Jennifer Nicoll Victor
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4122630 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Jennifer Nicoll Victor |
| PRENOMES | Jennifer Nicoll |
| SOBRENOME | Victor |
| ASSINATURA | VICTOR J N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | George Mason University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6254-8782 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 27 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 157 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 14 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 13 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2000 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Meeting Students Where They Are
Objective The goal of this project is to test the effectiveness of various get‐out‐the‐vote (GOTV) strategies on college students’ propensity to vote in state and local elections. Methods We conduct a field experiment testing different types of GOTV activities at a large public university during a low salience local election. Undergraduate classes were randomly assigned to receive a short peer‐led voting presentation, emails with voting informati…
Presidential Powers and the Evolution of Polycentric Governance Systems
The early days of President Donald Trump's second administration have witnessed an onslaught of executive orders and other administrative actions designed to weaken environmental policy, punish political opponents, and consolidate executive power. This perspective compares Biden's and Trump's administrative strategies from the perspective of polycentric governance. We argue that administrative strategies can destroy, create, and change policy for…
Do network Connections Between Republican and Democratic Members of Congress Encourage Bipartisan Cooperation
Deepening partisan polarization in the US House has incapacitated many of Congress’s bipartisan features. A common critique of Congress is that members are too disconnected from one another; however, evidence that legislators’ connections might overcome partisan influence is mixed. Can connections among members of Congress alleviate some partisan gridlock? This study theorizes that voluntary and sustained connections increase cooperation among Re…
Let’s Be Honest about Election Forecasting
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Waiting to Vote in the 2016 Presidential Election
This paper is the result of a nationwide study of polling place dynamics in the 2016 presidential election. Research teams, recruited from local colleges and universities and located in twenty-eight election jurisdictions across the United States, observed and timed voters as they entered the queue at their respective polling places and then voted. We report results about four specific polling place operations and practices: the length of the che…
Competing for the platform
What explains which groups are included in a party coalition in any given election cycle? Recent advances in political party theory suggest that policy demanders comprise parties, and that the composition of a party coalition varies from election to election. We theorize three conditions under which parties articulate an interest group’s preferred positions in its quadrennial platform: when groups are ideologically proximate to the party median, …
What Can Political Science Learn from Statistics and Psychology?
This chapter is one of six in this book in which a leading scholar from another field is interviewed about network science. These scholars bring to bear the perspective and experience of their fields, as well as insights about how network science integrates with questions that tend to be of interest to political scientists. They have knowledgeable and unique perspectives on the potential intellectual contributions that political scientists can ma…
Political Networks and Computational Social Science
The last half century has witnessed the digitization of human life, with a sharp inflection point being the widespread adoption of the Internet. In the wake of this digitization the phrase “big data” has been coined. Because many big data are explicitly or implicitly relational, this digitization of humanity has been critical in the increase in the study of networks. Further, since this digitization process continues not only forward but backward…
The Emergence of Organizations and States
Organizations and states emerge, exist, and evolve through dynamic processes operating across multiple network domains (e.g., political, economic, kinship, religion, and war). Autocatalytic networks—sets of nodes that reproduce themselves through ties—create and sustain organizations, but also contain the seeds of their evolution and destruction. Change occurs through novelty, which can take the form of innovation (transposition of ties or feedba…
Democracy and Cooperative Networks
This chapter examines the role of democracy and other characteristics that affect cooperation and conflict in the traditional literature. It assesses the more recent contribution of network analytic studies to the understanding of conflict and cooperation processes. Key contributions of network studies include controlling for network effects on dyadic conflict and cooperation, corroborating some of the key results of non-network studies, and clar…
Discussion Networks
While political network research is often a holistic enterprise, the network paradigm can also be used to study individual behavior. Specifically, rather than focusing on full network structures, a well-established area of research considers individuals’ “core” networks, their perceptions of interpersonal connections, and the consequences of said micro-social environments for myriad political outcomes and processes. This chapter examines this res…
Stochastic Actor Oriented Models for Network Dynamics
Stochastic Actor Oriented Models for Network Dynamics are used for the statistical analysis of longitudinal network data collected as a panel. The probability model defines an unobserved stochastic process of tie changes, where social actors add new ties or drop existing ties in response to the current network structure; the panel observations are snapshots of the resulting changing network. The statistical analysis is based on computer simulatio…
The Oxford Handbook of Political Networks
This volume is a foundational resource on the study of networks in politics. It is grounded in the understanding that networks are omnipresent in the natural and social worlds, and they are at the heart of politics. The 43 essays in this volume offer instruction on network theory and methods at beginning and advanced levels; they also provide an assessment of the state-of-the-discipline on a variety of applied network topics in politics. Leading …
Human Rights and Transnational Advocacy Networks
Human rights advocates have been argued to be working as part of a larger “network” of actors supporting the respect and security of individuals. However, until recently, much scholarship in this area has used “network” as a synonym for “connected actors” instead of examining the network characteristics of advocacy actors and the ways in which the nature of the advocacy network could influence human rights outcomes. This chapter examines the grow…
Arms Supply and Proliferation Networks
Network analyses of global and regional arms flows (including small arms and light weapons, major conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction) and related international insecurity and criminality have so far been limited. Yet the literature contains hypotheses that could be explored or tested using network analysis. This chapter discusses supply and demand effects, structural tradeoffs between security and efficiency, pressures to becom…
Terrorism Networks
A recent development in the field of terrorism studies is the growing understanding that analytical frameworks that focus on in-group social processes are highly effective in improving our understanding of the inner dynamics of terrorist groups. Many students of terrorism have begun to challenge some fundamental conventions regarding the way terrorist groups emerge and operate and the relations between members’ roles and profiles. Less attention …
Relational Concepts, Measurement, and Data Collection
Political phenomena are inherently relational, so it is natural that network analysis should come to play an important role in the study of politics. And yet relational data present special practical and methodological problems. The network data scholars would like to collect are often incomplete or altogether inaccessible. It is tempting to take whatever data are available and treat these as a proxy for the desired variables. This chapter review…
Networks and the Politics of the Environment
This chapter surveys recent research that utilizes the measures and techniques of social network analysis (SNA) to explain socioecological outcomes. The chapter focuses on the role of key characteristics of networks—including density and fragmentation, bonding and bridging social capital, brokerage and leadership—in promoting adaptive governance and co-management, and in turn, successful environmental management outcomes. It argues that network s…
Causal Inference in Political Networks
Though scholars have developed an increasingly rich set of research findings regarding the structure of political networks, identifying causal associations between these networks and political outcomes of interest presents a variety of challenges. Addressing these challenges is especially important given the prominence of networks in theories of individual and collective behavior. This chapter uses the framework of the Neyman-Rubin causal model (…
Campaign Finance and Political Polarization
made an important contribution to the literature on campaign finance
Financing friends
Keeping Your Friends Close and Your Enemies Closer? Information Networks in Legislative Politics
The authors contribute to the existing literature on the determinants of legislative voting by offering a social network-based theory about the ways that legislators’ social relationships affect floor voting behaviour. It is argued that legislators establish contacts with both political friends and enemies, and that they use the information they receive from these contacts to increase their confidence in their own policy positions. Social contact…
Legislating Versus Campaigning
How does a campaign for higher office affect legislators’ behavior on the floor of the House? I argue that legislators with progressive ambition have incentives to demonstrate policy specialization; however, these incentives are mitigated when ambitious legislators campaign for higher office. I develop a measure of policy specialization from floor speeches and test hypotheses with data from the careers of five classes of representatives in the U.…
The Social Utility of Informal Institutions
This article challenges the existing state-of-knowledge about legislative caucuses by arguing that the caucus system reflects and reinforces formal organizing institutions, such as parties and committees, rather than counterbalancing them. We argue that legislators engage in the caucus system to maximize the social utility of their relationships. Using a social network framework, we develop and test hypotheses that seek to ascertain the types of …
Polarized Agents
Are professional lobbyists loyal partisans? There are thousands of professional lobbyists in Washington, D.C., who work with members of Congress and their staffs, many of whom also make contributions to congressional candidates and political parties. Although many lobbyists have backgrounds in partisan politics, they may have incentives to give money to candidates from both parties. This article finds that professional lobbyists tend to make pers…
Keeping Your Friends Close and Your Enemies Closer? Information Networks in Legislative Politics
The authors contribute to the existing literature on the determinants of legislative voting by offering a social network-based theory about the ways that legislators’ social relationships affect floor voting behaviour. It is argued that legislators establish contacts with both political friends and enemies, and that they use the information they receive from these contacts to increase their confidence in their own policy positions. Social contact…
The Social Utility of Informal Institutions
This article challenges the existing state-of-knowledge about legislative caucuses by arguing that the caucus system reflects and reinforces formal organizing institutions, such as parties and committees, rather than counterbalancing them. We argue that legislators engage in the caucus system to maximize the social utility of their relationships. Using a social network framework, we develop and test hypotheses that seek to ascertain the types of …
Waiting to Vote in the 2016 Presidential Election
This paper is the result of a nationwide study of polling place dynamics in the 2016 presidential election. Research teams, recruited from local colleges and universities and located in twenty-eight election jurisdictions across the United States, observed and timed voters as they entered the queue at their respective polling places and then voted. We report results about four specific polling place operations and practices: the length of the che…
Legislating Versus Campaigning
How does a campaign for higher office affect legislators’ behavior on the floor of the House? I argue that legislators with progressive ambition have incentives to demonstrate policy specialization; however, these incentives are mitigated when ambitious legislators campaign for higher office. I develop a measure of policy specialization from floor speeches and test hypotheses with data from the careers of five classes of representatives in the U.…
Financing friends
Strategic Lobbying
Do interest groups strategically select lobbying tactics in response to the legislative context of policies they wish to influence? As rational actors, interest groups should be keen to spend their resources wisely by responding strategically to legislative contexts. This research suggests a theoretical and empirical framework and attempts to explain variations in interest group behavior at the policy level. The empirical design associates direct…
Competing for the platform
What explains which groups are included in a party coalition in any given election cycle? Recent advances in political party theory suggest that policy demanders comprise parties, and that the composition of a party coalition varies from election to election. We theorize three conditions under which parties articulate an interest group’s preferred positions in its quadrennial platform: when groups are ideologically proximate to the party median, …
The Institutional Effect on Majority Rule Instability
prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at
Polarized Agents
Are professional lobbyists loyal partisans? There are thousands of professional lobbyists in Washington, D.C., who work with members of Congress and their staffs, many of whom also make contributions to congressional candidates and political parties. Although many lobbyists have backgrounds in partisan politics, they may have incentives to give money to candidates from both parties. This article finds that professional lobbyists tend to make pers…
Let’s Be Honest about Election Forecasting
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Institutional Effect on Majority Rule Instability
prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at
Strategic Lobbying
Do interest groups strategically select lobbying tactics in response to the legislative context of policies they wish to influence? As rational actors, interest groups should be keen to spend their resources wisely by responding strategically to legislative contexts. This research suggests a theoretical and empirical framework and attempts to explain variations in interest group behavior at the policy level. The empirical design associates direct…
The Social Utility of Informal Institutions
This article challenges the existing state-of-knowledge about legislative caucuses by arguing that the caucus system reflects and reinforces formal organizing institutions, such as parties and committees, rather than counterbalancing them. We argue that legislators engage in the caucus system to maximize the social utility of their relationships. Using a social network framework, we develop and test hypotheses that seek to ascertain the types of …
Polarized Agents
Are professional lobbyists loyal partisans? There are thousands of professional lobbyists in Washington, D.C., who work with members of Congress and their staffs, many of whom also make contributions to congressional candidates and political parties. Although many lobbyists have backgrounds in partisan politics, they may have incentives to give money to candidates from both parties. This article finds that professional lobbyists tend to make pers…
Legislating Versus Campaigning
How does a campaign for higher office affect legislators’ behavior on the floor of the House? I argue that legislators with progressive ambition have incentives to demonstrate policy specialization; however, these incentives are mitigated when ambitious legislators campaign for higher office. I develop a measure of policy specialization from floor speeches and test hypotheses with data from the careers of five classes of representatives in the U.…
Keeping Your Friends Close and Your Enemies Closer? Information Networks in Legislative Politics
The authors contribute to the existing literature on the determinants of legislative voting by offering a social network-based theory about the ways that legislators’ social relationships affect floor voting behaviour. It is argued that legislators establish contacts with both political friends and enemies, and that they use the information they receive from these contacts to increase their confidence in their own policy positions. Social contact…
The Oxford Handbook of Political Networks
This volume is a foundational resource on the study of networks in politics. It is grounded in the understanding that networks are omnipresent in the natural and social worlds, and they are at the heart of politics. The 43 essays in this volume offer instruction on network theory and methods at beginning and advanced levels; they also provide an assessment of the state-of-the-discipline on a variety of applied network topics in politics. Leading …
Human Rights and Transnational Advocacy Networks
Human rights advocates have been argued to be working as part of a larger “network” of actors supporting the respect and security of individuals. However, until recently, much scholarship in this area has used “network” as a synonym for “connected actors” instead of examining the network characteristics of advocacy actors and the ways in which the nature of the advocacy network could influence human rights outcomes. This chapter examines the grow…
Arms Supply and Proliferation Networks
Network analyses of global and regional arms flows (including small arms and light weapons, major conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction) and related international insecurity and criminality have so far been limited. Yet the literature contains hypotheses that could be explored or tested using network analysis. This chapter discusses supply and demand effects, structural tradeoffs between security and efficiency, pressures to becom…
Terrorism Networks
A recent development in the field of terrorism studies is the growing understanding that analytical frameworks that focus on in-group social processes are highly effective in improving our understanding of the inner dynamics of terrorist groups. Many students of terrorism have begun to challenge some fundamental conventions regarding the way terrorist groups emerge and operate and the relations between members’ roles and profiles. Less attention …
Relational Concepts, Measurement, and Data Collection
Political phenomena are inherently relational, so it is natural that network analysis should come to play an important role in the study of politics. And yet relational data present special practical and methodological problems. The network data scholars would like to collect are often incomplete or altogether inaccessible. It is tempting to take whatever data are available and treat these as a proxy for the desired variables. This chapter review…
Networks and the Politics of the Environment
This chapter surveys recent research that utilizes the measures and techniques of social network analysis (SNA) to explain socioecological outcomes. The chapter focuses on the role of key characteristics of networks—including density and fragmentation, bonding and bridging social capital, brokerage and leadership—in promoting adaptive governance and co-management, and in turn, successful environmental management outcomes. It argues that network s…
Causal Inference in Political Networks
Though scholars have developed an increasingly rich set of research findings regarding the structure of political networks, identifying causal associations between these networks and political outcomes of interest presents a variety of challenges. Addressing these challenges is especially important given the prominence of networks in theories of individual and collective behavior. This chapter uses the framework of the Neyman-Rubin causal model (…
Campaign Finance and Political Polarization
made an important contribution to the literature on campaign finance
Financing friends
What Can Political Science Learn from Statistics and Psychology?
This chapter is one of six in this book in which a leading scholar from another field is interviewed about network science. These scholars bring to bear the perspective and experience of their fields, as well as insights about how network science integrates with questions that tend to be of interest to political scientists. They have knowledgeable and unique perspectives on the potential intellectual contributions that political scientists can ma…
Political Networks and Computational Social Science
The last half century has witnessed the digitization of human life, with a sharp inflection point being the widespread adoption of the Internet. In the wake of this digitization the phrase “big data” has been coined. Because many big data are explicitly or implicitly relational, this digitization of humanity has been critical in the increase in the study of networks. Further, since this digitization process continues not only forward but backward…
The Emergence of Organizations and States
Organizations and states emerge, exist, and evolve through dynamic processes operating across multiple network domains (e.g., political, economic, kinship, religion, and war). Autocatalytic networks—sets of nodes that reproduce themselves through ties—create and sustain organizations, but also contain the seeds of their evolution and destruction. Change occurs through novelty, which can take the form of innovation (transposition of ties or feedba…
Democracy and Cooperative Networks
This chapter examines the role of democracy and other characteristics that affect cooperation and conflict in the traditional literature. It assesses the more recent contribution of network analytic studies to the understanding of conflict and cooperation processes. Key contributions of network studies include controlling for network effects on dyadic conflict and cooperation, corroborating some of the key results of non-network studies, and clar…
Discussion Networks
While political network research is often a holistic enterprise, the network paradigm can also be used to study individual behavior. Specifically, rather than focusing on full network structures, a well-established area of research considers individuals’ “core” networks, their perceptions of interpersonal connections, and the consequences of said micro-social environments for myriad political outcomes and processes. This chapter examines this res…
Stochastic Actor Oriented Models for Network Dynamics
Stochastic Actor Oriented Models for Network Dynamics are used for the statistical analysis of longitudinal network data collected as a panel. The probability model defines an unobserved stochastic process of tie changes, where social actors add new ties or drop existing ties in response to the current network structure; the panel observations are snapshots of the resulting changing network. The statistical analysis is based on computer simulatio…
Competing for the platform
What explains which groups are included in a party coalition in any given election cycle? Recent advances in political party theory suggest that policy demanders comprise parties, and that the composition of a party coalition varies from election to election. We theorize three conditions under which parties articulate an interest group’s preferred positions in its quadrennial platform: when groups are ideologically proximate to the party median, …
Let’s Be Honest about Election Forecasting
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Waiting to Vote in the 2016 Presidential Election
This paper is the result of a nationwide study of polling place dynamics in the 2016 presidential election. Research teams, recruited from local colleges and universities and located in twenty-eight election jurisdictions across the United States, observed and timed voters as they entered the queue at their respective polling places and then voted. We report results about four specific polling place operations and practices: the length of the che…
Presidential Powers and the Evolution of Polycentric Governance Systems
The early days of President Donald Trump's second administration have witnessed an onslaught of executive orders and other administrative actions designed to weaken environmental policy, punish political opponents, and consolidate executive power. This perspective compares Biden's and Trump's administrative strategies from the perspective of polycentric governance. We argue that administrative strategies can destroy, create, and change policy for…
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