David J P Barker
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4233120 |
|---|---|
| NOME | David J P Barker |
| PRENOMES | David J P |
| SOBRENOME | Barker |
| ASSINATURA | BARKER D J P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Southampton General Hospital |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 37 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 52 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1986 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2013 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
The developmental origins of chronic rheumatic heart disease
OBJECTIVES: Programming is the phenomenon whereby the body's structures and functions are permanently set by nutrition and other influences during early development. There is increasing evidence that programming in utero initiates cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that susceptibility to developing chronic rheumatic heart disease on exposure to Streptococcus pyogenes is programmed. METHODS: We studied hospital admissions and deaths from chro…
Intergenerational effects of in utero exposure to Ramadan in Tunisia
Objectives
The velocity of fetal growth is associated with the breadth of the placental surface, but not with the length
OBJECTIVES: Studies of the placenta in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia have led to the suggestion that tissue along the length and breadth of its surface has different functions. A recent study in Saudi Arabia showed that the body size of newborn babies was related to the breadth of the surface at birth but not to its length. We have now examined whether the association between placental breadth and body size reflects large size of the b…
The shape of the placental surface at birth and colorectal cancer in later life
OBJECTIVES: Many chronic diseases, including certain cancers, may originate through variations in the supply of nutrients to the fetus. These variations change gene expression and permanently set the structure and function of the body, a process known as programming. Fetal nutrition depends on the mother's metabolism and nutritional reserves, and on the placenta's ability to transfer nutrients from mother to baby. In this study, we examine how co…
Trajectories of physical growth and personality dimensions of the Five-Factor Model
Although physical growth in early life is associated with the risk of somatic illnesses and psychological disorders in adulthood, few studies have focused upon the associations between growth and dimensional personality traits. We examined the associations between pre- and postnatal growth in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) and Five-Factor Model dimensions in adulthood. From the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, 1,682 participants completed …
Ethnic differences in the accumulation of fat and lean mass in late gestation
OBJECTIVES: Lower birth weight within the normal range predicts adult chronic diseases, but the same birth weight in different ethnic groups may reflect different patterns of tissue development. Neonatal body composition was investigated among non-Hispanic Caucasians and African Americans, taking advantage of variability in gestational duration to understand growth during late gestation. METHODS: Air displacement plethysmography assessed fat and …
A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and prostate cancer in their sons
OBJECTIVES: Among women attending antenatal clinics during 1934-1944 a large intercristal diameter, the maximum distance between the pelvic iliac crests, was associated with a raised incidence of breast and ovarian cancer in the daughters in later life. At puberty, the intercristal diameter of girls enlarges rapidly under the influence of estrogen. We speculated that high maternal estrogen concentrations during pregnancy initiate hormonal cancers…
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Finnish Men and Women Separated Temporarily From Their Parents in Childhood—A Life Course Study
Objective Early-life stress may influence health later in life. We examined morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease over 60 years in individuals separated temporarily from their parents in childhood due to World War II. Methods We studied 12,915 members of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born from 1934 to 1944, of whom 1726 (13.4%) had been evacuated aboard without their parents to temporary foster families for an average of 1.8 (stan…
Human growth and chronic disease
CONTEXT: Memorial to Jim Tanner. OBJECTIVE: To examine the links between early growth and chronic disease in later life. METHODS: Literature review. RESULTS: There is now a developmental model for the origins of chronic disease in which the causes to be identified are linked to normal variations in feto-placental, infant and childhood growth and development. These variations lead to variations in the supply of nutrients to the baby that permanent…
How boys grow determines how long they live
OBJECTIVES: Increase in height in modern societies has been accompanied by an in increase in lifespan. The longer lives of taller people suggest that good nutrition during childhood, together with freedom from recurrent minor infection, prolong human life. There is, however, a caveat. Tall adult stature may be the result of rapid "compensatory" growth following a setback. Compensatory growth is known to reduce the lifespan of animals, possibly be…
Boys live dangerously in the womb
The growth of every human fetus is constrained by the limited capacity of the mother and placenta to deliver nutrients to it. At birth, boys tend to be longer than girls at any placental weight. Boy's placentas may therefore be more efficient than girls, but may have less reserve capacity. In the womb boys grow faster than girls and are therefore at greater risk of becoming undernourished. Fetal undernutrition leads to small size at birth and car…
The prenatal origins of lung cancer. I. The fetus
People differ in their susceptibility to developing cancer on exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco. What causes this is largely unknown. One possibility is that it is determined by nutritional influences during development that permanently change the structure and function of the baby's body. We studied an older and a younger cohort, totaling 20,431 men and women, born in Helsinki during 1924-1933 and 1934-1944. Their body size at birth had be…
The prenatal origins of lung cancer. II. The placenta
We have shown that people who were short at birth in relation to their weight are at increased risk of lung cancer. We suggested that this reflected low amino acid-high glucose delivery to the fetus and that this impaired the development of its antioxidant systems and made it vulnerable to tobacco smoke and other carcinogens in later life. Transfer of amino acids and glucose from mother to fetus depends on the placenta. We here examine how matern…
Childhood socioeconomic status modifies the association between intellectual abilities at age 20 and mortality in later life
BACKGROUND: People who score poorly in intellectual ability tests have shorter life expectancy. A study was undertaken to determine whether this association is different in people from different socioeconomic backgrounds. METHODS: The mortality of 2786 men born in Helsinki, Finland during 1934-1944 who, as military conscripts, underwent a standardised intellectual ability test comprising verbal, visuospatial and arithmetic reasoning subtests was …
Growth and chronic disease
There is now clear evidence that the pace and pathway of early growth is a major risk factor for the development of a group of chronic diseases that include coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This has led to a new 'developmental' model for these disorders. The so-called 'fetal origins hypothesis' proposes that the disorders originate through developmental plasticity, whereby malnutrition during fetal life, infancy a…
A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and breast cancer in their daughters
One hypothesis for the origins of breast cancer is that it is initiated by exposure of developing breast tissue in utero to maternal sex hormones. The sex hormone profile is established at puberty, when it regulates growth of the pelvic bones. The pubertal growth of girls is characterized by broadening and rounding of the pelvis. The maximal width between their iliac crests, the intercristal width, increases more rapidly than in boys. We hypothes…
Infant Growth and Hostility in Adult Life
OBJECTIVE: Hostility may confer a risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, but why is uncertain. A common origin in suboptimal fetal and early postnatal life may lie beneath. This study tested whether prenatal and postnatal growth predicts hostility in adult life. METHODS: Women (n = 939) and men (n = 740) born in Helsinki, Finland, from 1934 through 1944 filled out the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale at an average age of 63.4 years. G…
A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and ovarian cancer in their daughters
At puberty, the distance between the iliac crests of the female pelvis, measured by the intercristal and interspinous diameters, increases rapidly. This is mainly controlled by estrogens. We have followed up 6,370 women who were born in Helsinki during 1934-1944, and whose mothers' pelvic bones were measured during routine antenatal care. We have previously reported that women whose mothers had larger intercristal diameters had higher rates of br…
The origins of the developmental origins theory
Current orthodoxy states that coronary heart disease results from the unhealthy lifestyles of westernized adults together with a contribution from genetic inheritance. This does not provide a secure basis for prevention of the disease. Geographical studies gave the first clue that the disease originates during intra‐uterine development. Variations in mortality from the disease across England and Wales were shown to correlate closely with past dif…
A possible link between prenatal exposure to famine and breast cancer
In a study of 475 women born around the 1944-1945 Dutch famine, women exposed to prenatal famine more often reported a history of breast cancer than nonexposed women (hazard ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-7.7). They also had alterations in reproductive risk factors. Prenatal famine may increase breast cancer incidence
Trajectories of Growth among Children Who Have Coronary Events as Adults
BACKGROUND: Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. It is uncertain how postnatal growth affects disease risk. METHODS: We studied 8760 people born in Helsinki from 1934 through 1944. Childhood growth had been recorded. A total of 357 men and 87 women had been admitted to the hospital with coronary heart disease or had died from the disease. Coronary risk factors were measured in a subset of 2003 people. RESULTS: The mean bo…
Developmental plasticity and human health
The thrifty phenotype hypothesis
The thrifty phenotype hypothesis proposes that the epidemiological associations between poor fetal and infant growth and the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome result from the effects of poor nutrition in early life, which produces permanent changes in glucose-insulin metabolism. These changes include reduced capacity for insulin secretion and insulin resistance which, combined with effects of obesity, ageing and…
Fetal programming and adult health
Low birthweight is now known to be associated with increased rates of coronary heart disease and the related disorders stroke, hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes. These associations have been extensively replicated in studies in different countries and are not the result of confounding variables. They extend across the normal range of birthweight and depend on lower birthweights in relation to the duration of gestation rather than th…
Fetal nutrition and adult disease
Information, Misinformation, and Political Talk Radio
This article provides an empirical test of the theory that individuals gather political knowledge by inferential reasoning -constructing political ”reality” from the messages to which they are exposed by making inferences about what they do not know based on extrapolations from what they see or hear. This ”filling-in” may often result in misinformation, or the belief in incorrect information (as distinguished from a simple lack of information, or…
The maternal and fetal origins of cardiovascular disease
interpreted with extreme caution. Hypotheses generated by ecological studies need to be rigorously tested in epidemiological studies based on individuals rather than groups. These are considered in the second part of this review.'5
Risk of death from cardiovascular disease and chronic bronchitis determined by place of birth in England and Wales
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim of the study was to examine the relation between place of birth within England and Wales and cause of death. DESIGN--The study was a population survey using data provided by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys which, for a trial period between 1969 and 1972, coded place of birth on death certificates. SETTING--The survey involved almost 2 million people who died in England and Wales between April 1969 and Decemb…
Trajectories of physical growth and personality dimensions of the Five-Factor Model
Although physical growth in early life is associated with the risk of somatic illnesses and psychological disorders in adulthood, few studies have focused upon the associations between growth and dimensional personality traits. We examined the associations between pre- and postnatal growth in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) and Five-Factor Model dimensions in adulthood. From the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, 1,682 participants completed …
Ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales around the year 2000
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to predict death rates from ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales during the next 20 years. STUDY DESIGN--Age and sex specific death rates for 1968-1987 were used to predict national and regional trends until 2007. SETTING--The nine standard regions of England and Wales. RESULTS--There will be a large fall in deaths from ischaemic heart disease. The fall will be greater in men and women below 65 years of age. T…
Atlas of Mortality from Selected Diseases in England and Wales 1968-1978
Maps for selected individual causes of death other than cancer are presented for England and Wales. The maps are based on official data from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys for the years 1968-1978. Data are presented by sex for counties and for each of the 1366 local authority areas as constituted in 1971. (ANNOTATION
Childhood socioeconomic status modifies the association between intellectual abilities at age 20 and mortality in later life
BACKGROUND: People who score poorly in intellectual ability tests have shorter life expectancy. A study was undertaken to determine whether this association is different in people from different socioeconomic backgrounds. METHODS: The mortality of 2786 men born in Helsinki, Finland during 1934-1944 who, as military conscripts, underwent a standardised intellectual ability test comprising verbal, visuospatial and arithmetic reasoning subtests was …
Infant Mortality, Childhood Nutrition, and Ischaemic Heart Disease in England and Wales
Atlas of Mortality from Selected Diseases in England and Wales 1968-1978
Maps for selected individual causes of death other than cancer are presented for England and Wales. The maps are based on official data from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys for the years 1968-1978. Data are presented by sex for counties and for each of the 1366 local authority areas as constituted in 1971. (ANNOTATION
Weight in Infancy and Death From Ischaemic Heart Disease
Risk of death from cardiovascular disease and chronic bronchitis determined by place of birth in England and Wales
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim of the study was to examine the relation between place of birth within England and Wales and cause of death. DESIGN--The study was a population survey using data provided by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys which, for a trial period between 1969 and 1972, coded place of birth on death certificates. SETTING--The survey involved almost 2 million people who died in England and Wales between April 1969 and Decemb…
Ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales around the year 2000
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to predict death rates from ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales during the next 20 years. STUDY DESIGN--Age and sex specific death rates for 1968-1987 were used to predict national and regional trends until 2007. SETTING--The nine standard regions of England and Wales. RESULTS--There will be a large fall in deaths from ischaemic heart disease. The fall will be greater in men and women below 65 years of age. T…
Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
The maternal and fetal origins of cardiovascular disease
interpreted with extreme caution. Hypotheses generated by ecological studies need to be rigorously tested in epidemiological studies based on individuals rather than groups. These are considered in the second part of this review.'5
Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in adult life
Selective migration by birthweight
Maternal nutrition, fetal nutrition, and disease in later life
Obesity at the age of 50 y in men and women exposed to famine prenatally
Information, Misinformation, and Political Talk Radio
This article provides an empirical test of the theory that individuals gather political knowledge by inferential reasoning -constructing political ”reality” from the messages to which they are exposed by making inferences about what they do not know based on extrapolations from what they see or hear. This ”filling-in” may often result in misinformation, or the belief in incorrect information (as distinguished from a simple lack of information, or…
Fetal nutrition and adult disease
The thrifty phenotype hypothesis
The thrifty phenotype hypothesis proposes that the epidemiological associations between poor fetal and infant growth and the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome result from the effects of poor nutrition in early life, which produces permanent changes in glucose-insulin metabolism. These changes include reduced capacity for insulin secretion and insulin resistance which, combined with effects of obesity, ageing and…
Fetal programming and adult health
Low birthweight is now known to be associated with increased rates of coronary heart disease and the related disorders stroke, hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes. These associations have been extensively replicated in studies in different countries and are not the result of confounding variables. They extend across the normal range of birthweight and depend on lower birthweights in relation to the duration of gestation rather than th…
Developmental plasticity and human health
Trajectories of Growth among Children Who Have Coronary Events as Adults
BACKGROUND: Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. It is uncertain how postnatal growth affects disease risk. METHODS: We studied 8760 people born in Helsinki from 1934 through 1944. Childhood growth had been recorded. A total of 357 men and 87 women had been admitted to the hospital with coronary heart disease or had died from the disease. Coronary risk factors were measured in a subset of 2003 people. RESULTS: The mean bo…
A possible link between prenatal exposure to famine and breast cancer
In a study of 475 women born around the 1944-1945 Dutch famine, women exposed to prenatal famine more often reported a history of breast cancer than nonexposed women (hazard ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-7.7). They also had alterations in reproductive risk factors. Prenatal famine may increase breast cancer incidence
The origins of the developmental origins theory
Current orthodoxy states that coronary heart disease results from the unhealthy lifestyles of westernized adults together with a contribution from genetic inheritance. This does not provide a secure basis for prevention of the disease. Geographical studies gave the first clue that the disease originates during intra‐uterine development. Variations in mortality from the disease across England and Wales were shown to correlate closely with past dif…
A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and breast cancer in their daughters
One hypothesis for the origins of breast cancer is that it is initiated by exposure of developing breast tissue in utero to maternal sex hormones. The sex hormone profile is established at puberty, when it regulates growth of the pelvic bones. The pubertal growth of girls is characterized by broadening and rounding of the pelvis. The maximal width between their iliac crests, the intercristal width, increases more rapidly than in boys. We hypothes…
Infant Growth and Hostility in Adult Life
OBJECTIVE: Hostility may confer a risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, but why is uncertain. A common origin in suboptimal fetal and early postnatal life may lie beneath. This study tested whether prenatal and postnatal growth predicts hostility in adult life. METHODS: Women (n = 939) and men (n = 740) born in Helsinki, Finland, from 1934 through 1944 filled out the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale at an average age of 63.4 years. G…
A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and ovarian cancer in their daughters
At puberty, the distance between the iliac crests of the female pelvis, measured by the intercristal and interspinous diameters, increases rapidly. This is mainly controlled by estrogens. We have followed up 6,370 women who were born in Helsinki during 1934-1944, and whose mothers' pelvic bones were measured during routine antenatal care. We have previously reported that women whose mothers had larger intercristal diameters had higher rates of br…
Growth and chronic disease
There is now clear evidence that the pace and pathway of early growth is a major risk factor for the development of a group of chronic diseases that include coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This has led to a new 'developmental' model for these disorders. The so-called 'fetal origins hypothesis' proposes that the disorders originate through developmental plasticity, whereby malnutrition during fetal life, infancy a…
Boys live dangerously in the womb
The growth of every human fetus is constrained by the limited capacity of the mother and placenta to deliver nutrients to it. At birth, boys tend to be longer than girls at any placental weight. Boy's placentas may therefore be more efficient than girls, but may have less reserve capacity. In the womb boys grow faster than girls and are therefore at greater risk of becoming undernourished. Fetal undernutrition leads to small size at birth and car…
The prenatal origins of lung cancer. I. The fetus
People differ in their susceptibility to developing cancer on exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco. What causes this is largely unknown. One possibility is that it is determined by nutritional influences during development that permanently change the structure and function of the baby's body. We studied an older and a younger cohort, totaling 20,431 men and women, born in Helsinki during 1924-1933 and 1934-1944. Their body size at birth had be…
Medicine (36 obras) · Birth, Development, and Health (31 obras) · Biology (22 obras) · Pregnancy (22 obras) · Internal Medicine (20 obras) · Fetus (14 obras) · Obstetrics (14 obras) · Disease (13 obras) · Internal Medicine (13 obras) · Demography (12 obras)