E Silver
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 42378 |
|---|---|
| NOME | E Silver |
| PRENOMES | E |
| SOBRENOME | Silver |
| ASSINATURA | SILVER E |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Pennsylvania State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0128-5525 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 50 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 465 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 50 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1985 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
In the Eye of the Beholder
We draw on a politically motivated reasoning framework to examine divergent “fact perceptions” about the effectiveness of defensive gun use among conservatives and liberals. This framework suggests that people seek to align their factual beliefs with their ideological identities, a tendency that should be stronger among people with more pronounced reasoning abilities. Using a national YouGov sample of 1,125 U.S. adults, we examined associations a…
Beyond Black and White
Moral Intuitions and Support for Immigration
Introduction Attitudes toward immigration are often shaped by whether immigrants are perceived as a threat to one's racial, ethnic, or nativity group status. Yet recent research shows that such perceptions vary not only between different groups but also within them. Drawing on Moral Foundations Theory, our study investigates the moral intuitions that lead some individuals to view immigrants as threats and others to see them as deserving of care a…
Racial Identity and Endorsements of Anti-Black and Anti-White Stereotypes
Using data from a 2023 YouGov survey of U.S. adults, we examine whether the strength of Black and White respondents' racial identities are associated with their endorsements of anti-Black stereotypes that blame Blacks for their unequal position in society and anti-White stereotypes that blame Whites for their indifference to racial inequality and protection of their privilege. We find that, among Black respondents, a stronger racial identity-and …
Race differences in support for anti‐racism policies
Introduction Support for anti‐racism policies such as mandatory diversity training and affirmative action varies by race. Research in the racial resentment and symbolic racism traditions focuses on whites’ endorsements of stereotypes that blame blacks for their unequal position in society, causing whites to be less supportive of anti‐racism policies. Systemic racism theory suggests an additional hypothesis: People who believe whites are not doing…
Beyond racial resentment
Introduction Systemic racism theory has become a central part of academic and public discussions about criminal justice institutions and reforms. Little, however, is known about the association between people's belief in the ubiquity of systemic racism and their attitudes toward criminal justice institutions and reforms. Methods To fill this gap, we examine the association between systemic racism beliefs and support for police, police reform, and…
Rape or Homicide
The Moral Foundations of Christian Nationalism
Why does Christian Nationalism (CN) resonate with some Americans but not others? We employ Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) to fill this gap. MFT posits that individuals possess a moral matrix made up of concerns for group cohesion (authority, loyalty, and sanctity), egalitarian ideals (care and fairness), and individual autonomy (liberty). Using a nationally representative survey (N = 1,125), we find that support for CN is largely motivated by con…
When all you have is a hammer
Back to Basics
The focal concerns framework is widely used in research on sentencing, although the empirical validity of the framework itself is seldom directly evaluated. To fill this gap, we use survey data from 134 trial court judges to examine two basic questions about the focal concerns framework: (1) How and to what extent do judges consider the original focal concerns of blameworthiness, community protection, and practical constraints in their sentencing…
Moral intuitions and vaccine hesitancy during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Background While the COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide, the rapid development and distribution of novel vaccines reduced the scale of severe illness and death. Even so, many people remain unvaccinated. Objective We investigate the extent to which various moral intuitions are associated with COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. Methods We use data from a 2021 national YouGov sample of U.S. adults and logistic regression to exam…
Moral Reactions to Sexual Relationships that Violate Age Norms
We examined whether Moral Foundations Theory helps explain Americans' reactions to violations of age-related sexual norms. Attitudes toward sexual relationships between two adolescents, an adolescent and a young adult, and two adults of highly discrepant ages were obtained from a nationally representative sample of 1,117 adults in the United States. The sex of the older person was manipulated in the age-discrepant scenarios. We found that respond…
Social Justice and Social Order
Few topics are as heavily studied as Americans' beliefs about racial disparities. Most of this research examines white people's endorsements of stereotypes that blame black people for their unequal position in society. Research in the racial resentment and symbolic racism traditions is perhaps the best-known example of this approach. This research, however, is incomplete and is becoming more so as contemporary U.S. discourse expands to incorporat…
Bystander Reporting on a College Campus
Research in criminology finds that moral intuitions influence both offending and punitive reactions to offending. However, no prior studies have examined the influence of moral intuitions on bystander reporting. To fill this gap, I examine the influence of moral intuitions on bystanders’ likelihood of engaging in indirect informal social control by reporting a range of deviant behaviors to campus authorities. Deviant behaviors include common devi…
Do moral intuitions influence judges' sentencing decisions? A multilevel study of criminal court sentencing in Pennsylvania
Moral intuitions and attitudes towards affirmative action in college admissions
For whom is patriotism blind? Examining the roles of moral intuitions and system justification
Social order and social justice
We examine the influence of moral intuitions on Americans’ divergent attitudes toward Black Lives Matter (BLM) and police. Drawing on Moral Foundations Theory, we hypothesize that individualizing moral intuitions that put care and protection of the vulnerable at the center of moral concern (a social justice orientation) lead people to express positive feelings toward BLM and negative feelings toward police, whereas binding moral intuitions that p…
The Resonance of Repression
The limited research on support for state repression of protests points to protest violence, ideological opposition, and racial/ethnic resentment, but few have examined how moral intuitions influence support for repression and racialized opposition to protest claims. The authors use a national survey of 1,030 respondents, fielded in June 2020 at the height of the post-Floyd Black Lives Matter protests, to investigate the moral motivations for sup…
Academic Orientation as a Function of Moral Fit
Researchers have studied academic orientation-students' valuing of and commitment to education-as in part a function of a cultural fit between students' cultural capital, competencies, identity, and the institutional culture of the education system. Recent research on students' aspirations and commitment highlights the moral undertones of such cultural fit. Scholars have identified the perceived moral connotations of becoming 'an educated person'…
Moral Intuitions and Suicide Risk
Combining insights from Moral Foundations Theory and the Durkheimian tradition, we examine the effects of moral intuitions on suicide risk. We argue that moral intuitions constitute a moral-regulative force that individuals bring with them into a range of socially structured settings and that influence their behavior independent of the structural forces in play in those settings. Focusing on Iceland, an economically advanced country with a largel…
Morality and Self-Control
The notion that morality and self-control are linked is deeply rooted in Western scholarly and religious traditions, yet few studies have examined this notion empirically. To fill this gap, we employ a pluralistic moral framework and data from four independently gathered samples to examine the relationship between morality and self-control. We hypothesize that people with higher levels of morality (measured as individualizing and binding moral mo…
Students' Attitudes Toward College Drinking
This study uses Moral Foundations Theory to examine the association between moral intuitions and college students' attitudes toward drinking. The data consist of 1,447 college students sampled in 2017 at a large public university. Results show that students' attitudes toward drinking are associated with their moral intuitions. Specifically, students whose moral intuitions emphasize purity are less favorable toward drinking, while students whose m…
Why are conservatives more punitive than liberals? A moral foundations approach.
Morality is thought to underlie both ideological and punitive attitudes. In particular, moral foundations research suggests that group-oriented moral concerns promote a conservative orientation, while individual-oriented moral concerns promote a liberal orientation (Graham, Haidt, & Nosek, 2009). Drawing on classical sociological theory, we argue that endorsement of group-oriented moral concerns also elicits higher levels of punitiveness by promo…
Beyond Harm and Fairness
Using data from 1,429 students, we test whether a moral foundations approach focusing on both individual- and group-oriented measures of morality improves our ability to predict deviant behavior over and above the effects of individual-oriented measures alone. Results show that the emphasis individuals place on group-oriented moral concerns is inversely associated with a range of deviant behaviors. Moreover, these associations are stronger and mo…
Neighborhood structural characteristics and mental disorder
Sources of Informal Social Control in Chicago Neighborhoods
Why do youth in structurally disadvantaged neighborhoods experience lower levels of informal social control? To answer this question, we examined multilevel data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Using hierarchical regression, we found that (1) neighborhood attachment and satisfaction with police contributed significantly to neighborhood levels of informal social control; and (2) neighborhood attachment and satisfact…
The Role of Depressed Mood and Anger in the Relationship Between Family Conflict and Delinquent Behavior
Extending Social Disorganization Theory
Prior studies of violence among individuals with mental illnesses have focused almost exclusively on individual‐level characteristics. In this study, I examine whether the structural correlates of neighborhood social disorganization also explain variation in violence. I use data on 270 psychiatric patients who were treated and discharged from an acute inpatient facility combined with tract‐level data from the 1990 U.S. Census. I find that living …
Neighborhoods and Self-Control
In this article we develop and test a multi-level theory of the sources of self-control among adolescents. We argue that neighborhoods are an important structural source of self-control. We test this idea using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 9,171). Results from a multilevel structural equation model indicate that neighborhood disadvantage is a significant predictor of adolescent self-control, controlling for …
Policing Mentally Disordered Suspects
The criminalization hypothesis is based on the assumption that police inappropriately use arrest to resolve encounters with mentally disordered suspects. The current study uses data collected from two large‐scale, multisite field studies of police behavior‐the Project on Policing Neighborhoods (POPN) conducted in 1996–1997 and the Police Services Study (PSS) conducted in 1977‐to examine the relationship between suspect mental health and use of ar…
Mental Disorder and Violent Victimization
This study examines whether the relationship between mental disorder and violent victimization is attributable to the disproportionate involvement of mentally disordered people in conflicted social relationships. The data consist of a sample of discharged psychiatric patients ( N = 270) and a sample of nonpatients ( N = 477) drawn from the same neighborhoods. Results show that mentally disordered patients were more likely to be victimized by viol…
Social order and social justice
We examine the influence of moral intuitions on Americans’ divergent attitudes toward Black Lives Matter (BLM) and police. Drawing on Moral Foundations Theory, we hypothesize that individualizing moral intuitions that put care and protection of the vulnerable at the center of moral concern (a social justice orientation) lead people to express positive feelings toward BLM and negative feelings toward police, whereas binding moral intuitions that p…
Collective Efficacy and Crime in Los Angeles Neighborhoods
We use data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Study (LAFANS) to examine the degree to which social ties and collective efficacy influence neighborhood levels of crime, net of neighborhood structural characteristics. Results indicate that residential instability and collective efficacy were each associated with lower log odds of robbery victimization, while social ties had a positive effect on robbery victimization. Further, collective …
Tattoo Acquisition
This study uses prospective longitudinal data to examine who acquired a first tattoo among a national sample of adolescents (n = 13,101). Results indicate that social bonds, prior deviant involvement, self-protection, and negative self-appraisal all were predictive of tattoo acquisition. Results also show nontrivial differences in the likelihood of tattoo acquisition for different subgroups of adolescents, ranging from 1 in 5 for adolescents who …
Beyond Harm and Fairness
Using data from 1,429 students, we test whether a moral foundations approach focusing on both individual- and group-oriented measures of morality improves our ability to predict deviant behavior over and above the effects of individual-oriented measures alone. Results show that the emphasis individuals place on group-oriented moral concerns is inversely associated with a range of deviant behaviors. Moreover, these associations are stronger and mo…
Emotional Reactions to Stress Among Adolescent Boys and Girls
This study examines the effects of negative life events on anger and depressed mood among a sample of 7,758 Icelandic adolescents, measured as part of the National Survey of Icelandic Adolescents (Thorlindsson, Sigfusdottir, Bernburg, & Halldorsson, 1998). Using multiple linear regression and multinomial logit regression, we find that (a) girls and boys tend to experience different negative life events, (b) negative life events are associated wit…
When all you have is a hammer
Future Selves and Self-Control Motivation
Self-control is well established as a predictor of crime and deviance. Little is known, however, about the motivation to exert self-control, or the degree to which individuals perceive self-control to be relevant or necessary. This is because the "self" in self-control theory is under-theorized. We argue that self-control over criminal and deviant behavior is influenced by the desired and feared conceptions people have of themselves in the future…
Mental Disorder and Violence
Research on the relationship between mental disorder and violence has focused largely on the effects of clinical characteristics, such as treatment adherence and psychotic symptoms, with little attention to the potentially important role of stressful life events and impaired social support. Yet, stressful life events and impaired social support have been found to be significantly associated with the onset and course of mental disorder and with th…
The Resonance of Repression
The limited research on support for state repression of protests points to protest violence, ideological opposition, and racial/ethnic resentment, but few have examined how moral intuitions influence support for repression and racialized opposition to protest claims. The authors use a national survey of 1,030 respondents, fielded in June 2020 at the height of the post-Floyd Black Lives Matter protests, to investigate the moral motivations for sup…
Morality and Self-Control
The notion that morality and self-control are linked is deeply rooted in Western scholarly and religious traditions, yet few studies have examined this notion empirically. To fill this gap, we employ a pluralistic moral framework and data from four independently gathered samples to examine the relationship between morality and self-control. We hypothesize that people with higher levels of morality (measured as individualizing and binding moral mo…
Moral intuitions and attitudes towards affirmative action in college admissions
Academic Orientation as a Function of Moral Fit
Researchers have studied academic orientation-students' valuing of and commitment to education-as in part a function of a cultural fit between students' cultural capital, competencies, identity, and the institutional culture of the education system. Recent research on students' aspirations and commitment highlights the moral undertones of such cultural fit. Scholars have identified the perceived moral connotations of becoming 'an educated person'…
Bodily Signs of Academic Success
This study examined the relationship between bodily comportment (tattoos and grooming) and the likelihood of going to college among a national sample of 11,010 adolescents gathered as part of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results show that adolescents with tattoos and those judged as poorly groomed by Add Health interviewers were significantly less likely to go to college after graduating from high school. These effects we…
Gender and the associated impairments of childhood sexual abuse
Adolescent Work Experiences and Family Formation Behavior
A long‐standing critique of adolescent employment is that it engenders a precocious maturity of more adult‐like roles and behaviors, including school disengagement, substance use, sexual activity, inadequate sleep and exercise, and work‐related stress. Though negative effects of high‐intensity work on adolescent adjustment have been found, little research has addressed whether such work experiences are associated with precocious family formation …
Spuriousness or mediation? Broken windows according to Sampson and Raudenbush (1999)
Social Justice and Social Order
Few topics are as heavily studied as Americans' beliefs about racial disparities. Most of this research examines white people's endorsements of stereotypes that blame black people for their unequal position in society. Research in the racial resentment and symbolic racism traditions is perhaps the best-known example of this approach. This research, however, is incomplete and is becoming more so as contemporary U.S. discourse expands to incorporat…
For whom is patriotism blind? Examining the roles of moral intuitions and system justification
Begin
Sacred and Secular in Contemporary Israel
Perceptions of God among Persons with Mental Retardation
Perceptions of God were measured among persons with mental retardation. The levels of retardation of these individuals ranged from mild to profound. Measurement of God concept involved asking participants to select pictures that reminded them of God. The pictures had been pretested with Catholic and Protestant individuals who ranged in cognitive development from preoperational to formal operational thinking. Analyses suggested that moderately ret…
Violence by People Discharged From Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Facilities and by Others in the Same Neighborhoods
BACKGROUND: The public perception that mental disorder is strongly associated with violence drives both legal policy (eg, civil commitment) and social practice (eg, stigma) toward people with mental disorders. This study describes and characterizes the prevalence of community violence in a sample of people discharged from acute psychiatric facilities at 3 sites. At one site, a comparison group of other residents in the same neighborhoods was also…
A classification tree approach to the development of actuarial violence risk assessment tools
Since the 1970s, a wide body of research has suggested that the accuracy of clinical risk assessments of violence might be increased if clinicians used actuarial tools. Despite considerable progress in recent years in the development of such tools for violence risk assessment, they remain primarily research instruments, largely ignored in daily clinical practice. We argue that because most existing actuarial tools are based on a main effects regr…
Extending Social Disorganization Theory
Prior studies of violence among individuals with mental illnesses have focused almost exclusively on individual‐level characteristics. In this study, I examine whether the structural correlates of neighborhood social disorganization also explain variation in violence. I use data on 270 psychiatric patients who were treated and discharged from an acute inpatient facility combined with tract‐level data from the 1990 U.S. Census. I find that living …
Actuarial risk assessment
Policing Mentally Disordered Suspects
The criminalization hypothesis is based on the assumption that police inappropriately use arrest to resolve encounters with mentally disordered suspects. The current study uses data collected from two large‐scale, multisite field studies of police behavior‐the Project on Policing Neighborhoods (POPN) conducted in 1996–1997 and the Police Services Study (PSS) conducted in 1977‐to examine the relationship between suspect mental health and use of ar…
Mental Disorder and Violent Victimization
This study examines whether the relationship between mental disorder and violent victimization is attributable to the disproportionate involvement of mentally disordered people in conflicted social relationships. The data consist of a sample of discharged psychiatric patients ( N = 270) and a sample of nonpatients ( N = 477) drawn from the same neighborhoods. Results show that mentally disordered patients were more likely to be victimized by viol…
Neighborhood structural characteristics and mental disorder
The Role of Depressed Mood and Anger in the Relationship Between Family Conflict and Delinquent Behavior
Sources of Informal Social Control in Chicago Neighborhoods
Why do youth in structurally disadvantaged neighborhoods experience lower levels of informal social control? To answer this question, we examined multilevel data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Using hierarchical regression, we found that (1) neighborhood attachment and satisfaction with police contributed significantly to neighborhood levels of informal social control; and (2) neighborhood attachment and satisfact…
Mental Disorder and Violent Victimization in a Total Birth Cohort
Objective. We examined the association between mental disorder and violent victimization in a general population sample. Methods. We performed a multivariate analysis of violent victimization in a 12-month period on a total birth cohort with follow-up data that assessed, during their 21st year, males and females born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in the early 1970s. Results. Compared with people with no mental disorder, (1) people with anxiety disorde…
Mental Disorder and Violence
Research on the relationship between mental disorder and violence has focused largely on the effects of clinical characteristics, such as treatment adherence and psychotic symptoms, with little attention to the potentially important role of stressful life events and impaired social support. Yet, stressful life events and impaired social support have been found to be significantly associated with the onset and course of mental disorder and with th…
Neighborhood Characteristics, Peer Networks, and Adolescent Violence
Spuriousness or mediation? Broken windows according to Sampson and Raudenbush (1999)
Gender and the associated impairments of childhood sexual abuse
Neighborhoods and Self-Control
In this article we develop and test a multi-level theory of the sources of self-control among adolescents. We argue that neighborhoods are an important structural source of self-control. We test this idea using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 9,171). Results from a multilevel structural equation model indicate that neighborhood disadvantage is a significant predictor of adolescent self-control, controlling for …
Emotional Reactions to Stress Among Adolescent Boys and Girls
This study examines the effects of negative life events on anger and depressed mood among a sample of 7,758 Icelandic adolescents, measured as part of the National Survey of Icelandic Adolescents (Thorlindsson, Sigfusdottir, Bernburg, & Halldorsson, 1998). Using multiple linear regression and multinomial logit regression, we find that (a) girls and boys tend to experience different negative life events, (b) negative life events are associated wit…
Tattoo Acquisition
This study uses prospective longitudinal data to examine who acquired a first tattoo among a national sample of adolescents (n = 13,101). Results indicate that social bonds, prior deviant involvement, self-protection, and negative self-appraisal all were predictive of tattoo acquisition. Results also show nontrivial differences in the likelihood of tattoo acquisition for different subgroups of adolescents, ranging from 1 in 5 for adolescents who …
Adolescent Work Experiences and Family Formation Behavior
A long‐standing critique of adolescent employment is that it engenders a precocious maturity of more adult‐like roles and behaviors, including school disengagement, substance use, sexual activity, inadequate sleep and exercise, and work‐related stress. Though negative effects of high‐intensity work on adolescent adjustment have been found, little research has addressed whether such work experiences are associated with precocious family formation …
Bodily Signs of Academic Success
This study examined the relationship between bodily comportment (tattoos and grooming) and the likelihood of going to college among a national sample of 11,010 adolescents gathered as part of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results show that adolescents with tattoos and those judged as poorly groomed by Add Health interviewers were significantly less likely to go to college after graduating from high school. These effects we…
Future Selves and Self-Control Motivation
Self-control is well established as a predictor of crime and deviance. Little is known, however, about the motivation to exert self-control, or the degree to which individuals perceive self-control to be relevant or necessary. This is because the "self" in self-control theory is under-theorized. We argue that self-control over criminal and deviant behavior is influenced by the desired and feared conceptions people have of themselves in the future…
Collective Efficacy and Crime in Los Angeles Neighborhoods
We use data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Study (LAFANS) to examine the degree to which social ties and collective efficacy influence neighborhood levels of crime, net of neighborhood structural characteristics. Results indicate that residential instability and collective efficacy were each associated with lower log odds of robbery victimization, while social ties had a positive effect on robbery victimization. Further, collective …
A Position Article for Applying Spirituality to Suicide Prevention
Suicide is a major public health concern in the United States. Halting the rising trend of suicides requires that new options be identified and implemented so as to achieve the overarching goal of reducing the total number of suicide deaths and attempts in America. The aim of this article is to review constructs and outline a proposed operational framework for incorporating spiritual well-being into suicide prevention efforts. By presenting conce…
Psychology (44 obras) · Social Psychology (30 obras) · Political science (26 obras) · Law (19 obras) · Sociology (19 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (16 obras) · Criminology (16 obras) · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment (16 obras) · Medicine (15 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (15 obras)