Jacek Pawlyta
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4130272 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Jacek Pawlyta |
| PRENOMES | Jacek |
| SOBRENOME | Pawlyta |
| ASSINATURA | PAWLYTA J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | AGH University of Krakow |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8725-4326 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 33 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 89 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 33 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1995 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Carbon isotopes ( 14 C, 13 C) of Gatersleben plant tissues ( Triticum aestivum L., Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown during the bomb spike
Here we present an updated version of radiocarbon concentrations measured in seeds from the Gatersleben Crop Plant Research institute. 14 C-isotope measurements for wheat from 1946 to 2020, which were presented previously, have been complemented with 14 C measurements made on soybean and continued until late summer 2025. Additionally, we measured δ 13 C in wheat samples. A comparison of different 14 C time series over the last 80 years from diffe…
Annual rings of algaroba ( Neltuma pallida) tree from northern Peru
This study examines Neltuma pallida wood from the Cerro Laguna archaeological site in coastal Peru to establish a floating chronology and absolute dating. Ten cross-sections yielded a 70-year chronology (CLAA1). Alpha-cellulose was extracted from five single growth rings from one sample for radiocarbon dating, then wiggle-matching in OxCal v4.4 using SHCal20. Results place the youngest ring at 1314–1330 CE (95.4% probability), situating the full …
Timing the Sacred
Absolute radiocarbon dating offers high precision, but its application to historical contexts, such as the Inca civilization, requires a rigorous methodological approach. This research examines methods to enhance chronological accuracy through a case study of artifacts from the Llullaillaco Capacocha sacrifice. Focusing on short‐lived organic remains, it combines radiocarbon and stable isotope analyses (carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen) to produce ac…
Radiocarbon changes in the XI century CE in annual tree rings
This paper presents new radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurements from annual tree rings of English oak ( Quercus robur L.) from Kujawy, Poland, spanning 1042–1062 CE. The results confirm an increase in Δ 14 C values between 1053 and 1055 CE, within the Oort Minimum of solar activity, consistent with literature values (Brehm et al. 2021a; Eastoe et al. 2019; Terrasi et al. 2020). The data reveal a sustained increase in Δ 14 C values between 1053 and 1055 …
Stable carbon isotopes in Grabie oak tree rings reveal Hallstatt climate changes in Poland
This study focuses on reconstructing paleoclimate changes between 830 BC and 650 BC, a period of critical significance marked by the Hallstatt Catastrophe, a shift from a warm and dry climate to a cool and humid one. This period also coincides with the onset of the plateau on the radiocarbon calibration curve. The research material consisted of oak tree trunks G24 and G58, discovered in Poland (Grabie village). Dendrochronological methods were em…
Human presence in the Salapunku area (Machu Picchu, Cusco, Peru) based on recent radiocarbon evidence
The Salapunku archaeological site is located within the Historic Sanctuary – National Archaeological Park of Machu Picchu (HS-NAPM) in the Cusco area of Peru. Although Salapunku is related to the Inca settlements of the HS-NAPM, during archaeological excavations, we distinguished different moments of cultural occupation from the earliest human presence to complex pre-Hispanic societies such as the Inca and finally to the colonial period. Previous…
How precise can the calibration of a single radiocarbon measurement be
Radiocarbon dating is a widely used method in archaeology and earth sciences, but the precision of calibrated dates from single radiocarbon measurements can be difficult to understand. This study investigates the precision of calibrated radiocarbon dates depending on the uncertainties of the measurement and the details of the calibration curve. Using data for the Holocene epoch and the IntCal20 calibration curve, over 1,000,000 hypothetical radio…
Radiocarbon Concentration in Sub-Annual Tree Rings From Poland Around 660 Bce
The article presents results of measurements of radiocarbon ( 14 C) concentration in sub-annual dendrochronologically dated tree rings of English oak ( Quercus robur L.) from Grabie village near Kraków (southern Poland). Samples of early wood (EW) and late wood (LW) spanning the years 664–658 BCE. α-cellulose was extracted from each sample and their radiocarbon content was measured at the ATOMKI laboratory in Debrecen, Hungary. The EW and LW data…
Using Rapid Atmospheric 14 C Changes in the 7 Th Century Bc to Precisely Date the Floating Chronology for Pine Wood From Józefowo (Northern Poland)
The floating dendrochronological sequence of pine wood from Józefowo, N. Poland was expected to cover the ∼660 BC radiocarbon ( 14 C) excursion. The sequence was radiocarbon dated using the OxCal wiggle matching procedure and the IntCal20 calibration curve. 14 C concentrations were measured in one-year α-cellulose samples from around 660 BC. The published data on the ∼660 BC 14 C excursion from Grabie, Poland were used to absolute date the Józefo…
Absolute Chronology of the Rampart of the Early Iron Age Hillfort in Chotyniec Near Radymno (Southeastern Poland) in the Context of Radiocarbon Dating
The Early Iron Age hillfort in Chotyniec (SE Poland) is the westernmost permanent settlement of the Scythian cultural circle. Recognizing the construction of the fortified settlement’s ramparts and their chronology was considered one of the priorities of the systematic research conducted since 2016. Based on 18 radiocarbon dated samples from different parts of the rampart, a chronological model of its functioning was made. It indicates that the c…
Testing the Methods for Determination of Radiocarbon Content in Liquid Fuels in the Gliwice Radiocarbon and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
Determining the biocomponents in liquid fuels using radiocarbon radioisotope ( 14 C) dating requires sample preparation adaptations to the conditions of the Gliwice Radiocarbon and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory. Liquid scintillation counting (LSC), and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) were investigated using six samples, including one 14 C-free fuel and modern hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). For AMS, samples were prepared using tin capsules f…
The Miyake Event in 993 Ce Recorded in Oak Sub-Annual Tree Rings From Kujawy (Poland)
This article presents measurements of the radiocarbon ( 14 C) concentration in sub-annual tree rings. Samples of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) from dendrochronologically dated tree rings (English oak, Quercus robur ) from Kujawy, near Kraków (Poland), spanning the years of 990–997 CE, are extracted and their 14 C content is measured at the Center for Applied Isotope Studies at the University of Georgia, USA. The EW and LW data show a gradual i…
Influence of Air Parcels From Northern and Southern Hemispheres on Radiocarbon-Based Inca Chronology
The chronology of Machu Picchu was traditionally associated with the period attributed to the reign of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui. Within the scheme of the so-called “historical chronology”, proposed by John H. Rowe in 1945, the ascension to power of Pachacuti Inca took place around 1438 CE, and the construction of Machu Picchu began by 1450–1460 CE. Several radiocarbon-dated samples may help to understand the chronology of the construction of llaqt…
A Twelve-Hundred-Year Stable Oxygen Isotope Chronology Constructed Using Subfossil Wood From Schwarzensee Lake, Austrian Alps
This study presents a new stable oxygen isotope chronology, covering the years 800–2000 AD, constructed using modern and subfossil wood derived from trees growing around Lake Schwarzensee in Austria. The climatic signal imparted in the chronology is conditioned mainly by the direct influence of environmental factors on the isotopic signature of source water, which in turn is regulated by evaporation and condensation mechanisms. The second driver …
Absolute Dendrochronological Scale for Pine ( Pinus Sylvestris L.) From Ujście (Nw Poland), Dated Using Rapid Atmospheric 14 C Changes
Radiocarbon ( 14 C) analyses are commonly used to determine the absolute age of floating tree-ring chronologies. At best, with the wiggle-matching method, a precision of 10 years could be achieved. For the early Middle Ages, this situation has been markedly improved by the discovery of rapid changes in atmospheric 14 C concentrations in tree-rings dated to 774/775 and 993/994 AD. These high-resolution changes can be used to secure other floating …
When Did the Incas Build Machu Picchu and Its Satellite Sites? New Approches Based on Radiocarbon Dating
According to the classical chronology of the Inca State, the ascension to power of Pachacuti Inca took place around AD 1438 and the construction of Machu Picchu began by AD 1450–1460. However, the improvement in the accuracy of radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating resulting from the application of Bayesian analysis has changed our view of the historical chronology. This new research raises questions about our understanding of the cultural development of th…
Climate and sea level variability on a centennial time scale over the last 1500 years as inferred from the Coastal Peatland of Puck Lagoon (southern Baltic Sea)
The climate variability and related sea-level changes during the Holocene are still under discussion, especially in a regional context. Very little information comes from the southern and south-eastern Baltic coast. The aim of the paper is to gain insight on the history of regional environmental changes, particularly sea-level and storminess, and their driving forces. The investigations were located on a peatland on the coast of Puck Lagoon (Gulf…
Modeled and Measured Carbon Isotopic Composition and Petrographically Estimated Binder-Aggregate Ratio—Recipe for Binding Material Dating
This paper presents the results of radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating of bulk mortars and reports an attempt of implementation of the knowledge about the isotopic fractionation, based on δ 13 C measurements, to make the age correction for mortars, together with verification of such correction based on the percentage estimation of carbonate components, namely binder and aggregate. To evaluate the variability of isotopic fractionation during CO 2 absorptio…
Abrupt Increase of Radiocarbon Concentration in 660 BC in Tree Rings from Grabie Near Kraków (SE Poland)
Miyake et al. (2012, 2013, 2014) described a sudden increase of radiocarbon ( 14 C) concentration in annual tree rings of Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ) and Hinoki cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa) between AD 774 and 775 and between AD 993 and 994. In both analyzed periods, the sudden increase was observed almost in a single year. The increase in the 14 C content was about 12‰ in the period AD 774–775 (Miyake et al. 2012) and about 11.3‰ i…
Increase in Radiocarbon Concentration in Tree Rings from Kujawy Village (Se Poland) Around Ad 993–994
An increase in atmospheric radiocarbon ( 14 C) content of about 11.3‰ in the period AD 993–994 was observed in annual tree rings from Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ) and Hinoki cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa) (Miyake et al. 2013, 2014). Single-year samples of dendrochronologically dated tree rings (English oak, Quercus robur ) from Kujawy, a village near Krakow (SE Poland), spanning the years AD 981–1000, were collected, and their 14 C co…
An analysis of the origin of an early medieval group of individuals from Gródek based on the analysis of stable oxygen isotopes
Isotopic composition and identification of the origins of individuals buried in a Neolithic collective grave at Bronocice (southern Poland)
A millennial record of environmental change in peat deposits from the Misten bog (East Belgium)
The Application of Icels Systems for Radiocarbon Dating
Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) for radiocarbon dating is a less expensive method than accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), provides a high degree of accuracy, and is less prone to contamination due to the larger sample sizes. However, to obtain high precision, a long counting time is needed. The Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory is seeking to obtain an increased counting capacity with 2–3 mL benzene samples than we presently can achieve with ou…
Multiproxy evidence of `Little Ice Age' palaeoenvironmental changes in a peat bog from northern Poland
`Little Ice Age' (LIA) climatic deteriorations have been abundantly documented in various archives such as ice, lake sediments and peat bog deposits. Palaeoecological analyses of peat samples have identified these climatic deteriorations using a range of techniques, for example palynology, plant macrofossils, testate amoebae or carbon isotopic analyses. The use of inorganic geochemistry and the reconstruction of dust fluxes has remained a challen…
Carbon Isotopes in Tree Rings
New records of δ 13 C and Δ 14 C values in annual rings of pine and oak from different sites around the world were obtained with a time resolution of 1 yr. The results obtained for Europe (Poland), east Asia (Japan), and South America (Peru) are presented in this paper. The δ 13 C and radiocarbon concentration of α-cellulose from annual tree rings of pine and of the latewood of oak were measured by both accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and liq…
Multiproxy evidence of `Little Ice Age' palaeoenvironmental changes in a peat bog from northern Poland
`Little Ice Age' (LIA) climatic deteriorations have been abundantly documented in various archives such as ice, lake sediments and peat bog deposits. Palaeoecological analyses of peat samples have identified these climatic deteriorations using a range of techniques, for example palynology, plant macrofossils, testate amoebae or carbon isotopic analyses. The use of inorganic geochemistry and the reconstruction of dust fluxes has remained a challen…
C Chronology of Mesolithic Sites from Poland and the Background of Environmental Changes
Mesolithic sites in modern Poland are mainly located in the southern part of the country. Radiocarbon dating of organic material, such as charcoals, wood, and peat, provide a time frame of human settlements in those regions, and dating of speleothems and peat formations provide information on climatic conditions and the timing of climatic change in the region. Here, we present the results of calibrated 14 C ages from 3 main Mesolithic sites: Glan…
Abrupt Increase of Radiocarbon Concentration in 660 BC in Tree Rings from Grabie Near Kraków (SE Poland)
Miyake et al. (2012, 2013, 2014) described a sudden increase of radiocarbon ( 14 C) concentration in annual tree rings of Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ) and Hinoki cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa) between AD 774 and 775 and between AD 993 and 994. In both analyzed periods, the sudden increase was observed almost in a single year. The increase in the 14 C content was about 12‰ in the period AD 774–775 (Miyake et al. 2012) and about 11.3‰ i…
Paleoclimatic Implications of Radiocarbon Dating Of Speleothems from the Cracow-Wieluń Upland, Southern Poland
We report preliminary results of a long-term systematic study intended to gather paleoclimatic records from precisely dated speleothems. The research project is limited to speleothems deposited in caves of the Cracow-Wieluń Upland, the largest and best-explored karst region in Poland, covering ca . 2900 km 2 with >1000 caves. Speleothem samples were selected from collections of the Geological Museum of the Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Crac…
Radiocarbon Dating of the Temple of the Monkey—The Next Step Towards a Comprehensive Absolute Chronology of Pachacamac, Peru
The ongoing Ychsma Project aims to shed light on the chronology and function of the late Prehispanic period at the well-known archaeological site of Pachacamac, Peru, through extensive archaeological research. The Temple of the Monkey is a special building that has been cleared, mapped, and excavated within the general framework of the study of “pyramids with ramps,” the most common form of monumental architecture at the site. Through the applica…
When Did the Incas Build Machu Picchu and Its Satellite Sites? New Approches Based on Radiocarbon Dating
According to the classical chronology of the Inca State, the ascension to power of Pachacuti Inca took place around AD 1438 and the construction of Machu Picchu began by AD 1450–1460. However, the improvement in the accuracy of radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating resulting from the application of Bayesian analysis has changed our view of the historical chronology. This new research raises questions about our understanding of the cultural development of th…
Modeled and Measured Carbon Isotopic Composition and Petrographically Estimated Binder-Aggregate Ratio—Recipe for Binding Material Dating
This paper presents the results of radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating of bulk mortars and reports an attempt of implementation of the knowledge about the isotopic fractionation, based on δ 13 C measurements, to make the age correction for mortars, together with verification of such correction based on the percentage estimation of carbonate components, namely binder and aggregate. To evaluate the variability of isotopic fractionation during CO 2 absorptio…
Increase in Radiocarbon Concentration in Tree Rings from Kujawy Village (Se Poland) Around Ad 993–994
An increase in atmospheric radiocarbon ( 14 C) content of about 11.3‰ in the period AD 993–994 was observed in annual tree rings from Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ) and Hinoki cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa) (Miyake et al. 2013, 2014). Single-year samples of dendrochronologically dated tree rings (English oak, Quercus robur ) from Kujawy, a village near Krakow (SE Poland), spanning the years AD 981–1000, were collected, and their 14 C co…
Commissioning of a Quantulus 1220 TM Liquid Scintillation Beta Spectrometer for Measuring 14 C and 3 H at Natural Abundance Levels
In 1994, the Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory began operating a liquid scintillation spectrometry system, consisting of a Quantulus 1220 TM spectrometer and two vacuum rigs for benzene production. This paper describes the procedures used for the benzene synthesis from samples containing
Radiocarbon Concentration in Sub-Annual Tree Rings From Poland Around 660 Bce
The article presents results of measurements of radiocarbon ( 14 C) concentration in sub-annual dendrochronologically dated tree rings of English oak ( Quercus robur L.) from Grabie village near Kraków (southern Poland). Samples of early wood (EW) and late wood (LW) spanning the years 664–658 BCE. α-cellulose was extracted from each sample and their radiocarbon content was measured at the ATOMKI laboratory in Debrecen, Hungary. The EW and LW data…
Climate and sea level variability on a centennial time scale over the last 1500 years as inferred from the Coastal Peatland of Puck Lagoon (southern Baltic Sea)
The climate variability and related sea-level changes during the Holocene are still under discussion, especially in a regional context. Very little information comes from the southern and south-eastern Baltic coast. The aim of the paper is to gain insight on the history of regional environmental changes, particularly sea-level and storminess, and their driving forces. The investigations were located on a peatland on the coast of Puck Lagoon (Gulf…
Influence of Air Parcels From Northern and Southern Hemispheres on Radiocarbon-Based Inca Chronology
The chronology of Machu Picchu was traditionally associated with the period attributed to the reign of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui. Within the scheme of the so-called “historical chronology”, proposed by John H. Rowe in 1945, the ascension to power of Pachacuti Inca took place around 1438 CE, and the construction of Machu Picchu began by 1450–1460 CE. Several radiocarbon-dated samples may help to understand the chronology of the construction of llaqt…
Using Rapid Atmospheric 14 C Changes in the 7 Th Century Bc to Precisely Date the Floating Chronology for Pine Wood From Józefowo (Northern Poland)
The floating dendrochronological sequence of pine wood from Józefowo, N. Poland was expected to cover the ∼660 BC radiocarbon ( 14 C) excursion. The sequence was radiocarbon dated using the OxCal wiggle matching procedure and the IntCal20 calibration curve. 14 C concentrations were measured in one-year α-cellulose samples from around 660 BC. The published data on the ∼660 BC 14 C excursion from Grabie, Poland were used to absolute date the Józefo…
Absolute Chronology of the Rampart of the Early Iron Age Hillfort in Chotyniec Near Radymno (Southeastern Poland) in the Context of Radiocarbon Dating
The Early Iron Age hillfort in Chotyniec (SE Poland) is the westernmost permanent settlement of the Scythian cultural circle. Recognizing the construction of the fortified settlement’s ramparts and their chronology was considered one of the priorities of the systematic research conducted since 2016. Based on 18 radiocarbon dated samples from different parts of the rampart, a chronological model of its functioning was made. It indicates that the c…
Testing the Methods for Determination of Radiocarbon Content in Liquid Fuels in the Gliwice Radiocarbon and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
Determining the biocomponents in liquid fuels using radiocarbon radioisotope ( 14 C) dating requires sample preparation adaptations to the conditions of the Gliwice Radiocarbon and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory. Liquid scintillation counting (LSC), and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) were investigated using six samples, including one 14 C-free fuel and modern hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). For AMS, samples were prepared using tin capsules f…
The Application of Icels Systems for Radiocarbon Dating
Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) for radiocarbon dating is a less expensive method than accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), provides a high degree of accuracy, and is less prone to contamination due to the larger sample sizes. However, to obtain high precision, a long counting time is needed. The Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory is seeking to obtain an increased counting capacity with 2–3 mL benzene samples than we presently can achieve with ou…
Paleoclimatic Implications of Radiocarbon Dating Of Speleothems from the Cracow-Wieluń Upland, Southern Poland
We report preliminary results of a long-term systematic study intended to gather paleoclimatic records from precisely dated speleothems. The research project is limited to speleothems deposited in caves of the Cracow-Wieluń Upland, the largest and best-explored karst region in Poland, covering ca . 2900 km 2 with >1000 caves. Speleothem samples were selected from collections of the Geological Museum of the Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Crac…
Commissioning of a Quantulus 1220 TM Liquid Scintillation Beta Spectrometer for Measuring 14 C and 3 H at Natural Abundance Levels
In 1994, the Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory began operating a liquid scintillation spectrometry system, consisting of a Quantulus 1220 TM spectrometer and two vacuum rigs for benzene production. This paper describes the procedures used for the benzene synthesis from samples containing
Influence of the Bomb-Produced 14 C on the Radiocarbon Concentration in the Youngest Sediments of Lake Gościąż, Central Poland
This work is a study of changes of the radiocarbon concentration in the youngest part of Lake Gościąż sediments in the calendar time scale during the last 150 years. This period includes the time of the nuclear weapons tests performed in the upper atmosphere in the 1950s and the 1960s, which caused large release of 14 C and 137 Cs into the environment. On the basis of this study, the isotope dilution factor for 14 C and the exchange time of carbo…
C Chronology of Mesolithic Sites from Poland and the Background of Environmental Changes
Mesolithic sites in modern Poland are mainly located in the southern part of the country. Radiocarbon dating of organic material, such as charcoals, wood, and peat, provide a time frame of human settlements in those regions, and dating of speleothems and peat formations provide information on climatic conditions and the timing of climatic change in the region. Here, we present the results of calibrated 14 C ages from 3 main Mesolithic sites: Glan…
Timescale for Climatic Events of Subboreal/Subatlantic Transition Recorded at the Valakupiai Site, Lithuania
Oxbow lake deposits of the Neris River at the Valakupiai site in Vilnius (Lithuania) have been studied by different methods including radiocarbon dating. A timescale was attained for the development of the oxbow lake and climatic events recorded in the sediments. 14 C dates obtained for 24 samples cover the range 990–6500 BP (AD 580 to 5600 BC). Medieval human activity was found in the upper part of the sediments. Mollusk fauna found in the basal…
Carbon Isotopes in Tree Rings
New records of δ 13 C and Δ 14 C values in annual rings of pine and oak from different sites around the world were obtained with a time resolution of 1 yr. The results obtained for Europe (Poland), east Asia (Japan), and South America (Peru) are presented in this paper. The δ 13 C and radiocarbon concentration of α-cellulose from annual tree rings of pine and of the latewood of oak were measured by both accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and liq…
Radiocarbon Dating of the Temple of the Monkey—The Next Step Towards a Comprehensive Absolute Chronology of Pachacamac, Peru
The ongoing Ychsma Project aims to shed light on the chronology and function of the late Prehispanic period at the well-known archaeological site of Pachacamac, Peru, through extensive archaeological research. The Temple of the Monkey is a special building that has been cleared, mapped, and excavated within the general framework of the study of “pyramids with ramps,” the most common form of monumental architecture at the site. Through the applica…
Multiproxy evidence of `Little Ice Age' palaeoenvironmental changes in a peat bog from northern Poland
`Little Ice Age' (LIA) climatic deteriorations have been abundantly documented in various archives such as ice, lake sediments and peat bog deposits. Palaeoecological analyses of peat samples have identified these climatic deteriorations using a range of techniques, for example palynology, plant macrofossils, testate amoebae or carbon isotopic analyses. The use of inorganic geochemistry and the reconstruction of dust fluxes has remained a challen…
Absolute Radiocarbon Chronology in the Formative Pottery Production Center of Santa Lucía, Cochabamba, Bolivia
Santa Lucía is a pottery production site dating to the Formative period (about 1600 BC to AD 200). It is located in the Cochabamba valleys of the eastern Bolivian Andes. The settlement consists of a residential area and a separate workshop area. A peripheral sector of ash mounds was used as refuse sites and burial grounds. The excavations yielded a total of 16 radiocarbon samples from all 3 sectors, which were dated at the Gliwice Radiocarbon Lab…
The Application of Icels Systems for Radiocarbon Dating
Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) for radiocarbon dating is a less expensive method than accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), provides a high degree of accuracy, and is less prone to contamination due to the larger sample sizes. However, to obtain high precision, a long counting time is needed. The Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory is seeking to obtain an increased counting capacity with 2–3 mL benzene samples than we presently can achieve with ou…
A millennial record of environmental change in peat deposits from the Misten bog (East Belgium)
Isotopic composition and identification of the origins of individuals buried in a Neolithic collective grave at Bronocice (southern Poland)
An analysis of the origin of an early medieval group of individuals from Gródek based on the analysis of stable oxygen isotopes
Increase in Radiocarbon Concentration in Tree Rings from Kujawy Village (Se Poland) Around Ad 993–994
An increase in atmospheric radiocarbon ( 14 C) content of about 11.3‰ in the period AD 993–994 was observed in annual tree rings from Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ) and Hinoki cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa) (Miyake et al. 2013, 2014). Single-year samples of dendrochronologically dated tree rings (English oak, Quercus robur ) from Kujawy, a village near Krakow (SE Poland), spanning the years AD 981–1000, were collected, and their 14 C co…
Modeled and Measured Carbon Isotopic Composition and Petrographically Estimated Binder-Aggregate Ratio—Recipe for Binding Material Dating
This paper presents the results of radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating of bulk mortars and reports an attempt of implementation of the knowledge about the isotopic fractionation, based on δ 13 C measurements, to make the age correction for mortars, together with verification of such correction based on the percentage estimation of carbonate components, namely binder and aggregate. To evaluate the variability of isotopic fractionation during CO 2 absorptio…
Abrupt Increase of Radiocarbon Concentration in 660 BC in Tree Rings from Grabie Near Kraków (SE Poland)
Miyake et al. (2012, 2013, 2014) described a sudden increase of radiocarbon ( 14 C) concentration in annual tree rings of Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ) and Hinoki cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa) between AD 774 and 775 and between AD 993 and 994. In both analyzed periods, the sudden increase was observed almost in a single year. The increase in the 14 C content was about 12‰ in the period AD 774–775 (Miyake et al. 2012) and about 11.3‰ i…
Climate and sea level variability on a centennial time scale over the last 1500 years as inferred from the Coastal Peatland of Puck Lagoon (southern Baltic Sea)
The climate variability and related sea-level changes during the Holocene are still under discussion, especially in a regional context. Very little information comes from the southern and south-eastern Baltic coast. The aim of the paper is to gain insight on the history of regional environmental changes, particularly sea-level and storminess, and their driving forces. The investigations were located on a peatland on the coast of Puck Lagoon (Gulf…
Absolute Dendrochronological Scale for Pine ( Pinus Sylvestris L.) From Ujście (Nw Poland), Dated Using Rapid Atmospheric 14 C Changes
Radiocarbon ( 14 C) analyses are commonly used to determine the absolute age of floating tree-ring chronologies. At best, with the wiggle-matching method, a precision of 10 years could be achieved. For the early Middle Ages, this situation has been markedly improved by the discovery of rapid changes in atmospheric 14 C concentrations in tree-rings dated to 774/775 and 993/994 AD. These high-resolution changes can be used to secure other floating …
When Did the Incas Build Machu Picchu and Its Satellite Sites? New Approches Based on Radiocarbon Dating
According to the classical chronology of the Inca State, the ascension to power of Pachacuti Inca took place around AD 1438 and the construction of Machu Picchu began by AD 1450–1460. However, the improvement in the accuracy of radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating resulting from the application of Bayesian analysis has changed our view of the historical chronology. This new research raises questions about our understanding of the cultural development of th…
Testing the Methods for Determination of Radiocarbon Content in Liquid Fuels in the Gliwice Radiocarbon and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
Determining the biocomponents in liquid fuels using radiocarbon radioisotope ( 14 C) dating requires sample preparation adaptations to the conditions of the Gliwice Radiocarbon and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory. Liquid scintillation counting (LSC), and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) were investigated using six samples, including one 14 C-free fuel and modern hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). For AMS, samples were prepared using tin capsules f…
The Miyake Event in 993 Ce Recorded in Oak Sub-Annual Tree Rings From Kujawy (Poland)
This article presents measurements of the radiocarbon ( 14 C) concentration in sub-annual tree rings. Samples of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) from dendrochronologically dated tree rings (English oak, Quercus robur ) from Kujawy, near Kraków (Poland), spanning the years of 990–997 CE, are extracted and their 14 C content is measured at the Center for Applied Isotope Studies at the University of Georgia, USA. The EW and LW data show a gradual i…
Influence of Air Parcels From Northern and Southern Hemispheres on Radiocarbon-Based Inca Chronology
The chronology of Machu Picchu was traditionally associated with the period attributed to the reign of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui. Within the scheme of the so-called “historical chronology”, proposed by John H. Rowe in 1945, the ascension to power of Pachacuti Inca took place around 1438 CE, and the construction of Machu Picchu began by 1450–1460 CE. Several radiocarbon-dated samples may help to understand the chronology of the construction of llaqt…
A Twelve-Hundred-Year Stable Oxygen Isotope Chronology Constructed Using Subfossil Wood From Schwarzensee Lake, Austrian Alps
This study presents a new stable oxygen isotope chronology, covering the years 800–2000 AD, constructed using modern and subfossil wood derived from trees growing around Lake Schwarzensee in Austria. The climatic signal imparted in the chronology is conditioned mainly by the direct influence of environmental factors on the isotopic signature of source water, which in turn is regulated by evaporation and condensation mechanisms. The second driver …
Radiocarbon Concentration in Sub-Annual Tree Rings From Poland Around 660 Bce
The article presents results of measurements of radiocarbon ( 14 C) concentration in sub-annual dendrochronologically dated tree rings of English oak ( Quercus robur L.) from Grabie village near Kraków (southern Poland). Samples of early wood (EW) and late wood (LW) spanning the years 664–658 BCE. α-cellulose was extracted from each sample and their radiocarbon content was measured at the ATOMKI laboratory in Debrecen, Hungary. The EW and LW data…
Using Rapid Atmospheric 14 C Changes in the 7 Th Century Bc to Precisely Date the Floating Chronology for Pine Wood From Józefowo (Northern Poland)
The floating dendrochronological sequence of pine wood from Józefowo, N. Poland was expected to cover the ∼660 BC radiocarbon ( 14 C) excursion. The sequence was radiocarbon dated using the OxCal wiggle matching procedure and the IntCal20 calibration curve. 14 C concentrations were measured in one-year α-cellulose samples from around 660 BC. The published data on the ∼660 BC 14 C excursion from Grabie, Poland were used to absolute date the Józefo…
Radiocarbon dating (28 obras) · Geology (23 obras) · Archaeology (22 obras) · Geography (22 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (19 obras) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (18 obras) · Paleontology (13 obras) · Physical geography (13 obras) · Chronology (12 obras) · Tree-ring climate responses (11 obras)