P Tubaro
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 39639 |
|---|---|
| NOME | P Tubaro |
| PRENOMES | P |
| SOBRENOME | Tubaro |
| ASSINATURA | TUBARO P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Greenwich |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1215-9145 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 46 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 142 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 46 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2008 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Recommendations for conducting ethical network research
Ethical considerations in social network studies are grounded in the general principles of human subjects’ research, including avoidance of harm, promotion of justice, equitable distribution of burdens and benefits, respect for human dignity, and protection of confidentiality. To help navigate these challenges, this article presents recommendations for conducting ethical network research, developed by a multi-disciplinary and multi-national worki…
Globalization in water infrastructure
Purpose Water is a key sector with major repercussions on health, the natural environment and the economy. Public ownership and control of water infrastructures are the norm in most countries. Yet some private water companies emerged as early as the 19th century. In the past few decades, many governments, especially in developing countries, have sought the involvement of the private sector. This study aims to contribute to the extant literature b…
The dual footprint of artificial intelligence
International audience
The digital labour of artificial intelligence in Latin America
International audience
Uninvited Protagonists
Data workers use digital platforms to perform on‐demand online tasks for technology industries, in a competitive landscape that extends beyond national borders and drives down remunerations. Using a mixed‐method approach that combines survey data and in‐depth interviews, this article explores the emergence of labour agency among Spanish‐speaking data workers in Latin America, with a focus on crisis‐stricken Venezuela. Results show that data worke…
Where does AI come from? A global case study across Europe, Africa, and Latin America
This article examines the organisational and geographical forces that shape the supply chains of artificial intelligence (AI) through outsourced and offshored data work. Bridging sociological theories of relational inequalities and embeddedness with critical approaches to Global Value Chains, we conduct a global case study of the digitally enabled organisation of data work in France, Madagascar, and Venezuela. The AI supply chains procure data wo…
The role of digital platforms in market coordination through quality valuations. The case of restaurants
How do digital platforms affect coordination in the restaurant market? In particular, how do they reshape firms' positions in the quality space and their dependence on both consumers' valuations and competitors' choices? Focusing on the case of a widely used platform for restaurant booking and reviewing, we analyze the dine-in services market in the city of Lille, France. In line with economic sociology's definition of markets as concrete social …
Voir et faire voir les graphes de réseaux personnels
L'analyse des réseaux personnels étudie les relations sociales des individus et utilise de plus en plus la visualisation de ces réseaux en situation d'enquête. Cependant, le fait de voir son réseau objectivé dans une image ne laisse pas une personne inchangée. S'appuyant sur deux protocoles de recherche différents, cet article présente quelques réactions que suscite la co-construction du réseau personnel à l'aide de visualisations et examine l'im…
Who Bears the Burden of a Pandemic? Covid-19 and the Transfer of Risk to Digital Platform Workers
In this paper, we analyze the recessionary effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on digital platform workers. The crisis has been described as a great work-from-home experiment, with platform ecosystems presenting as its most advanced form. Our analysis differentiates the direct (health) and indirect (economic) risks incurred by workers in order to critically assess the portrayal of platforms as buffers against crisis-induced layoffs. We submit that p…
A meso-scale cartography of the AI ecosystem
Recently, the set of knowledge referred to as “artificial intelligence” (AI) has become a mainstay of scientific research. AI techniques have not only greatly developed within their native areas of development but have also spread in terms of their application to multiple areas of science and technology. We conduct a large-scale analysis of AI in science. The first question we address is the composition of what is commonly labeled AI, and how the…
Research Ethics in the Age of Digital Platforms
Scientific research is growingly increasingly reliant on "microwork" or "crowdsourcing" provided by digital platforms to collect new data. Digital platforms connect clients and workers, charging a fee for an algorithmically managed workflow based on Terms of Service agreements. Although these platforms offer a way to make a living or complement other sources of income, microworkers lack fundamental labor rights and basic safe working conditions, …
Hidden inequalities
Around the world, myriad workers perform micro-tasks on online platforms to train and calibrate artificial intelligence solutions. Despite its apparent openness to anyone with basic skills, this form of crowd-work fails to fill gender gaps, and may even exacerbate them. We demonstrate this result in three steps. First, inequalities in both the professional and domestic spheres turn micro-tasking into a 'third shift' that adds to already heavy sch…
Learners in the loop
Today's artificial intelligence, largely based on data-intensive machine learning algorithms, relies heavily on the digital labour of invisibilized and precarized humans-in-the-loop who perform multiple functions of data preparation, verification of results, and even impersonation when algorithms fail. Using original quantitative and qualitative data, the present article shows that these workers are highly educated, engage significant (sometimes …
Whose results are these anyway? Reciprocity and the ethics of “giving back” after social network research
Bridging the social networks, field methods and ethics literatures, I make the case that the process of reporting research findings is an ethical issue, and recommend elevating it in the research design. I draw on a reflective account of three research experiences with settings in, respectively, online health communities, economic organizations, and the mainstream media. I proceed in steps, discussing release of personal network results to indivi…
Social network analysis
Disembedded or Deeply Embedded? A Multi-Level Network Analysis of Online Labour Platforms
This article extends the economic-sociological concept of embeddedness to encompass not only social networks of, for example, friendship or kinship ties, but also economic networks of ownership and control relationships. Applying these ideas to the case of digital platform labour pinpoints two possible scenarios. When platforms take the role of market intermediaries, economic ties are thin and workers are left to their own devices, in a form of '…
Counting ‘micro-workers’
‘Micro-work’ consists of fragmented data tasks that myriad providers execute on online platforms. While crucial to the development of data-based technologies, this poorly visible and geographically spread activity is particularly difficult to measure. To fill this gap, we combined qualitative and quantitative methods (online surveys, in-depth interviews, capture-recapture techniques and web traffic analytics) to count micro-workers in a single co…
Digital inequalities 3.0
Marking the 25th anniversary of the “digital divide,” we continue our metaphor of the digital inequality stack by mapping out the rapidly evolving nature of digital inequality using a broad lens. We tackle complex, and often unseen, inequalities spawned by the platform economy, automation, big data, algorithms, cybercrime, cybersafety, gaming, emotional well-being, assistive technologies, civic engagement, and mobility. These inequalities are wov…
Digital inequalities 2.0
2020 marks the 25th anniversary of the “digital divide.” Although a quarter century has passed, legacy digital inequalities continue, and emergent digital inequalities are proliferating. Many of the initial schisms identified in 1995 are still relevant today. Twenty-five years later, foundational access inequalities continue to separate the digital haves and the digital have-nots within and across countries. In addition, even ubiquitous-access po…
Digital inequalities in time of pandemic
In this article, we argue that new kinds of risk are emerging with the COVID-19 virus, and that these risks are unequally distributed. As we expose to view, digital inequalities and social inequalities are rendering certain subgroups significantly more vulnerable to exposure to COVID-19. Vulnerable populations bearing disproportionate risks include the social isolated, older adults, penal system subjects, digitally disadvantaged students, gig wor…
The trainer, the verifier, the imitator
This paper sheds light on the role of digital platform labour in the development of today's artificial intelligence, predicated on data-intensive machine learning algorithms. Focus is on the specific ways in which outsourcing of data tasks to myriad 'micro-workers', recruited and managed through specialized platforms, powers virtual assistants, self-driving vehicles and connected objects. Using qualitative data from multiple sources, we show that…
La vie privée, un bien commun
La vie privée s’est transformée sous l’effet des technologies numériques et des modèles d’affaires des plateformes. L’ancienne notion de privacy comme pénétration dans l’espace intime d’une personne a laissé place à une privacy « comme négociation », contextuelle et évolutive, dépendant de l’environnement social de chacun. Cette négociation doit être collective et associer les droits des usagers aux enjeux généraux de l’économie et du travail de …
Le moment big data des sciences sociales
National audience
Visualization in Mixed-Methods Research on Social Networks
International audience
The Visual Sociogram in Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Research
The paper investigates the place of visual tools in mixed-methods research on social networks, arguing that they can not only improve the communicability of results, but also support research at the data gathering and analysis stages. Three examples from the authors' own research experience illustrate how sociograms can be integrated in multiple ways with other analytical tools, both quantitative and qualitative, positioning visualization at the …
The trainer, the verifier, the imitator
This paper sheds light on the role of digital platform labour in the development of today's artificial intelligence, predicated on data-intensive machine learning algorithms. Focus is on the specific ways in which outsourcing of data tasks to myriad 'micro-workers', recruited and managed through specialized platforms, powers virtual assistants, self-driving vehicles and connected objects. Using qualitative data from multiple sources, we show that…
The Visual Sociogram in Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Research
The paper investigates the place of visual tools in mixed-methods research on social networks, arguing that they can not only improve the communicability of results, but also support research at the data gathering and analysis stages. Three examples from the authors' own research experience illustrate how sociograms can be integrated in multiple ways with other analytical tools, both quantitative and qualitative, positioning visualization at the …
Eliciting Personal Network Data in Web Surveys through Participant-generated Sociograms
The article presents a method to elicit personal network data in Internet surveys, exploiting the renowned appeal of network visualizations to reduce respondent burden and risk of dropout. It is a participant-generated computer-based sociogram, an interactive graphical interface enabling participants to draw their own personal networks with simple and intuitive tools. In a study of users of websites on eating disorders, we have embedded the socio…
Against the Hypothesis of the End of Privacy
Disembedded or Deeply Embedded? A Multi-Level Network Analysis of Online Labour Platforms
This article extends the economic-sociological concept of embeddedness to encompass not only social networks of, for example, friendship or kinship ties, but also economic networks of ownership and control relationships. Applying these ideas to the case of digital platform labour pinpoints two possible scenarios. When platforms take the role of market intermediaries, economic ties are thin and workers are left to their own devices, in a form of '…
Le moment big data des sciences sociales
National audience
Visualization in Mixed-Methods Research on Social Networks
International audience
Social Media Censorship in Times of Political Unrest - A Social Simulation Experiment with the UK Riots
Following the 2011 wave of political unrest, extending from the Arab Spring to the UK riots, the formation of a large consensus around Internet censorship is underway. The present paper adopts a social simulation approach to show that the decision to “regulate”, filter or censor social media in situations of unrest changes the pattern of civil protest and ultimately results in higher levels of violence. Building on Epstein's (2002) agent-based mo…
Ten years of Ana
Resume This paper offers a methodical review of the scientific literature of the last decade that concerns itself with online services offering supportive advocacy for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa ('pro-ana' and 'pro-mia'). The main question is whether these studies reproduce the traditional divide in the study of eating disorders, between clinical and social science perspectives, with limited mutual exchanges. Having first identified a s…
An Ethnographic Seduction’’
“ Une séduction ethnographique ” — Comment la recherche qualitative et la modélisation par agents peuvent bénéficier l’un à l’autre : Nous proposons ici un cadre analytique général pour des simultations multi-agent informées par des données empiriques. Cette méthode pourrait fournir aux modèles par agents d’aujourd’hui une représentation correcte et appropriée des comportements d’agents sociaux, une représentation que les données statistiques éch…
Sociability and support in online eating disorder communities
We study how people select their health support ties from their broader personal networks, taking into account the interplay of web-based and face-to-face interactions. We focus on users of self-styled Internet communities on eating disorders, often dubbed “pro-ana” and “pro-mia” and widely feared to contribute to maintaining and spreading these disorders. Despite the controversial anti-medical stances of some of them, “ana-mia” websites may chan…
The digital labour of artificial intelligence in Latin America
International audience
Who Bears the Burden of a Pandemic? Covid-19 and the Transfer of Risk to Digital Platform Workers
In this paper, we analyze the recessionary effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on digital platform workers. The crisis has been described as a great work-from-home experiment, with platform ecosystems presenting as its most advanced form. Our analysis differentiates the direct (health) and indirect (economic) risks incurred by workers in order to critically assess the portrayal of platforms as buffers against crisis-induced layoffs. We submit that p…
Réseaux et controverses
La problématique des relations entre normes et structures sociales est aussi ancienne que la sociologie elle-même. Dans cet article, nous explorons les effets d'une controverse normative sur l'évolution, au sein d'une organisation, du turnover relationnel entre les membres et sur la structure relationnelle qui en résulte. Notre illustration et nos analyses s'appuient sur des données empiriques recueillies pour une étude de l'évolution du réseau d…
The dual footprint of artificial intelligence
International audience
Uninvited Protagonists
Data workers use digital platforms to perform on‐demand online tasks for technology industries, in a competitive landscape that extends beyond national borders and drives down remunerations. Using a mixed‐method approach that combines survey data and in‐depth interviews, this article explores the emergence of labour agency among Spanish‐speaking data workers in Latin America, with a focus on crisis‐stricken Venezuela. Results show that data worke…
Where does AI come from? A global case study across Europe, Africa, and Latin America
This article examines the organisational and geographical forces that shape the supply chains of artificial intelligence (AI) through outsourced and offshored data work. Bridging sociological theories of relational inequalities and embeddedness with critical approaches to Global Value Chains, we conduct a global case study of the digitally enabled organisation of data work in France, Madagascar, and Venezuela. The AI supply chains procure data wo…
How to Build Consensus in a Health-Oriented Online Community
Cet article présente un modèle multi-agents à partir d'un forum internet sur la santé. Si la littérature récente démontre la pertinence des approches de réseau pour comprendre les mécanismes de formation du consensus au sein des groupes de pairs en ligne, le processus dynamique d'ajustement mutuel des orientations de santé des participants a rarement été exploré. Notre modèle est fondé sur les données qualitatives collectées au moyen d'entretiens…
Sociology and Social Networks
Book Review essay on texts: \n \nChristina Prell \nSocial Network Analysis: History, Theory and Methodology \nLondon: SAGE, 2011, £26.99 pbk (ISBN: 9781412947152), 272 pp. \n \nThomas W Valente \nSocial Networks and Health: Models, Methods and Applications \nOxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, £32.99 hbk (ISBN: 9780195301014), 292 pp. \n \nMatthew O Jackson \nSocial and Economic Networks \nPrinceton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010, £32.9…
Réseaux et controverses
La problématique des relations entre normes et structures sociales est aussi ancienne que la sociologie elle-même. Dans cet article, nous explorons les effets d'une controverse normative sur l'évolution, au sein d'une organisation, du turnover relationnel entre les membres et sur la structure relationnelle qui en résulte. Notre illustration et nos analyses s'appuient sur des données empiriques recueillies pour une étude de l'évolution du réseau d…
An Ethnographic Seduction’’
“ Une séduction ethnographique ” — Comment la recherche qualitative et la modélisation par agents peuvent bénéficier l’un à l’autre : Nous proposons ici un cadre analytique général pour des simultations multi-agent informées par des données empiriques. Cette méthode pourrait fournir aux modèles par agents d’aujourd’hui une représentation correcte et appropriée des comportements d’agents sociaux, une représentation que les données statistiques éch…
Why Net Censorship in Times of Political Unrest Results in More Violent Uprisings
Norms, status and the dynamics of advice networks
Social Media Censorship in Times of Political Unrest - A Social Simulation Experiment with the UK Riots
Following the 2011 wave of political unrest, extending from the Arab Spring to the UK riots, the formation of a large consensus around Internet censorship is underway. The present paper adopts a social simulation approach to show that the decision to “regulate”, filter or censor social media in situations of unrest changes the pattern of civil protest and ultimately results in higher levels of violence. Building on Epstein's (2002) agent-based mo…
Ten years of Ana
Resume This paper offers a methodical review of the scientific literature of the last decade that concerns itself with online services offering supportive advocacy for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa ('pro-ana' and 'pro-mia'). The main question is whether these studies reproduce the traditional divide in the study of eating disorders, between clinical and social science perspectives, with limited mutual exchanges. Having first identified a s…
Against the Hypothesis of the End of Privacy
Three Approaches to Privacy
Conclusions
Modeling a Complex World Using Agent-Based Simulations
Stakeholders and Their Actions
The Role of Corporate Actors
Five Lessons from an Agent-Based Approach to Privacy in Social Media
Background
How to Build Consensus in a Health-Oriented Online Community
Cet article présente un modèle multi-agents à partir d’un forum internet sur la santé. Si la littérature récente démontre la pertinence des approches de réseau pour comprendre les mécanismes de formation du consensus au sein des groupes de pairs en ligne, le processus dynamique d’ajustement mutuel des orientations de santé des participants a rarement été exploré. Notre modèle est fondé sur les données qualitatives collectées au moyen d’entretiens…
Sociability and support in online eating disorder communities
We study how people select their health support ties from their broader personal networks, taking into account the interplay of web-based and face-to-face interactions. We focus on users of self-styled Internet communities on eating disorders, often dubbed “pro-ana” and “pro-mia” and widely feared to contribute to maintaining and spreading these disorders. Despite the controversial anti-medical stances of some of them, “ana-mia” websites may chan…
A Tale of Two Destinies
Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen edited the English translation of Hermann Heinrich Gossen's 1854 book The Laws of Human Relations and wrote a lengthy introduction to it. His highly appreciative, thoroughly documented study has become a major reference on an otherwise little-known early writer. It suggests that Gossen was unjustly ignored by his contemporaries, just as Georgescu-Roegen felt that his own contributions to economics were insufficiently rec…
How to Build Consensus in a Health-Oriented Online Community
Cet article présente un modèle multi-agents à partir d'un forum internet sur la santé. Si la littérature récente démontre la pertinence des approches de réseau pour comprendre les mécanismes de formation du consensus au sein des groupes de pairs en ligne, le processus dynamique d'ajustement mutuel des orientations de santé des participants a rarement été exploré. Notre modèle est fondé sur les données qualitatives collectées au moyen d'entretiens…
Eliciting Personal Network Data in Web Surveys through Participant-generated Sociograms
The article presents a method to elicit personal network data in Internet surveys, exploiting the renowned appeal of network visualizations to reduce respondent burden and risk of dropout. It is a participant-generated computer-based sociogram, an interactive graphical interface enabling participants to draw their own personal networks with simple and intuitive tools. In a study of users of websites on eating disorders, we have embedded the socio…
Sociology and Social Networks
Book Review essay on texts: \n \nChristina Prell \nSocial Network Analysis: History, Theory and Methodology \nLondon: SAGE, 2011, £26.99 pbk (ISBN: 9781412947152), 272 pp. \n \nThomas W Valente \nSocial Networks and Health: Models, Methods and Applications \nOxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, £32.99 hbk (ISBN: 9780195301014), 292 pp. \n \nMatthew O Jackson \nSocial and Economic Networks \nPrinceton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010, £32.9…
Microeconomics, History of
Visualization in Mixed-Methods Research on Social Networks
International audience
The Visual Sociogram in Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Research
The paper investigates the place of visual tools in mixed-methods research on social networks, arguing that they can not only improve the communicability of results, but also support research at the data gathering and analysis stages. Three examples from the authors' own research experience illustrate how sociograms can be integrated in multiple ways with other analytical tools, both quantitative and qualitative, positioning visualization at the …
Le moment big data des sciences sociales
National audience
La vie privée, un bien commun
La vie privée s’est transformée sous l’effet des technologies numériques et des modèles d’affaires des plateformes. L’ancienne notion de privacy comme pénétration dans l’espace intime d’une personne a laissé place à une privacy « comme négociation », contextuelle et évolutive, dépendant de l’environnement social de chacun. Cette négociation doit être collective et associer les droits des usagers aux enjeux généraux de l’économie et du travail de …
Computer Science (25 obras) · Political science (23 obras) · Sociology (22 obras) · Business (15 obras) · Psychology (14 obras) · Digital Economy and Work Transformation (13 obras) · Law (12 obras) · Social science (11 obras) · Data science (10 obras) · Economics (9 obras)