A Missbach
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 42755 |
|---|---|
| NOME | A Missbach |
| PRENOMES | A |
| SOBRENOME | Missbach |
| ASSINATURA | MISSBACH A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Bielefeld University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1378-146X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 38 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 98 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 38 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2009 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Drifting as method
This article proposes drifting as a conceptual framework for understanding securitised mobility, particularly in maritime and aerial border crossings. Through examples of refugees and migrants in Southeast Asia and Europe, drifting is examined through three interrelated lenses: as an experiential state; as a technology of governance; and as a form of tactical resistance. It demonstrates this first by analysing how the prolonged temporal and spati…
Deadly sea passages
Pocketing the Prize
While the field of Southeast Asian studies in US, European, and Australian academies faces challenges and decline, the discipline has developed significantly in Southeast Asia and elsewhere in Asia. Given the apparent shift in academic investment, this examination of patterns in awarding prizes for work in the field over the past two decades seeks to understand where “prestige” in the field is located. Assuming that prizes are more than just reco…
Opportunities and pitfalls of refugee involvement in digital work in Indonesia
The current focus worldwide on strengthening the digital economy through an expansion of digital work activities constitutes an important opening in terms of creating opportunities for refugees to earn a livelihood in transit countries, such as Indonesia. However, the actual opportunities are also critical in demonstrating the unfulfilled promises and negative consequences of refugee involvement in the digital economy. In Indonesia, where most re…
Graves beyond the waves
Since 2017, more than one million Rohingya have been forcibly displaced from their country of birth, Myanmar. While most of the displaced Rohingya are currently living in refugee camps along the Myanmar–Bangladesh border, thousands have continued their journeys in search of safety across the Andaman Sea, especially to Malaysia, but also Thailand and Indonesia. During these journeys, many endured prolonged stays at sea. Smugglers who organised the…
Facilitated but unauthorised return
People smuggling is commonly associated with unidirectional movement, that is, procuring entrance from underpriviledged origin and transit countries to more desirable destinations that offer gainful employment and/or safety from human rights abuses. Yet, as we expose here, under certain circumstances migrants also make use of smugglers to return to their home countries. To examine this phenomenon more closely and explore why and under what condit…
Ruling out rescue at sea
This article examines a case in which three fishermen were sentenced for people smuggling after having rescued 99 refugees from their sinking ship near Indonesia. The analysis is grounded in the juxtaposition of three different sets of mobility rules - Indonesian migration law, customary law of the sea, and international law for search and rescue at sea. It argues that recent mobility restrictions at the Indonesian state level implemented to dete…
Refugee Journalism in Indonesia
By presenting the political engagements of a young refugee from Myanmar who was stuck in Indonesia for nine years, this article discusses the role, value, and importance of refugee writing. Refugees are prohibited from working in Indonesia. Any form of income-generation can result in serious pitfalls, including detention and other punishments. Writing—for international newspapers, blogs, and journals—presents a unique opportunity for earning mone…
Migration and Crime in a Divided World
Contemporary research shows that current migration policies and technologies produce criminality. It would be advantageous, then, to understand how migrants make sense of and respond to these criminalizing migration policies, technologies, and practices. This volume delves deeply into criminalization processes, focusing on how migrants perceive and react to the enactment and implementation of policy. The articles take a close look at the day-to-d…
Boredom, Hope, and Intimate Labor in Transit
Thousands of refugees transit through Indonesia, often for prolonged periods of time. With limited access to basic rights, including the right to work, some young or underage male refugees forge intimate relationships with older Indonesians. Public perception of these relationships is, for the most part, dichotomous: the refugees are seen either as moral transgressors or victims of sexual exploitation. This research explores how these intimate, a…
Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Regarding the Forced Displacement of Rohingya Refugees
This article analyses Indonesia’s foreign policy with respect to Myanmar and the forced displacement of more than 1 million Rohingya refugees from Rakhine State, Myanmar. Its main concern is to evaluate the effectiveness of Indonesia’s policies, including diplomatic efforts and humanitarian aid contributions, in regard to finding a solution to the ongoing disaster that affects both Rohingya remaining in Myanmar and those who have found temporary …
Facilitating Irregular Migration into Malaysia and from Indonesia
Discourses around illicit markets for irregular migration focus on criminality and global dimensions threatening border security and the sovereignty of the state. Organised crime has generally been understood to be committed by crime syndicates outside or parallel to the dominant order and formal economy. In Malaysia and Indonesia, however, the state (or parts thereof) is heavily implicated in such crime and essential for the success of unsanctio…
Making Do
This article presents an account of Faduma, a Somali woman currently living in Jakarta, Indonesia, in order to illustrate the creativity, resilience and adaptability required to make do as a refugee with little to no formal support in a rather hostile environment. For Faduma, Indonesia presents such an environment. As it offers no formal protection for asylum seekers and refugees and only tolerates their temporary presence without guaranteeing th…
Muslim Solidarity and the Lack of Effective Protection for Rohingya Refugees in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia has the weakest normative frameworks for refugee protection of any region in the world apart from the Middle East. Only two out of ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have signed the 1951 International Refugee Convention. Nevertheless, the 2012 ASEAN Human Rights Declaration explicitly mentions the right to seek and receive asylum 'in accordance with the laws of such State and applicable internat…
Substituting immigration detention centres with 'open prisons' in Indonesia
This paper sets out how Indonesia has shifted away from arbitrary and indefinite immigration detention towards so-called alternatives to detention. This shift has been fuelled by the Australian government’s cuts to funding the International Organization for Migration (IOM), which was responsible for the costs of immigration detention until 2018. Although the abolition of immigration detention in Indonesia has been praised as a success, it would b…
When Transit States Pursue Their Own Agenda
The growing literature on transit countries places much emphasis on the policy interventions of destination countries. In the case of Southeast Asia, Australian policies have disproportionate effects across borders into the region, including those of Indonesia and Malaysia. However, so-called transit countries also counterweigh foreign policy incursions with domestic politics, their own policies of externalizing their borders, and negotiations wi…
People smuggling by a different name
The decline in the smuggling of people from Indonesia to Australia since late 2013 is primarily attributable to unilateral deterrence policies under Australia's Operation Sovereign Borders. When seeking to prevent asylum seekers from coming to Australia to enjoy the right to asylum there, the Australian government has tested a number of deterrent mechanisms that sometimes border on illegality and even state crime. In May 2015, for example, Austra…
Enforcing labour rights of irregular migrants in Indonesia
The multi-directional nature of labour migration flows has resulted in an increasing number of countries having become both senders and receivers of regular and irregular migrants. However, some countries continue to see themselves primarily as senders and so ignore their role as a receiving country, which can have negative implications for the rights of migrants in their territory. Using the example of Indonesia, which is State Party to the 1990…
Departing from Java
Diasporas and transnational communities have attracted much academic attention in the past three decades, and the resulting stream of literature is not diminishing. The Indonesian diaspora is by no
Asylum Seekers' and Refugees' Decision-Making in Transit in Indonesia
Asylum seekers and refugees currently living in Indonesia tend to see Indonesia as a transit rather than a destination country, despite the fact that their stays are increasing in length. Based on contact with Muhamad (not his real name), a young refugee from Iran currently residing in Indonesia whose adjustment and development I observed over four years, I illustrate the changing priorities in his decision-making, the constant flux of circumstan…
Luxury limbo
In this article, we examine temporal techniques of border control including prolonged periods of waiting, stasis and indeterminacy that increasingly characterise the experience of refugees, asylum seekers and other irregular migrants. We argue that these temporal techniques are enhanced and legitimised by parallel efforts to improve accommodation for irregular migrants - a process we call the humanitarianisation of waiting. We focus on the Indone…
Luxury limbo
In this article, we examine temporal techniques of border control including prolonged periods of waiting, stasis and indeterminacy that increasingly characterise the experience of refugees, asylum seekers and other irregular migrants. We argue that these temporal techniques are enhanced and legitimised by parallel efforts to improve accommodation for irregular migrants -a process we call the humanitarianisation of waiting. We focus on the Indones…
Hospitality as a Horizon of Aspiration (or, What the International Refugee Regime Can Learn from Acehnese Fishermen)
In May 2015, Acehnese fishermen rescued over 1,800 displaced Rohingya who were stranded in the Andaman Sea. They did so in the face of a regional governmental stand-off that threatened to leave the Rohingya to drown. What compelled the fishermen and the villages from which they came to respond in this way? How might this example be instructive for an international refugee regime that failed in this case, as in others, to offer even the most basic…
Indonesia
Understanding Diaspora Development
Understanding diaspora development: lessons from Australia and the Pacific." Journal of Intercultural Studies, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2
Hospitality as a Horizon of Aspiration (or, What the International Refugee Regime Can Learn from Acehnese Fishermen)
In May 2015, Acehnese fishermen rescued over 1,800 displaced Rohingya who were stranded in the Andaman Sea. They did so in the face of a regional governmental stand-off that threatened to leave the Rohingya to drown. What compelled the fishermen and the villages from which they came to respond in this way? How might this example be instructive for an international refugee regime that failed in this case, as in others, to offer even the most basic…
The Rationalities of Migration Management
This article examines an Australian-funded counter-smuggling campaign delivered in Indonesia from 2009 to 2014 as an example of the global regulatory regime known as Migration Management. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Indonesia among the fishing communities targeted by the campaign, we problematize the campaign’s purported success. The appearance of success, we argue, is linked to four interrelated rationalities of governance—security, humani…
Making a "Career" in People-Smuggling in Indonesia
Two case studies of convicted Afghan people smugglers detail the specific tasks and responsibilities of people smugglers in Indonesia. Academic research has so far overlooked the fluctuant nature of smuggling networks, the distribution of roles and the varying involvement of their members and auxiliaries. Attention to these dimensions of people-smuggling contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the operation of these networks in the Indones…
Enforcing labour rights of irregular migrants in Indonesia
The multi-directional nature of labour migration flows has resulted in an increasing number of countries having become both senders and receivers of regular and irregular migrants. However, some countries continue to see themselves primarily as senders and so ignore their role as a receiving country, which can have negative implications for the rights of migrants in their territory. Using the example of Indonesia, which is State Party to the 1990…
Muslim Solidarity and the Lack of Effective Protection for Rohingya Refugees in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia has the weakest normative frameworks for refugee protection of any region in the world apart from the Middle East. Only two out of ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have signed the 1951 International Refugee Convention. Nevertheless, the 2012 ASEAN Human Rights Declaration explicitly mentions the right to seek and receive asylum 'in accordance with the laws of such State and applicable internat…
Accommodating Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Indonesia
Considered the last ‘stepping stone’ before Australia, Indonesia plays an important role in immobilising secondary movements of asylum seekers and refugees in Southeast Asia. While migration scholarship has dedicated substantial attention to immigration detention and the deplorable living conditions inside immigration detention centres (IDCs), this article explores “alternatives to detention” (ATD) in two Indonesian localities: the city of Makass…
Trafficking within migrant smuggling operations
This article looks at a case of a juvenile transporter, who ferried asylum seekers from Indonesia to Australia on several occasions, but was arrested and sentenced for his involvement on the last attempt. The reasons for exploring this case in detail are twofold. First, the use of Indonesian child labor in migrant smuggling operations is a prevalent practice. Evidence of this is particularly obvious in the large number of Indonesian children impr…
Making Do
This article presents an account of Faduma, a Somali woman currently living in Jakarta, Indonesia, in order to illustrate the creativity, resilience and adaptability required to make do as a refugee with little to no formal support in a rather hostile environment. For Faduma, Indonesia presents such an environment. As it offers no formal protection for asylum seekers and refugees and only tolerates their temporary presence without guaranteeing th…
People smuggling by a different name
The decline in the smuggling of people from Indonesia to Australia since late 2013 is primarily attributable to unilateral deterrence policies under Australia's Operation Sovereign Borders. When seeking to prevent asylum seekers from coming to Australia to enjoy the right to asylum there, the Australian government has tested a number of deterrent mechanisms that sometimes border on illegality and even state crime. In May 2015, for example, Austra…
Asylum Seekers' and Refugees' Decision-Making in Transit in Indonesia
Asylum seekers and refugees currently living in Indonesia tend to see Indonesia as a transit rather than a destination country, despite the fact that their stays are increasing in length. Based on contact with Muhamad (not his real name), a young refugee from Iran currently residing in Indonesia whose adjustment and development I observed over four years, I illustrate the changing priorities in his decision-making, the constant flux of circumstan…
Perilous Waters
Graves beyond the waves
Since 2017, more than one million Rohingya have been forcibly displaced from their country of birth, Myanmar. While most of the displaced Rohingya are currently living in refugee camps along the Myanmar–Bangladesh border, thousands have continued their journeys in search of safety across the Andaman Sea, especially to Malaysia, but also Thailand and Indonesia. During these journeys, many endured prolonged stays at sea. Smugglers who organised the…
Refugee Journalism in Indonesia
By presenting the political engagements of a young refugee from Myanmar who was stuck in Indonesia for nine years, this article discusses the role, value, and importance of refugee writing. Refugees are prohibited from working in Indonesia. Any form of income-generation can result in serious pitfalls, including detention and other punishments. Writing—for international newspapers, blogs, and journals—presents a unique opportunity for earning mone…
The Scum of the Earth”? Foreign People Smugglers and Their Local Counterparts in Indonesia
Since 2008, the number of asylum seekers and refugees trying to reach Australia from Indonesia by boat has increased. With many of them hailing from conflict-ridden countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq and Sri Lanka, most entered Indonesia with short-term tourist visas or fraudulent papers or no documents at all. It is widely known that a significant number of these ‘irregular’ migrants pay various types of brokers (often labelled, accurately or o…
The Acehnese diaspora after the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding
Missbach A. The Acehnese diaspora after the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding: return challenges and diasporic post-conflict transformations. Asian Ethnicity . 2011;12(2):179-201
The Acehnese Diaspora
In the literature on diasporas and their role in homelands conflicts, most writers see diasporans as conflict supporters, providing funds, logistics and ideological legitimisation to fighters in the homelands while living relatively safely in their host countries. More recently, academics and practitioners have pointed out that diasporans can also act as lobbyists for peace and mediators in peace negotiations. Although it is now widely recognised…
Boredom, Hope, and Intimate Labor in Transit
Thousands of refugees transit through Indonesia, often for prolonged periods of time. With limited access to basic rights, including the right to work, some young or underage male refugees forge intimate relationships with older Indonesians. Public perception of these relationships is, for the most part, dichotomous: the refugees are seen either as moral transgressors or victims of sexual exploitation. This research explores how these intimate, a…
Substituting immigration detention centres with 'open prisons' in Indonesia
This paper sets out how Indonesia has shifted away from arbitrary and indefinite immigration detention towards so-called alternatives to detention. This shift has been fuelled by the Australian government’s cuts to funding the International Organization for Migration (IOM), which was responsible for the costs of immigration detention until 2018. Although the abolition of immigration detention in Indonesia has been praised as a success, it would b…
Luxury limbo
In this article, we examine temporal techniques of border control including prolonged periods of waiting, stasis and indeterminacy that increasingly characterise the experience of refugees, asylum seekers and other irregular migrants. We argue that these temporal techniques are enhanced and legitimised by parallel efforts to improve accommodation for irregular migrants -a process we call the humanitarianisation of waiting. We focus on the Indones…
The Waxing and Waning of the Acehnese Diaspora's Long-distance Politics
This paper sheds light on the long-distance politics of a small and rather young diaspora-the Acehnese overseas-which proved to be very influential on homeland politics despite its relatively small size, especially with regard to the separatist conflict in Aceh, Indonesia. Special attention is therefore given to the close connections between the politicized migrant population overseas and their involvement back home. Born out of the suffering of …
The Acehnese Diaspora
In the literature on diasporas and their role in homelands conflicts, most writers see diasporans as conflict supporters, providing funds, logistics and ideological legitimisation to fighters in the homelands while living relatively safely in their host countries. More recently, academics and practitioners have pointed out that diasporans can also act as lobbyists for peace and mediators in peace negotiations. Although it is now widely recognised…
The Scum of the Earth”? Foreign People Smugglers and Their Local Counterparts in Indonesia
Since 2008, the number of asylum seekers and refugees trying to reach Australia from Indonesia by boat has increased. With many of them hailing from conflict-ridden countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq and Sri Lanka, most entered Indonesia with short-term tourist visas or fraudulent papers or no documents at all. It is widely known that a significant number of these ‘irregular’ migrants pay various types of brokers (often labelled, accurately or o…
The Acehnese diaspora after the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding
Missbach A. The Acehnese diaspora after the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding: return challenges and diasporic post-conflict transformations. Asian Ethnicity . 2011;12(2):179-201
The Waxing and Waning of the Acehnese Diaspora's Long-distance Politics
This paper sheds light on the long-distance politics of a small and rather young diaspora-the Acehnese overseas-which proved to be very influential on homeland politics despite its relatively small size, especially with regard to the separatist conflict in Aceh, Indonesia. Special attention is therefore given to the close connections between the politicized migrant population overseas and their involvement back home. Born out of the suffering of …
Doors and fences
Although the partial outsourcing of state border control to non‐state actors is not a new phenomenon, Indonesia is an interesting case study. Border control in an archipelago consisting of more than 17 000 islands is particularly challenging for state authorities. In addition to contending with the exceptional geography, I ndonesia's state authorities are also challenged by the political constellation with A ustralia in regard to irregular cross‐…
Troubled Transit
Even though some Indonesian policies and practices are less than favourable for asylum seekers, and even reprehensible from a human rights perspective, more attention must be paid to ongoing developments that impact on transiting asylum seekers in Indonesia if any of the hardships they suffer there are to be alleviated
Making a "Career" in People-Smuggling in Indonesia
Two case studies of convicted Afghan people smugglers detail the specific tasks and responsibilities of people smugglers in Indonesia. Academic research has so far overlooked the fluctuant nature of smuggling networks, the distribution of roles and the varying involvement of their members and auxiliaries. Attention to these dimensions of people-smuggling contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the operation of these networks in the Indones…
Across the Seas
Book Review: Across the Seas: Australia’s Response to Refugees—A HistoryBy Klaus Neumann Carlton, AUS: Black, 2015, 352 pp
Perilous Waters
The Rationalities of Migration Management
This article examines an Australian-funded counter-smuggling campaign delivered in Indonesia from 2009 to 2014 as an example of the global regulatory regime known as Migration Management. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Indonesia among the fishing communities targeted by the campaign, we problematize the campaign’s purported success. The appearance of success, we argue, is linked to four interrelated rationalities of governance—security, humani…
Introduction
Tanu D, Missbach A, Lumenta D. Introduction: Forced Migration and Protracted Transit in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. Antropologi Indonesia . 2017;38(1):1-5
Accommodating Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Indonesia
Considered the last ‘stepping stone’ before Australia, Indonesia plays an important role in immobilising secondary movements of asylum seekers and refugees in Southeast Asia. While migration scholarship has dedicated substantial attention to immigration detention and the deplorable living conditions inside immigration detention centres (IDCs), this article explores “alternatives to detention” (ATD) in two Indonesian localities: the city of Makass…
Trafficking within migrant smuggling operations
This article looks at a case of a juvenile transporter, who ferried asylum seekers from Indonesia to Australia on several occasions, but was arrested and sentenced for his involvement on the last attempt. The reasons for exploring this case in detail are twofold. First, the use of Indonesian child labor in migrant smuggling operations is a prevalent practice. Evidence of this is particularly obvious in the large number of Indonesian children impr…
Luxury limbo
In this article, we examine temporal techniques of border control including prolonged periods of waiting, stasis and indeterminacy that increasingly characterise the experience of refugees, asylum seekers and other irregular migrants. We argue that these temporal techniques are enhanced and legitimised by parallel efforts to improve accommodation for irregular migrants - a process we call the humanitarianisation of waiting. We focus on the Indone…
Luxury limbo
In this article, we examine temporal techniques of border control including prolonged periods of waiting, stasis and indeterminacy that increasingly characterise the experience of refugees, asylum seekers and other irregular migrants. We argue that these temporal techniques are enhanced and legitimised by parallel efforts to improve accommodation for irregular migrants -a process we call the humanitarianisation of waiting. We focus on the Indones…
Hospitality as a Horizon of Aspiration (or, What the International Refugee Regime Can Learn from Acehnese Fishermen)
In May 2015, Acehnese fishermen rescued over 1,800 displaced Rohingya who were stranded in the Andaman Sea. They did so in the face of a regional governmental stand-off that threatened to leave the Rohingya to drown. What compelled the fishermen and the villages from which they came to respond in this way? How might this example be instructive for an international refugee regime that failed in this case, as in others, to offer even the most basic…
Enforcing labour rights of irregular migrants in Indonesia
The multi-directional nature of labour migration flows has resulted in an increasing number of countries having become both senders and receivers of regular and irregular migrants. However, some countries continue to see themselves primarily as senders and so ignore their role as a receiving country, which can have negative implications for the rights of migrants in their territory. Using the example of Indonesia, which is State Party to the 1990…
Departing from Java
Diasporas and transnational communities have attracted much academic attention in the past three decades, and the resulting stream of literature is not diminishing. The Indonesian diaspora is by no
Asylum Seekers' and Refugees' Decision-Making in Transit in Indonesia
Asylum seekers and refugees currently living in Indonesia tend to see Indonesia as a transit rather than a destination country, despite the fact that their stays are increasing in length. Based on contact with Muhamad (not his real name), a young refugee from Iran currently residing in Indonesia whose adjustment and development I observed over four years, I illustrate the changing priorities in his decision-making, the constant flux of circumstan…
When Transit States Pursue Their Own Agenda
The growing literature on transit countries places much emphasis on the policy interventions of destination countries. In the case of Southeast Asia, Australian policies have disproportionate effects across borders into the region, including those of Indonesia and Malaysia. However, so-called transit countries also counterweigh foreign policy incursions with domestic politics, their own policies of externalizing their borders, and negotiations wi…
People smuggling by a different name
The decline in the smuggling of people from Indonesia to Australia since late 2013 is primarily attributable to unilateral deterrence policies under Australia's Operation Sovereign Borders. When seeking to prevent asylum seekers from coming to Australia to enjoy the right to asylum there, the Australian government has tested a number of deterrent mechanisms that sometimes border on illegality and even state crime. In May 2015, for example, Austra…
Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Regarding the Forced Displacement of Rohingya Refugees
This article analyses Indonesia’s foreign policy with respect to Myanmar and the forced displacement of more than 1 million Rohingya refugees from Rakhine State, Myanmar. Its main concern is to evaluate the effectiveness of Indonesia’s policies, including diplomatic efforts and humanitarian aid contributions, in regard to finding a solution to the ongoing disaster that affects both Rohingya remaining in Myanmar and those who have found temporary …
Facilitating Irregular Migration into Malaysia and from Indonesia
Discourses around illicit markets for irregular migration focus on criminality and global dimensions threatening border security and the sovereignty of the state. Organised crime has generally been understood to be committed by crime syndicates outside or parallel to the dominant order and formal economy. In Malaysia and Indonesia, however, the state (or parts thereof) is heavily implicated in such crime and essential for the success of unsanctio…
Making Do
This article presents an account of Faduma, a Somali woman currently living in Jakarta, Indonesia, in order to illustrate the creativity, resilience and adaptability required to make do as a refugee with little to no formal support in a rather hostile environment. For Faduma, Indonesia presents such an environment. As it offers no formal protection for asylum seekers and refugees and only tolerates their temporary presence without guaranteeing th…
Muslim Solidarity and the Lack of Effective Protection for Rohingya Refugees in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia has the weakest normative frameworks for refugee protection of any region in the world apart from the Middle East. Only two out of ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have signed the 1951 International Refugee Convention. Nevertheless, the 2012 ASEAN Human Rights Declaration explicitly mentions the right to seek and receive asylum 'in accordance with the laws of such State and applicable internat…
Political science (31 obras) · Sociology (25 obras) · Refugee (24 obras) · Migration, Refugees, and Integration (23 obras) · Law (22 obras) · Migration and Labor Dynamics (17 obras) · Politics (16 obras) · Law (13 obras) · Economics (12 obras) · Asian Studies and History (10 obras)