Ian Spence
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 390941 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Ian Spence |
| PRENOMES | Ian |
| SOBRENOME | Spence |
| ASSINATURA | SPENCE I |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Toronto |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7382-8170 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 8 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 3 |
| OBRAS COMO AUTOR | 8 |
| OBRAS COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1973 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2007 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Playing an Action Video Game Reduces Gender Differences in Spatial Cognition
We demonstrate a previously unknown gender difference in the distribution of spatial attention, a basic capacity that supports higher-level spatial cognition. More remarkably, we found that playing an action video game can virtually eliminate this gender difference in spatial attention and simultaneously decrease the gender disparity in mental rotation ability, a higher-level process in spatial cognition. After only 10 hr of training with an acti…
(Thucydides, Woodhead, and Kleon*)
The Perception of Statistical Graphs
Graphs have been an essential tool for the analysis and communication of statistical data for about 200 years. Despite widespread use and their importance in science, business, and many other walks of life, relatively little is known about how people perceive and process statistical graphs. This article reviews several empirical studies designed to explore the suitability of various graphs for a variety of purposes, and discusses the relevant the…
A Simple Approximation For Random Rankings Stress Values
Potentially more convenient than either a table or a graph of random rankings stress values is a simple analytic expression which takes as arguments N, the number of points, and D, the number of dimensions and then yields the expected stress value. Such a function is developed here, and it is shown that the error of the approximation is of the same magnitude as the standard error of the means of the original Monte Carlo data. The approximation is…
Using distance information in the design of large multidimensional scaling experiments
Using distance information in the design of large multidimensional scaling experiments
Good nonmetric multidimensional scaling algorithms have been available for more than a decade (Kruskal, 1964), and the large number of published applications attests to their popularity and usefulness. These procedures are capable of constructing a configuration of points in a metric space using no more than the ordinal properties of the data in a matrix of dissimilariti es—thus the characterization nonmetric. Despite the fact that a large body o…
The Determination of the Underlying Dimensionality of an Empirically Obtained Matrix of Proximities
A completely automatic procedure for determining the underlying dimensionality of an empirically obtained matrix of proximities is described. This technique is based on the results of an extensive Monte Carlo experiment and may be applied to matrices of order 12 to 36 inclusive. A computer program which will implement the procedure is available from the authors
A Table of Expected Stress Values for Random Rankings in Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling
The results of applying a nonmetric multidimensional scaling algorithm to sets of pseudo random data are used as the basis for constructing, by means of regression techniques, a table which will assist a user to decide whether empirically obtained data sets are the result of a random process. The table covers the range from 12 to 48 objects (points) for one to five recovered dimensions
The Perception of Statistical Graphs
Graphs have been an essential tool for the analysis and communication of statistical data for about 200 years. Despite widespread use and their importance in science, business, and many other walks of life, relatively little is known about how people perceive and process statistical graphs. This article reviews several empirical studies designed to explore the suitability of various graphs for a variety of purposes, and discusses the relevant the…
A Table of Expected Stress Values for Random Rankings in Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling
The results of applying a nonmetric multidimensional scaling algorithm to sets of pseudo random data are used as the basis for constructing, by means of regression techniques, a table which will assist a user to decide whether empirically obtained data sets are the result of a random process. The table covers the range from 12 to 48 objects (points) for one to five recovered dimensions
The Determination of the Underlying Dimensionality of an Empirically Obtained Matrix of Proximities
A completely automatic procedure for determining the underlying dimensionality of an empirically obtained matrix of proximities is described. This technique is based on the results of an extensive Monte Carlo experiment and may be applied to matrices of order 12 to 36 inclusive. A computer program which will implement the procedure is available from the authors
A Simple Approximation For Random Rankings Stress Values
Potentially more convenient than either a table or a graph of random rankings stress values is a simple analytic expression which takes as arguments N, the number of points, and D, the number of dimensions and then yields the expected stress value. Such a function is developed here, and it is shown that the error of the approximation is of the same magnitude as the standard error of the means of the original Monte Carlo data. The approximation is…
Using distance information in the design of large multidimensional scaling experiments
Using distance information in the design of large multidimensional scaling experiments
Good nonmetric multidimensional scaling algorithms have been available for more than a decade (Kruskal, 1964), and the large number of published applications attests to their popularity and usefulness. These procedures are capable of constructing a configuration of points in a metric space using no more than the ordinal properties of the data in a matrix of dissimilariti es—thus the characterization nonmetric. Despite the fact that a large body o…
The Perception of Statistical Graphs
Graphs have been an essential tool for the analysis and communication of statistical data for about 200 years. Despite widespread use and their importance in science, business, and many other walks of life, relatively little is known about how people perceive and process statistical graphs. This article reviews several empirical studies designed to explore the suitability of various graphs for a variety of purposes, and discusses the relevant the…
(Thucydides, Woodhead, and Kleon*)
Playing an Action Video Game Reduces Gender Differences in Spatial Cognition
We demonstrate a previously unknown gender difference in the distribution of spatial attention, a basic capacity that supports higher-level spatial cognition. More remarkably, we found that playing an action video game can virtually eliminate this gender difference in spatial attention and simultaneously decrease the gender disparity in mental rotation ability, a higher-level process in spatial cognition. After only 10 hr of training with an acti…
Computer Science (7 obras) · Mathematics (6 obras) · Statistics (5 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (4 obras) · Psychology (4 obras) · Data mining (3 obras) · Multidimensional scaling (3 obras) · Scaling (3 obras) · Advanced Statistical Methods and Models (2 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (2 obras)