactions with other juveniles (1-15 years of age) in two small-scale societies, the Bofi farmers and foragers of Central Africa. This paper provides a unique perspective because child dev
Who feeds children? A child's-eye-view of caregiver feeding patterns among the Aka foragers in Congo
Father Involvement With Young Children Among the Aka and Bofi Foragers
In this article, the nature of father involvement with young children (1-4 years of age) among the Aka and Bofi foragers of Central Africa is examined. Human behavioral ecology predictions about fathering indicate that father involvement is associated with cultural values, such as lack of warfare, non-violent ideology, flexible gender roles, the high evaluation of both male and female children, residence patterns, and the kin resources of fathers…
Mothers' and Fathers' Behaviors Toward Their 3- to 4-Month-Old Infants in Lower, Middle, and Upper Socioeconomic African American Families
African American mothers' and fathers' availability, caregiving, and social behaviors toward their infants in and around their homes were examined. Twenty lower, 21 middle, and 21 upper socioeconomic families and their 3- to 4-month-old infants were observed for 4 3-hr blocks between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on 4 different weekdays. With increasing economic resources, children's exposure to multiple caregivers and nonresident fathers declined. Mot…
Parent-Offspring Weaning Conflicts among the Bofi Farmers and Foragers of Central Africa
Parentoffspring conflict theory suggests that the reproductive interests of parents and children may conflict when parents want to have another child and an existing child wants continued parental attention and resources. This conflict leads toddlers to throw temper tantrums and use other psychological weapons to maintain parental investment. Few studies employing this theory have considered both the cultural and the biological contexts of weanin…
Social and Emotional Contexts of Weaning among Bofi Farmers and Foragers
Weaning is a topic of much theoretical interest in anthropology, psychology, and public health. Several specific images about weaning are ubiquitous throughout the scholarly literature, but these are inadequate for describing the full spectrum of social and emotional factors involved in weaning. The images are evaluated in the context of comparative data collected among the Bofi farmers and foragers. While most studies of weaning have focused on …
Weaning and the nature of early childhood interactions among bofi foragers in central Africa
Parent-Offspring Weaning Conflicts among the Bofi Farmers and Foragers of Central Africa
Parentoffspring conflict theory suggests that the reproductive interests of parents and children may conflict when parents want to have another child and an existing child wants continued parental attention and resources. This conflict leads toddlers to throw temper tantrums and use other psychological weapons to maintain parental investment. Few studies employing this theory have considered both the cultural and the biological contexts of weanin…
Who feeds children? A child's-eye-view of caregiver feeding patterns among the Aka foragers in Congo
Mothers' and Fathers' Behaviors Toward Their 3- to 4-Month-Old Infants in Lower, Middle, and Upper Socioeconomic African American Families
African American mothers' and fathers' availability, caregiving, and social behaviors toward their infants in and around their homes were examined. Twenty lower, 21 middle, and 21 upper socioeconomic families and their 3- to 4-month-old infants were observed for 4 3-hr blocks between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on 4 different weekdays. With increasing economic resources, children's exposure to multiple caregivers and nonresident fathers declined. Mot…
A Biocultural Approach to Breastfeeding Interactions in Central Africa
Anthropologists have long recognized that breastfeeding involves much more than feeding; it entails intimate social interactions between infants or children and their mothers. However, breastfeeding has predominantly been studied with respect to structural features (frequency, timing) as well as nutritional and health aspects of infant feeding. Thus, in this study we complement previous anthropological studies by examining social interactions tha…
Father Involvement With Young Children Among the Aka and Bofi Foragers
In this article, the nature of father involvement with young children (1-4 years of age) among the Aka and Bofi foragers of Central Africa is examined. Human behavioral ecology predictions about fathering indicate that father involvement is associated with cultural values, such as lack of warfare, non-violent ideology, flexible gender roles, the high evaluation of both male and female children, residence patterns, and the kin resources of fathers…
Social and Emotional Contexts of Weaning among Bofi Farmers and Foragers
Weaning is a topic of much theoretical interest in anthropology, psychology, and public health. Several specific images about weaning are ubiquitous throughout the scholarly literature, but these are inadequate for describing the full spectrum of social and emotional factors involved in weaning. The images are evaluated in the context of comparative data collected among the Bofi farmers and foragers. While most studies of weaning have focused on …
Weaning and the nature of early childhood interactions among bofi foragers in central Africa
Infant Social Interactions With Multiple Caregivers
Most studies of diverse populations of families within the United States have either focused predominantly on ethnicity or socioeconomic status (SES), and those that have examined both ethnicity and SES have noted difficulties in disentangling the effects of SES and ethnicity. In order to achieve a greater understanding of variation in infant experiences with parental and nonparental caregivers in differing socioeconomic and ethnic contexts, 41 i…
Stepfamilies, adoption and other forms of the family in hunter-gatherers
The original aim of this Hunter-Gatherer Research special issue was to examine what was known about stepfamilies in hunter-gatherer cultures.While stepfamilies Factors that can contribute to hunter-gatherer children living with non-genetic relatives DivorceTwo demographic factors can contribute substantially to a high frequency of step and adoptive families are high adult mortality and high divorce rates.Marlowe (2010:178) indicates that 'perhaps…
Stepfathers and grandmothers
Hunter-gatherer (aka forager) child-rearing has been frequently depicted as highly cooperative, with infants and children receiving care from many individuals, including parents and extensive alloparental networks. Although considerable research has been conducted exemplifying these patterns among hunter-gatherers, stepfamilies have rarely been addressed in these studies. Among Central African foragers, including the Bofi foragers, divorce and re…
Ethnicity as a predictor of gender segregation among young children in an informal urban settlement in Kenya
Although the emergence of gender segregation in early childhood is a well‐established pattern in formal settings (i.e., group childcare, preschool) from research predominantly in North America, little is known about the gender segregation among young children in Sub‐Saharan Africa, especially in the contexts of ethnically diverse informal urban settlements. Using naturalistic observations of 62 focal‐children (2 to 4 year olds) from 4 ethnic grou…
Young Children's Social Networks in an Informal Urban Settlement in Kenya
Children's social networks comprise a variety of social partners who interact with the child in unique ways and contribute distinctly to her social and emotional development. This study examines the structure of children's social networks from four different ethnic groups (Kamba, Kikuyu, Luo, and Maasai) residing in an informal urban settlement in Kenya. Twenty boys and 24 girls ( M = 40 months) were observed on three different weekdays for 2 hr …
Cultural Models of Infant Emotions and Needs Among the Gamo People of Southern Ethiopia
How mothers perceive their infants’ emotions and their subsequent responses are influenced by cultural values and beliefs. Mothers who live in particularly harsh environments may have perceptions about their infants’ emotions that reflect not only cultural values but also constraints of the environment. In this qualitative study, 29 Gamo mothers living in rural Ethiopia were interviewed about perceptions of their infants’ emotions, how they felt …
Connections Between Prenatal Physical Activity and Breastfeeding Decisions
Women who engage in prenatal physical activity give themselves, and their child, an advantage over women who did not engage in prenatal physical activity; not only are there significant health benefits for mothers, but there are also great benefits for the unborn child. Breastfeeding is another important decision parents make that can affect the mother and her child. There has been extensive research on the benefits of both prenatal physical acti…
Weaning and the nature of early childhood interactions among bofi foragers in central Africa
Social and Emotional Contexts of Weaning among Bofi Farmers and Foragers
Weaning is a topic of much theoretical interest in anthropology, psychology, and public health. Several specific images about weaning are ubiquitous throughout the scholarly literature, but these are inadequate for describing the full spectrum of social and emotional factors involved in weaning. The images are evaluated in the context of comparative data collected among the Bofi farmers and foragers. While most studies of weaning have focused on …
Mothers' and Fathers' Behaviors Toward Their 3- to 4-Month-Old Infants in Lower, Middle, and Upper Socioeconomic African American Families
African American mothers' and fathers' availability, caregiving, and social behaviors toward their infants in and around their homes were examined. Twenty lower, 21 middle, and 21 upper socioeconomic families and their 3- to 4-month-old infants were observed for 4 3-hr blocks between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on 4 different weekdays. With increasing economic resources, children's exposure to multiple caregivers and nonresident fathers declined. Mot…
Parent-Offspring Weaning Conflicts among the Bofi Farmers and Foragers of Central Africa
Parentoffspring conflict theory suggests that the reproductive interests of parents and children may conflict when parents want to have another child and an existing child wants continued parental attention and resources. This conflict leads toddlers to throw temper tantrums and use other psychological weapons to maintain parental investment. Few studies employing this theory have considered both the cultural and the biological contexts of weanin…
Father Involvement With Young Children Among the Aka and Bofi Foragers
In this article, the nature of father involvement with young children (1-4 years of age) among the Aka and Bofi foragers of Central Africa is examined. Human behavioral ecology predictions about fathering indicate that father involvement is associated with cultural values, such as lack of warfare, non-violent ideology, flexible gender roles, the high evaluation of both male and female children, residence patterns, and the kin resources of fathers…
Cultural and Developmental Variation in Toddlers' Interactions With Other Children in Two Small-Scale Societies in Central Africa
In this paper we present a cross-cultural study of toddler interactions with other juveniles (1-15 years of age) in two small-scale societies, the Bofi farmers and foragers of Central Africa. This paper provides a unique perspective because child dev
Who feeds children? A child's-eye-view of caregiver feeding patterns among the Aka foragers in Congo
Social Learning Among Congo Basin Hunter–Gatherers
This chapter explores childhood social learning among Aka and Bofi hunter–gatherers in Central Africa. Existing literature suggests that hunter– gatherer social learning is primarily vertical (parent-to-child) and that teaching is rare. We use behavioural observations, open-ended and semi-structured interviews, and informal and anecdotal observations to examine the modes (e.g. vertical versus horizontal/oblique) and processes (e.g. teaching versu…
Infant Social Interactions With Multiple Caregivers
Most studies of diverse populations of families within the United States have either focused predominantly on ethnicity or socioeconomic status (SES), and those that have examined both ethnicity and SES have noted difficulties in disentangling the effects of SES and ethnicity. In order to achieve a greater understanding of variation in infant experiences with parental and nonparental caregivers in differing socioeconomic and ethnic contexts, 41 i…
A Biocultural Approach to Breastfeeding Interactions in Central Africa
Anthropologists have long recognized that breastfeeding involves much more than feeding; it entails intimate social interactions between infants or children and their mothers. However, breastfeeding has predominantly been studied with respect to structural features (frequency, timing) as well as nutritional and health aspects of infant feeding. Thus, in this study we complement previous anthropological studies by examining social interactions tha…
Parenting and Environmental Risk
Weanling Emotional Patterns among the Bofi Foragers of Central Africa
This chapter explores to understand variability in fussing and crying frequencies among Bofi forager children during the weaning process by examining the possible impact of demographic variables and individual differences in caregiver sensitivity. Bofi forager children stopped nursing of their own accord, and their parents did not employ any specific techniques to speed the process. Weaning is often viewed as the classic example of parent-offspri…
Connections Between Prenatal Physical Activity and Breastfeeding Decisions
Women who engage in prenatal physical activity give themselves, and their child, an advantage over women who did not engage in prenatal physical activity; not only are there significant health benefits for mothers, but there are also great benefits for the unborn child. Breastfeeding is another important decision parents make that can affect the mother and her child. There has been extensive research on the benefits of both prenatal physical acti…
The Use of Infant Confinement Equipment in Community-Based Child Care Centers
Cultural Models of Infant Emotions and Needs Among the Gamo People of Southern Ethiopia
How mothers perceive their infants’ emotions and their subsequent responses are influenced by cultural values and beliefs. Mothers who live in particularly harsh environments may have perceptions about their infants’ emotions that reflect not only cultural values but also constraints of the environment. In this qualitative study, 29 Gamo mothers living in rural Ethiopia were interviewed about perceptions of their infants’ emotions, how they felt …
Parents’ perceptions about infant emotions
U.S. obesity as delayed effect of excess sugar
In the last century, U.S. diets were transformed, including the addition of sugars to industrially-processed foods. While excess sugar has often been implicated in the dramatic increase in U.S. adult obesity over the past 30 years, an unexplained question is why the increase in obesity took place many years after the increases in U.S. sugar consumption. To address this, here we explain adult obesity increase as the cumulative effect of increased …
Barriers and Facilitators to Food Security among Adult Burundian and Congolese Refugee Females Resettled in the US
Sub-Saharan African refugees in the US have reported food security rates seven times below the national average. Dietary acculturation issues may be a contributing factor. Criterion-specific sample (n = 18) was recruited using network then snowball sampling methods. Semi-structured interviews were facilitated with the aid of a culturally and linguistically appropriate interpreter. An iterative, two cycle coding analytic process was completed with…
Young Children's Social Networks in an Informal Urban Settlement in Kenya
Children's social networks comprise a variety of social partners who interact with the child in unique ways and contribute distinctly to her social and emotional development. This study examines the structure of children's social networks from four different ethnic groups (Kamba, Kikuyu, Luo, and Maasai) residing in an informal urban settlement in Kenya. Twenty boys and 24 girls ( M = 40 months) were observed on three different weekdays for 2 hr …
Infant Care Practices among Resettled Refugee Mothers from East and Central Africa
Refugees often parent under extreme circumstances. Parenting practices have implications for child outcomes, and parenting in the context of refugee resettlement is likely to be dynamic as parents negotiate a new culture. This study examined African origin mothers' infant care values and practices related to feeding, carrying, and daily activities following resettlement in the Southeastern region of the U.S. Ten African origin mothers were asked …
Feasibility and Acceptability of Implementing a Culturally Adapted Cooking Curriculum for Burundian and Congolese Refugee Families
Pika Pamoja (Cook Together) is an eight-session cooking curriculum for Burundian and Congolese refugee families, culturally adapted from the evidence-based iCook 4-H curriculum to address dietary acculturation barriers to and facilitators of food security. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of implementing Pika Pamoja. Researchers and a multilingual community aid implemented Pika Pamoja in a pre-post pilot i…
Ethnicity as a predictor of gender segregation among young children in an informal urban settlement in Kenya
Although the emergence of gender segregation in early childhood is a well‐established pattern in formal settings (i.e., group childcare, preschool) from research predominantly in North America, little is known about the gender segregation among young children in Sub‐Saharan Africa, especially in the contexts of ethnically diverse informal urban settlements. Using naturalistic observations of 62 focal‐children (2 to 4 year olds) from 4 ethnic grou…
Stepfamilies, adoption and other forms of the family in hunter-gatherers
The original aim of this Hunter-Gatherer Research special issue was to examine what was known about stepfamilies in hunter-gatherer cultures.While stepfamilies Factors that can contribute to hunter-gatherer children living with non-genetic relatives DivorceTwo demographic factors can contribute substantially to a high frequency of step and adoptive families are high adult mortality and high divorce rates.Marlowe (2010:178) indicates that 'perhaps…
Stepfathers and grandmothers
Hunter-gatherer (aka forager) child-rearing has been frequently depicted as highly cooperative, with infants and children receiving care from many individuals, including parents and extensive alloparental networks. Although considerable research has been conducted exemplifying these patterns among hunter-gatherers, stepfamilies have rarely been addressed in these studies. Among Central African foragers, including the Bofi foragers, divorce and re…
Psychology (20 obras) · Developmental psychology (16 obras) · Sociology (13 obras) · Medicine (12 obras) · Geography (9 obras) · Demography (8 obras) · Demography (8 obras) · Biology (6 obras) · Social Psychology (6 obras) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (5 obras)