Craig D Parks
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4232175 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Craig D Parks |
| PRENOMES | Craig D |
| SOBRENOME | Parks |
| ASSINATURA | PARKS C D |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Washington State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5299-093X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 26 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 275 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 26 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1989 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Social Dilemmas
Emphasizing real-world examples, Komorita and Parks illustrate both the theoretical and the ecological relevance of social dilemmas, focusing on "exchange theory" to explain how conflicts are resolved. This book is appropriate for students of psychology, political science, and sociology.
Bem Viver e Ecossocioeconomias
Diante do fenômeno das mudanças climáticas, não faz sentido discutir Bem Viver (BV) subjetivamente, sem correlacioná-lo ao significado de bem comum. O objetivo é dialogar sobre o tema do Bem Viver em perspectiva intergeracional na dialética entre subjetividade e bem comum, homem-natureza, considerados como falsos binômios. Trata-se de um ensaio. O BV, mais do que condição material, socioeducacional e de saúde, é estado particular de felicidade, n…
Bem viver para a próxima geração
Bem Viver (BV) é tema intrigante quando se distancia da chamada sociedade de consumo. Diante do fenômeno das mudanças climáticas, não faz sentido discutir BV subjetivamente, sem correlacioná-lo ao significado de bem comum. O objetivo é dialogar sobre o tema do BV, relevando o interesse das gerações futuras, a partir da relação dialética entre subjetividade e bem comum e da complementaridade entre a dinâmica entre ser humano e natureza. Trata-se d…
Does information about others’ behavior undermine cooperation in social dilemmas
This project addresses how and why behavior in a resource dilemma differs when one only knows the choices of others versus only knows the state of the resource. Study 1 suggested that resource information is more valuable than social information, in that if the resource can be monitored, whether or not others’ choices can also be monitored has no impact on behavior. However, if the state of the resource is not known, the ability to know what othe…
Regulatory focus and food choice motives. Prevention orientation associated with mood, convenience, and familiarity
The psychology of social dilemmas
The benefits of empathy
Cooperation in social dilemmas is often challenged by negative noise, or unintended errors, such that the actual behavior is less cooperative than intended—for example, arriving later than intended for a meeting due to an unusual traffic jam. The present research was inspired by the notion that doing a little more for one's interaction partner, which may be movitvated by empathetic feelings, can effectively reduce the detrimental effects of “nega…
Retracted
The desire to expel unselfish members from the group
An initial study investigating tolerance of group members who abuse a public good surprisingly showed that unselfish members (those who gave much toward the provision of the good but then used little of the good) were also targets for expulsion from the group. Two follow-up studies replicated this and ruled out explanations grounded in the target being seen as confused or unpredictable. A fourth study suggested that the target is seen by some as …
Social Value Orientation and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
This article reports a meta-analysis of 82 studies assessing the relationship between social value orientation (SVO) and cooperation in social dilemmas. A significant and small to medium effect size was found ( r = .30). Results supported a hypothesis that the effect size was larger when participants were not paid ( r = .39) than when they were paid ( r = .23). The effect size was also larger in give-some ( r = .29) as opposed to take-some ( r = …
How many bad apples does it take to spoil the whole barrel?”
Retrospection in social dilemmas
This article reports 2 studies investigating the effects of retrospective thought on future cooperation in social dilemmas. Some general theories of cooperation presume, but have not tested, whether retrospection has impact: People may think about the choices they could have made instead, realize that cooperation would have produced larger outcomes, and change their strategy as a result. Across both studies, the authors show that rate of future c…
Testing Various Types of Cooperation Rewards in Social Dilemmas
Research on the rewarding of cooperative behavior in social dilemmas has shown that very different types of reward strategies each seem to be effective at inducing high rates of cooperation in group members. This makes it difficult to determine how a cooperation reward motivates cooperation. This study systematically examined various components of cooperation reward schemes so as to help identify the general properties of an effective cooperation…
The Plaintiff Bias in Mock Civil Jury Decision Making
The effect of the normatively based plaintiff bias (favoritism toward an individual suing a corporation) on decision making was assessed for six-person mock juries that made decisions, or merely discussed the case, or for individual jurors. Decision makers also received information in either tables or graphs but there was no effect of this manipulation. It was predicted that groups would award more money than individual decision makers, and that …
Reciprocal Strategies for Large Groups
Reciprocal strategies have been shown to be effective in inducing long-term cooperation in social dilemmas involving small, but not large, groups. In this article, we argue that group-based reciprocal strategies (GBRS)--under which one reciprocates cooperative factions, not individuals, within the group--can induce cooperation in large groups. Results of two computer simulations of 100-member groups show that a GBRS accumulates a significantly la…
Trust and Reactions to Messages of Intent in Social Dilemmas
This study examined how low- and high-trust individuals react to messages of intended behavior in a social dilemma situation. Subjects played a two-person prisoner's dilemma; the opponent was a reciprocal strategy programmed by the experimenter. During the game, subjects received a message stating that the opponent planned to be cooperative or competitive for the remainder of the game. In Study 1, low trusters reacted to the competitive message b…
Interpersonal Relations
A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes ...Read More
High And Low Trusters' Responses To Fear in a Payoff Matrix
Interpersonal trust has long been known to influence cooperation. This study tested the hypothesis that one's degree of trust in others will influence the extent to which one reacts to the presence of fear (or the possibility of receiving no payoff for cooperative actions) in a payoff matrix. The hypothesis was formally tested with public goods games and resource dilemma games, with fear manipulated. Results support the hypothesis: when fear was …
Social Dilemma Behavior of Individuals from Highly Individualist and Collectivist Cultures
Existing studies of social dilemmas in other cultures report patterns of behavior that are very similar to that of American subjects. This has held even in cultures that are seemingly quite different from the United States in terms of their emphasis on the collective over the individual. We argue that, in fact, these cultures are not as different from the United States with regard to collectivity as they seem. In our study, we contrast the Americ…
The Effects of Reward Structure and Reciprocity in Social Dilemmas
Quantitative Decisions by Groups and Individuals
Social Dilemmas, Subgroups, and Motivation Loss in Task-Oriented Groups
Tatsuya Kameda, Mark F. Stasson, James H. Davis, Craig D. Parks, Suzi K. Zimmerman, Social Dilemmas, Subgroups, and Motivation Loss in Task-Oriented Groups: In Search of an "Optimal" Team Size in Division of Work, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 1 (Mar., 1992), pp. 47-56
Reciprocity and the induction of cooperation in social dilemmas
Effects of Assigned Group Consensus Requirement on Group Problem Solving and Group Members' Learning
Mark F. Stasson, Tatsuya Kameda, Craig D. Parks, Suzi K. Zimmerman, James H. Davis, Effects of Assigned Group Consensus Requirement on Group Problem Solving and Group Members' Learning, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 25-35
Reciprocity and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
In computer simulation studies of the prisoner's dilemma conducted by Axelrod (1984), the tit-for-tat (TFT) strategy was found to be most effective. Two important properties of the TFT strategy are based on the reciprocity norm: (1) It is “provocable” and immediately retaliates if the other person defects; and (2) it is “forgiving” and immedicately reciprocates cooperation if the other returns to cooperation after defection. Delay of reciprocity …
Social Value Orientation and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
This article reports a meta-analysis of 82 studies assessing the relationship between social value orientation (SVO) and cooperation in social dilemmas. A significant and small to medium effect size was found ( r = .30). Results supported a hypothesis that the effect size was larger when participants were not paid ( r = .39) than when they were paid ( r = .23). The effect size was also larger in give-some ( r = .29) as opposed to take-some ( r = …
High And Low Trusters' Responses To Fear in a Payoff Matrix
Interpersonal trust has long been known to influence cooperation. This study tested the hypothesis that one's degree of trust in others will influence the extent to which one reacts to the presence of fear (or the possibility of receiving no payoff for cooperative actions) in a payoff matrix. The hypothesis was formally tested with public goods games and resource dilemma games, with fear manipulated. Results support the hypothesis: when fear was …
Reciprocity and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
In computer simulation studies of the prisoner's dilemma conducted by Axelrod (1984), the tit-for-tat (TFT) strategy was found to be most effective. Two important properties of the TFT strategy are based on the reciprocity norm: (1) It is “provocable” and immediately retaliates if the other person defects; and (2) it is “forgiving” and immedicately reciprocates cooperation if the other returns to cooperation after defection. Delay of reciprocity …
Trust and Reactions to Messages of Intent in Social Dilemmas
This study examined how low- and high-trust individuals react to messages of intended behavior in a social dilemma situation. Subjects played a two-person prisoner's dilemma; the opponent was a reciprocal strategy programmed by the experimenter. During the game, subjects received a message stating that the opponent planned to be cooperative or competitive for the remainder of the game. In Study 1, low trusters reacted to the competitive message b…
Social Dilemma Behavior of Individuals from Highly Individualist and Collectivist Cultures
Existing studies of social dilemmas in other cultures report patterns of behavior that are very similar to that of American subjects. This has held even in cultures that are seemingly quite different from the United States in terms of their emphasis on the collective over the individual. We argue that, in fact, these cultures are not as different from the United States with regard to collectivity as they seem. In our study, we contrast the Americ…
How many bad apples does it take to spoil the whole barrel?”
Reciprocity and the induction of cooperation in social dilemmas
The desire to expel unselfish members from the group
An initial study investigating tolerance of group members who abuse a public good surprisingly showed that unselfish members (those who gave much toward the provision of the good but then used little of the good) were also targets for expulsion from the group. Two follow-up studies replicated this and ruled out explanations grounded in the target being seen as confused or unpredictable. A fourth study suggested that the target is seen by some as …
Regulatory focus and food choice motives. Prevention orientation associated with mood, convenience, and familiarity
The benefits of empathy
Cooperation in social dilemmas is often challenged by negative noise, or unintended errors, such that the actual behavior is less cooperative than intended—for example, arriving later than intended for a meeting due to an unusual traffic jam. The present research was inspired by the notion that doing a little more for one's interaction partner, which may be movitvated by empathetic feelings, can effectively reduce the detrimental effects of “nega…
The Effects of Reward Structure and Reciprocity in Social Dilemmas
Effects of Assigned Group Consensus Requirement on Group Problem Solving and Group Members' Learning
Mark F. Stasson, Tatsuya Kameda, Craig D. Parks, Suzi K. Zimmerman, James H. Davis, Effects of Assigned Group Consensus Requirement on Group Problem Solving and Group Members' Learning, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 25-35
Retrospection in social dilemmas
This article reports 2 studies investigating the effects of retrospective thought on future cooperation in social dilemmas. Some general theories of cooperation presume, but have not tested, whether retrospection has impact: People may think about the choices they could have made instead, realize that cooperation would have produced larger outcomes, and change their strategy as a result. Across both studies, the authors show that rate of future c…
Quantitative Decisions by Groups and Individuals
Reciprocal Strategies for Large Groups
Reciprocal strategies have been shown to be effective in inducing long-term cooperation in social dilemmas involving small, but not large, groups. In this article, we argue that group-based reciprocal strategies (GBRS)--under which one reciprocates cooperative factions, not individuals, within the group--can induce cooperation in large groups. Results of two computer simulations of 100-member groups show that a GBRS accumulates a significantly la…
Some social mechanics of group decision making
The first study extrapolated earlier findings (Davis, Stasson, Ono, & Zimmerman, 1988) that the critical fourth voter in six-person mock juries evenly divided between guilty-and not-guilty-inclined jurors (3, 3) were significantly influenced by the preceding sequence (guilty or not-guilty faction voting first) and timing of a straw poll. Experiment 2 focused only on sequential voting in (4, 2) groups in which sequential voting by majority-minorit…
Retracted
Bem viver para a próxima geração
Bem Viver (BV) é tema intrigante quando se distancia da chamada sociedade de consumo. Diante do fenômeno das mudanças climáticas, não faz sentido discutir BV subjetivamente, sem correlacioná-lo ao significado de bem comum. O objetivo é dialogar sobre o tema do BV, relevando o interesse das gerações futuras, a partir da relação dialética entre subjetividade e bem comum e da complementaridade entre a dinâmica entre ser humano e natureza. Trata-se d…
Social Dilemmas, Subgroups, and Motivation Loss in Task-Oriented Groups
Tatsuya Kameda, Mark F. Stasson, James H. Davis, Craig D. Parks, Suzi K. Zimmerman, Social Dilemmas, Subgroups, and Motivation Loss in Task-Oriented Groups: In Search of an "Optimal" Team Size in Division of Work, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 1 (Mar., 1992), pp. 47-56
Some social mechanics of group decision making
The first study extrapolated earlier findings (Davis, Stasson, Ono, & Zimmerman, 1988) that the critical fourth voter in six-person mock juries evenly divided between guilty-and not-guilty-inclined jurors (3, 3) were significantly influenced by the preceding sequence (guilty or not-guilty faction voting first) and timing of a straw poll. Experiment 2 focused only on sequential voting in (4, 2) groups in which sequential voting by majority-minorit…
Effects of Assigned Group Consensus Requirement on Group Problem Solving and Group Members' Learning
Mark F. Stasson, Tatsuya Kameda, Craig D. Parks, Suzi K. Zimmerman, James H. Davis, Effects of Assigned Group Consensus Requirement on Group Problem Solving and Group Members' Learning, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 25-35
Reciprocity and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
In computer simulation studies of the prisoner's dilemma conducted by Axelrod (1984), the tit-for-tat (TFT) strategy was found to be most effective. Two important properties of the TFT strategy are based on the reciprocity norm: (1) It is “provocable” and immediately retaliates if the other person defects; and (2) it is “forgiving” and immedicately reciprocates cooperation if the other returns to cooperation after defection. Delay of reciprocity …
Social Dilemmas, Subgroups, and Motivation Loss in Task-Oriented Groups
Tatsuya Kameda, Mark F. Stasson, James H. Davis, Craig D. Parks, Suzi K. Zimmerman, Social Dilemmas, Subgroups, and Motivation Loss in Task-Oriented Groups: In Search of an "Optimal" Team Size in Division of Work, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 1 (Mar., 1992), pp. 47-56
Reciprocity and the induction of cooperation in social dilemmas
The Effects of Reward Structure and Reciprocity in Social Dilemmas
Quantitative Decisions by Groups and Individuals
Social Dilemma Behavior of Individuals from Highly Individualist and Collectivist Cultures
Existing studies of social dilemmas in other cultures report patterns of behavior that are very similar to that of American subjects. This has held even in cultures that are seemingly quite different from the United States in terms of their emphasis on the collective over the individual. We argue that, in fact, these cultures are not as different from the United States with regard to collectivity as they seem. In our study, we contrast the Americ…
Interpersonal Relations
A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes ...Read More
High And Low Trusters' Responses To Fear in a Payoff Matrix
Interpersonal trust has long been known to influence cooperation. This study tested the hypothesis that one's degree of trust in others will influence the extent to which one reacts to the presence of fear (or the possibility of receiving no payoff for cooperative actions) in a payoff matrix. The hypothesis was formally tested with public goods games and resource dilemma games, with fear manipulated. Results support the hypothesis: when fear was …
Trust and Reactions to Messages of Intent in Social Dilemmas
This study examined how low- and high-trust individuals react to messages of intended behavior in a social dilemma situation. Subjects played a two-person prisoner's dilemma; the opponent was a reciprocal strategy programmed by the experimenter. During the game, subjects received a message stating that the opponent planned to be cooperative or competitive for the remainder of the game. In Study 1, low trusters reacted to the competitive message b…
Reciprocal Strategies for Large Groups
Reciprocal strategies have been shown to be effective in inducing long-term cooperation in social dilemmas involving small, but not large, groups. In this article, we argue that group-based reciprocal strategies (GBRS)--under which one reciprocates cooperative factions, not individuals, within the group--can induce cooperation in large groups. Results of two computer simulations of 100-member groups show that a GBRS accumulates a significantly la…
The Plaintiff Bias in Mock Civil Jury Decision Making
The effect of the normatively based plaintiff bias (favoritism toward an individual suing a corporation) on decision making was assessed for six-person mock juries that made decisions, or merely discussed the case, or for individual jurors. Decision makers also received information in either tables or graphs but there was no effect of this manipulation. It was predicted that groups would award more money than individual decision makers, and that …
Testing Various Types of Cooperation Rewards in Social Dilemmas
Research on the rewarding of cooperative behavior in social dilemmas has shown that very different types of reward strategies each seem to be effective at inducing high rates of cooperation in group members. This makes it difficult to determine how a cooperation reward motivates cooperation. This study systematically examined various components of cooperation reward schemes so as to help identify the general properties of an effective cooperation…
Retrospection in social dilemmas
This article reports 2 studies investigating the effects of retrospective thought on future cooperation in social dilemmas. Some general theories of cooperation presume, but have not tested, whether retrospection has impact: People may think about the choices they could have made instead, realize that cooperation would have produced larger outcomes, and change their strategy as a result. Across both studies, the authors show that rate of future c…
Social Value Orientation and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
This article reports a meta-analysis of 82 studies assessing the relationship between social value orientation (SVO) and cooperation in social dilemmas. A significant and small to medium effect size was found ( r = .30). Results supported a hypothesis that the effect size was larger when participants were not paid ( r = .39) than when they were paid ( r = .23). The effect size was also larger in give-some ( r = .29) as opposed to take-some ( r = …
How many bad apples does it take to spoil the whole barrel?”
The benefits of empathy
Cooperation in social dilemmas is often challenged by negative noise, or unintended errors, such that the actual behavior is less cooperative than intended—for example, arriving later than intended for a meeting due to an unusual traffic jam. The present research was inspired by the notion that doing a little more for one's interaction partner, which may be movitvated by empathetic feelings, can effectively reduce the detrimental effects of “nega…
Retracted
The desire to expel unselfish members from the group
An initial study investigating tolerance of group members who abuse a public good surprisingly showed that unselfish members (those who gave much toward the provision of the good but then used little of the good) were also targets for expulsion from the group. Two follow-up studies replicated this and ruled out explanations grounded in the target being seen as confused or unpredictable. A fourth study suggested that the target is seen by some as …
The psychology of social dilemmas
Regulatory focus and food choice motives. Prevention orientation associated with mood, convenience, and familiarity
Does information about others’ behavior undermine cooperation in social dilemmas
This project addresses how and why behavior in a resource dilemma differs when one only knows the choices of others versus only knows the state of the resource. Study 1 suggested that resource information is more valuable than social information, in that if the resource can be monitored, whether or not others’ choices can also be monitored has no impact on behavior. However, if the state of the resource is not known, the ability to know what othe…
Bem viver para a próxima geração
Bem Viver (BV) é tema intrigante quando se distancia da chamada sociedade de consumo. Diante do fenômeno das mudanças climáticas, não faz sentido discutir BV subjetivamente, sem correlacioná-lo ao significado de bem comum. O objetivo é dialogar sobre o tema do BV, relevando o interesse das gerações futuras, a partir da relação dialética entre subjetividade e bem comum e da complementaridade entre a dinâmica entre ser humano e natureza. Trata-se d…
Bem Viver e Ecossocioeconomias
Diante do fenômeno das mudanças climáticas, não faz sentido discutir Bem Viver (BV) subjetivamente, sem correlacioná-lo ao significado de bem comum. O objetivo é dialogar sobre o tema do Bem Viver em perspectiva intergeracional na dialética entre subjetividade e bem comum, homem-natureza, considerados como falsos binômios. Trata-se de um ensaio. O BV, mais do que condição material, socioeducacional e de saúde, é estado particular de felicidade, n…
Psychology (24 obras) · Social Psychology (23 obras) · Social Psychology (17 obras) · Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation (15 obras) · Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies (14 obras) · Social dilemma (10 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (9 obras) · Political science (9 obras) · Dilemma (7 obras) · Law (7 obras)