Kaj Bjorkqvist
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 389449 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Kaj Bjorkqvist |
| PRENOMES | Kaj |
| SOBRENOME | Bjorkqvist |
| ASSINATURA | BJORKQVIST K |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Åbo Akademi University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4615-0747 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 46 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 78 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 46 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1982 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
The effect of exposure to armed conflict on depression as mediated by physical punishment
Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between exposure to the Fulani herdsmen attacks among Igbo adolescents in Southeastern Nigeria and depression. Although previous research suggests a direct relationship between armed conflict and depression to exist, it is not known from the literature whether there are indirect paths involved. In a conditional process analysis, it was examined whether physical punishment mediated and gender mod…
The Application of the Structured Democratic Dialogue to Generate Action Plans for a Successful Integration Process in Swedish-Speaking Ostrobothnia
In a previous study on integrating minority groups in Ostrobothnia in 2019, one of the most influential challenges was that Finland was not including native Finns in the integration process. This finding was made using the structured democratic dialogue (SDD). For the present study, the same participatory methodology was applied, wherein 12 participants from diverse socio-economical, cultural, and educational background who reside in Ostrobothnia…
Low intensity intimate partner aggression in Ghana
Sex differences in the perpetration and victimization of low intensity intimate partner aggression (IPA) were investigated in Ghana. The sample consisted of 1,204 adults (mean age 44.1 yrs., SD 13.5), 602 males and 602 females. IPA was measured with the DIAS-Adult questionnaire, which measures perpetration and victimization of physical, indirect, nonverbal, cyber, and economic aggression in a relationship. Males scored higher than females on bein…
Gender differences in aggression
Risk factors for youth violence
The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose. Brad J. Bushman1 Sarah M. Coyne2 Craig A. Anderson3 Kaj Björkqvist4 Paul Boxer5 Kenneth A. Dodge6 Eric F. Dubow7 David P. Farrington8 Douglas A. Gentile9 L. Rowell Huesmann10 Jennifer E. Lansford6 Raymond W. Novaco11 Jamie M. Ostrov12 Marion K. Underwood13 Wayne A. Warburton14 Michele L. Ybarra15 1School of Communication, Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 2Sch…
Overcrowding as a risk factor for domestic violence and antisocial behaviour among adolescents in Ejigbo, Lagos, Nigeria
The results have implications for housing policies in Nigeria. Moreover, these results may also have implications for research and policy making in other nations and parts of the world
Exploring the effects of physical punishment on aggressive behavior and peer victimization
Purpose – Recent studies indicate that exposure to physical punishment is associated with both aggressive behavior and peer victimization at school. The purpose of this paper is to explore the bidirectional relationship between aggressive behavior and peer victimization as outcomes of physical punishment, as well as the role of depressive symptoms. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 2,424 Finnish upper primary school pupils (1,282 girls, 1…
Twenty‐eight years after the complete ban on the physical punishment of children in Finland
In 1983 Finland became the second country in the world, after Sweden, to adopt a law prohibiting all kinds of physical punishment towards children, also by parents. The present investigation was carried out in 2011, 28 years after the law was adopted. Changes in exposure to various types of physical punishment towards respondents born between 1931 and 1996 are presented. A representative sample from Western Finland, consisting of 4,609 respondent…
Of Mice and Women
Journalists’ emotional reactions after working with the Jokela school shooting incident
Journalists’ psychological distress after working with the Jokela school shooting incident was examined with a mixed methods research design using a sample of 196 journalists (27 on the scene, 169 working indirectly with the crisis). Quantitative results were compared to those of a control group of 297 journalists. Results from the quantitative data showed that in all journalists investigated, a minority indicated a level of PTSD, depression, sec…
Higher Rates of Victimization to Physical Abuse by Adults Found among Victims of School Bullying
Retrospective reports of exposure to physical abuse by an adult during childhood was assessed in 874 adolescents (426 boys, 448 girls; M age = 11.5 yr., SD = 0.8) who also reported whether they had been victimized by school bullying. Having been hit by an adult was significantly more common among victims of school bullying (39.5%) than among adolescents not victimized by school bullying (16.8%). No sex difference was found. The finding raises que…
A Cross-Sectional Study of Onset, Cessation, Frequency, and Duration of Children's Temper Tantrums in a Nonclinical Sample
Temper tantrums among young children were investigated with the questionnaire Parents' Experiences of Temper Tantrums in Children. Parents of 132 children (101 mothers, 31 fathers) in a largely Swedish-speaking area of Finland completed the questionnaire. 87% of the parents reported that one or more of their children had had temper tantrums. Of all children in the study, 64.7% began having tantrums when they were 2 or 3 years old; 57.1% did not h…
The effects of exposure to crisis on well-being of journalists
Effects of work-related and personal exposure to potentially traumatic events on PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), depression, compassion fatigue and burnout were examined in 503 Finnish news journalists (238 men, 265 women) by using a web-based survey. Stepwise linear multiple regression analyses showed that two variables significantly predicted all four outcome factors, i.e. PTSD, depression, compassion fatigue and burnout: the variables we…
Identifying a new subcategory of aggression
This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of isolating for analysis an additional component of aggression, namely direct non‐verbal aggression. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic procedures were used to design a self‐report inventory measuring direct physical, direct verbal, indirect and direct non‐verbal aggression (eg. silent treatment) in adults (Sample 1: n = 101 males, n = 112 females; Sample 2: n = 56 males, n = 160 females…
Correlation between Maternal Stress and Children's Stress
Mothers (N = 168, M age = 37.0 yr., SD = 4.6) responded to a questionnaire of scales measuring sources of stress and symptoms of stress within themselves, and symptoms of stress in their 5-8-yr.-old children (61 girls, 98 boys; M age = 7.3 yr., SD = 1.0). Scores on all scales intercorrelated significantly, indicating a relationship between maternal stress and stress of the child. Both types of stress also correlated with the frequency of punishme…
Relation between School Bullying during Adolescence and Subsequent Long-Term Unemployment in Adulthood in a Finnish Sample
The relationship between school bullying in adolescence and long-term unemployment in adulthood was investigated. A questionnaire was distributed to 68 participants of a training program for people with long-term unemployment in Finland. Responses were compared with data of a nationwide investigation (sample 53,394) of the prevalence of school bullying, according to which 8% of Finnish pupils are regularly bullied at least once a week. Among peop…
Adolescents' Use of Tobacco and Alcohol
Correlations for use of tobacco and alcohol of a Finnish sample of 321 adolescents (164 boys, 157 girls; age range 12-16 years) and those of their mothers, fathers, and best friends showed adolescents' use of both tobacco and alcohol correlated more with use by their friends than with parental use. The r for tobacco smoking was higher with maternal than with paternal smoking
Adolescents' Use of Tobacco and Alcohol
Conflicts, Workplace Bullying and Burnout Problems among Municipal Employees
The psychosocial workplace environment among the municipal employees of a Finnish town with 57,000 inhabitants was investigated. The prevalence of both self-experienced and observed cases of conflicts, burnout, and workplace harassment (bullying) was measured. Altogether, 1,961 employees (1,491 women and 309 men) whose mean age was 42.6 yr. (SD = 9.8) participated in the study. Sex, age, and workplace differences were found. Of the respondents, 2…
Parents' Assessments of How Much Time They Spend with Their Children at Different Ages
The self-reported amount of active engagement time parents (n = 1107) and children (n = 773) spend together was investigated with questionnaires. Mothers spent more time with their children than fathers did. The amount of parental quality time decreased with the age of the child, the average across age groups being 4.4 +/- 3.0 hr. for mothers and 3.0 +/- 2.9 hr. for fathers per day. Children reported spending roughly 1 hour more time with their p…
The effect of religiosity and ethnic origin on direct and indirect aggression among males and females
Israeli society is characterized by significant internal divisions. Two of the most salient of these divisions within the Jewish population relate to (1) religiosity (religious vs. secular Jews) and (2) ethnic origin (Eastern [Asian and North African] vs. Western [European and American]). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of these social divisions on aggressive behavior and victimization to aggression among Israeli children. Three t…
Different Names, Same Issue
First of all, let me congratulate the authors for having written an excellent and impor-tant article. It is high time that the problem of the three names for the same issue is addressed, namely, the problem of the competing terms indirect aggression, used by our research group, relational aggression, used by Crick and her colleagues, and social aggression, used by Cairns and his colleagues, although in one article only (Cairns et al., 1989). Late…
Kirsti Lagerspetz (1932–2001)
Overt and covert aggression in work settings in relation to the subjective well‐being of employees
Aggressive behavior was studied in workplaces having (1) predominantly male, (2) predominantly female, or (3) both male and female employees in equal or near equal frequencies. In addition to examining the occurrence of different types of aggression in these workplaces, the question of whether being a target of aggression is related to employees’ subjective well-being was addressed. One hundred sixty-nine participants (mainly 30–50 years of age) …
Kirsti Lagerspetz (1932–2001)
Group aggression among school children in three schools
Mobbing", i.e. school children repeatedly ganging up on the same victims, was studied among 434 12-16 years old children in three schools in Finland. A group of bullies and a group of victims were selected on basis of peer ratings. 13.7% of the boys and 5.4% of the girls were involved in mobbing behaviour. The children's personality variables were studied with questionnaires. The victims had low self-esteem, were subjectively maladjusted, and exp…
Different Names, Same Issue
First of all, let me congratulate the authors for having written an excellent and impor-tant article. It is high time that the problem of the three names for the same issue is addressed, namely, the problem of the competing terms indirect aggression, used by our research group, relational aggression, used by Crick and her colleagues, and social aggression, used by Cairns and his colleagues, although in one article only (Cairns et al., 1989). Late…
Overt and covert aggression in work settings in relation to the subjective well‐being of employees
Aggressive behavior was studied in workplaces having (1) predominantly male, (2) predominantly female, or (3) both male and female employees in equal or near equal frequencies. In addition to examining the occurrence of different types of aggression in these workplaces, the question of whether being a target of aggression is related to employees’ subjective well‐being was addressed. One hundred sixty‐nine participants (mainly 30–50 years of age) …
The effect of religiosity and ethnic origin on direct and indirect aggression among males and females
Israeli society is characterized by significant internal divisions. Two of the most salient of these divisions within the Jewish population relate to (1) religiosity (religious vs. secular Jews) and (2) ethnic origin (Eastern [Asian and North African] vs. Western [European and American]). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of these social divisions on aggressive behavior and victimization to aggression among Israeli children. Three t…
Journalists’ emotional reactions after working with the Jokela school shooting incident
Journalists’ psychological distress after working with the Jokela school shooting incident was examined with a mixed methods research design using a sample of 196 journalists (27 on the scene, 169 working indirectly with the crisis). Quantitative results were compared to those of a control group of 297 journalists. Results from the quantitative data showed that in all journalists investigated, a minority indicated a level of PTSD, depression, sec…
The effects of exposure to crisis on well-being of journalists
Effects of work-related and personal exposure to potentially traumatic events on PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), depression, compassion fatigue and burnout were examined in 503 Finnish news journalists (238 men, 265 women) by using a web-based survey. Stepwise linear multiple regression analyses showed that two variables significantly predicted all four outcome factors, i.e. PTSD, depression, compassion fatigue and burnout: the variables we…
Risk factors for youth violence
The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose. Brad J. Bushman1 Sarah M. Coyne2 Craig A. Anderson3 Kaj Björkqvist4 Paul Boxer5 Kenneth A. Dodge6 Eric F. Dubow7 David P. Farrington8 Douglas A. Gentile9 L. Rowell Huesmann10 Jennifer E. Lansford6 Raymond W. Novaco11 Jamie M. Ostrov12 Marion K. Underwood13 Wayne A. Warburton14 Michele L. Ybarra15 1School of Communication, Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 2Sch…
Exploring the effects of physical punishment on aggressive behavior and peer victimization
Purpose – Recent studies indicate that exposure to physical punishment is associated with both aggressive behavior and peer victimization at school. The purpose of this paper is to explore the bidirectional relationship between aggressive behavior and peer victimization as outcomes of physical punishment, as well as the role of depressive symptoms. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 2,424 Finnish upper primary school pupils (1,282 girls, 1…
Ecstasy from a physiological point of view
The biological study of man is one of today's most rapidly advancing sciences. There is no reason for not utilizing these methodologies of research and the knowledge already gained when studying ecstasy and other similar religious phenomena. Drugs have been used in all parts of the world as an ecstasy technique. Since mental states and physiological correlates always accompany each other, it is obvious that the human mind can be affected by exter…
Group aggression among school children in three schools
Mobbing", i.e. school children repeatedly ganging up on the same victims, was studied among 434 12-16 years old children in three schools in Finland. A group of bullies and a group of victims were selected on basis of peer ratings. 13.7% of the boys and 5.4% of the girls were involved in mobbing behaviour. The children's personality variables were studied with questionnaires. The victims had low self-esteem, were subjectively maladjusted, and exp…
Moral approval of aggression and sex role identity in officer trainees, conscientious objectors to military service, and in a female reference group
The Moral Approval of Aggression Inventory (MAAI) and Bem's Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) were administered to three experimental groups: officer trainees ( = OTs, n = 48), conscientious objectors to military service ( = COs, n = 35), and to a group of women of comparable age (n = 32). Aggression was mostly approved of among OTs and the least among COs, the women scoring in the middle somewhat closer to OTs. Differences in choice of sex role identity…
Is indirect aggression typical of females? gender differences in aggressiveness in 11- to 12-year-old children
Gender differences regarding aggressive behaviour were investigated in 167 school children, 11 to 12 years of age, through peer-rating techniques supported by self-ratings and interviews. The social structure of the peer groups also was studied. The principal finding was that girls made greater use of indirect means of aggression, whereas the boys tended to employ direct means. Gender differences in verbal aggression were less pronounced. The soc…
New Trends in the Study of Female Aggression
Of mice and women
The Development of Direct and Indirect Aggressive Strategies in Males and Females
Do girls manipulate and boys fight? developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression
Gender differences in regard to aggressive behaviour were investigated in a series of studies of schoolchildren of different age cohorts: 8-year-olds (N = 85), 11-year-olds (N = 167), and 15-year-olds (N = 127). Different types of aggressive behaviour were measured with peer nomination techniques, supported by self-ratings. The social structure of the peer groups were also studied. The results of the 11-year-old cohort were previously presented b…
Parental influence on children's self-estimated agressiveness
Parental influence on children's self-estimated aggressivences was measured with inventories. One hundred seventy-four adolescents (85 girls and 89 boys; mean age 13.6 years, SD 0.7) from a suburban school, known as prone to problems of aggression, served as subjects. The dependent variable aggresive personality was measured with the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory [J consult Psychol 21:343, 1974]. Parental influence was measured with scales spec…
World-View and Personality
Les AA. suggerent que les visions du monde des individus d'aujourd'hui peuvent largement s'ecarter des systemes de croyances traditionnels. D'autre part, ils analysent une possible correlation entre les visions du monde et la personnalite des individus. Leur investigation trouve son origine dans un echantillon de jeunes finlandais scolarises dans l'enseignement secondaire, mais aussi a travers des jeunes etudiants residant dans plusieurs pays. On…
Aggression among university employees
Harassment among university employees (n = 338; 162 males, 176 females) was investigated by help of the Work Harassment Scale (WHS), developed for the study. Nineteen cases of severe victimization by harassment were interviewed. Subjectively experienced symptoms of depression and anxiety were estimated with two subscales form SCL-90 [Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Covi L (1973): Psychopharmacology Bulletin 9: 13-28] and aggressiveness was measured with…
Sex differences in covert aggression among adults
In previous studies [Aggressive Behavior 14: 403–414, 1988; Aggressive Behavior 18: 117–127, 1992] it was found that adolescent girls used indirect means of aggression more than adolescent boys, whereas physical aggression was used more by boys, and direct verbal aggression was used equally by both sexes. The present study investigated whether males, as adults, start to employ indirect aggression to the same extent as females. Three hundred thirt…
Peer and Self-Estimated Aggression and Victimization in 8-Year-Old Children From Five Ethnic Groups
The Direct & Indirect Aggression Scales (DIAS) (Björkqvist et al. [1992b] Finland: Åbo Akademi University) were applied in order to investigate the perception of aggression among 8-year-old children (n=404, girls 200, boys 204) in a cross-cultural comparison. Two samples from Finland (Finnish and Swedish-speaking children), two from Chicago, IL (African Americans and Caucasians), and one from Warsaw, Poland, were included in the study. These type…
Testosterone intake and aggressiveness
In a double-blind experiment, human males (n = 27) were given either testosterone (40 mg/day), placebo, or no treatment, over a one week period. Subjective and observer assessed mood estimations were conducted before and after treatment. Testosterone levels in saliva were measured with radioimmunoassay. The results revealed a significant placebo effect [c. f. Medicine and Science in Sports 4: 124–126]: After treatment, the placebo group scored hi…
Cross-cultural evidence of female indirect aggression
Three types of aggressive behavior (physical, verbal, and indirect) were investigated by help of peer estimations based on The Direct & Indirect Aggression Scales (DIAS) (Finland: Åbo Akademi University) [Björkqvist et al., 1992b]. Aggressive behavior of adolescents of three age groups (8, 11, and 15 years old), in Finland, (Finnish and Swedish speakers), Israel (secular and religious Israelis), Italy, and Poland were studied (n=2094). Indirect a…
Bullying as a group process
Bullying was investigated as a group process, a social phenomenon taking place in a school setting among 573 Finnish sixth-grade children (286 girls, 287 boys) aged 12–13 years. Different Participant Roles taken by individual children in the bullying process were examined and related to a) self-estimated behavior in bullying situations, b) social acceptance and social rejection, and c) belongingness to one of the five sociometric status groups (p…
World Views in Modern Society
Social intelligence − empathy = aggression?
Attribution of Aggression to Acts
Factors determining why acts are regarded as aggressive were investigated in a sample of 303 subjects (140 males, 163 females, M age = 17.7 yr., SD = 1.4). A model was tested, according to which people base their attribution of aggression to acts on four factors: (1) intention (yes/no), (2) reason (attack/defense), (3) injury (death/injury/no injury), and (4) mode (weapon/bare hands/nonphysical means). All four factors contributed to the explanat…
Attribution of Aggression to Acts
Different Names, Same Issue
First of all, let me congratulate the authors for having written an excellent and impor-tant article. It is high time that the problem of the three names for the same issue is addressed, namely, the problem of the competing terms indirect aggression, used by our research group, relational aggression, used by Crick and her colleagues, and social aggression, used by Cairns and his colleagues, although in one article only (Cairns et al., 1989). Late…
Kirsti Lagerspetz (1932–2001)
Overt and covert aggression in work settings in relation to the subjective well‐being of employees
Aggressive behavior was studied in workplaces having (1) predominantly male, (2) predominantly female, or (3) both male and female employees in equal or near equal frequencies. In addition to examining the occurrence of different types of aggression in these workplaces, the question of whether being a target of aggression is related to employees’ subjective well-being was addressed. One hundred sixty-nine participants (mainly 30–50 years of age) …
Kirsti Lagerspetz (1932–2001)
Overt and covert aggression in work settings in relation to the subjective well‐being of employees
Aggressive behavior was studied in workplaces having (1) predominantly male, (2) predominantly female, or (3) both male and female employees in equal or near equal frequencies. In addition to examining the occurrence of different types of aggression in these workplaces, the question of whether being a target of aggression is related to employees’ subjective well‐being was addressed. One hundred sixty‐nine participants (mainly 30–50 years of age) …
Psychology (41 obras) · Developmental psychology (28 obras) · Medicine (22 obras) · Aggression (20 obras) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (20 obras) · Clinical Psychology (19 obras) · Poison control (19 obras) · Social Psychology (18 obras) · Injury prevention (16 obras) · Clinical Psychology (15 obras)