F Schram
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 44594 |
|---|---|
| NOME | F Schram |
| PRENOMES | F |
| SOBRENOME | Schram |
| ASSINATURA | SCHRAM F |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Bryn Mawr College |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3158-9941 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 89 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1601 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 89 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1977 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 16 |
The Power of the Badge
Pride or Prejudice? Clarifying the Role of White Racial Identity in Recent Presidential Elections
After the 2016 presidential election, a dominant media narrative emerged which claimed that Donald Trump's 2016 electoral victory was due to an upsurge in support by working class White voters, largely due to economic anxiety experienced since the 2008 recession. But as survey data from the 2016 election became available, a different story began to emerge. The consensus among social scientists became that racial attitudes were the most important …
The Biden Racial Justice Policy Agenda
Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election. Consistent with his personal tendency to lie about almost everything, Trump has continued to claim that he actually won, even after his "Stop the Steal" campaign was rejected multiple times in court and resulted in his second impeachment after he incited an insurrectionist mob to storm the Capitol on January 6th. Trump nonetheless maintains a hammerlock on the Republican Party whi…
Response to David A. M. Peterson and Mark D. Ramirez’s Review of Hard White
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Racial Liberalism Resurgent
In this paper, we consider the changing nature of today's protest–election connection by looking back to the Blue Wave of the 2018 midterm elections that led to Republicans losing control of the House of Representatives. We ask whether White voters' participation in the Blue Wave of the 2018 elections is related to the multi-racial participation in the #BlackLivesMatter protests of 2020. Could it be that White participation in both is symptomatic…
Hard White
This book analyzes data from a variety of sources to understand the mainstreaming of racism today, putting this research in a historical context. With issues of globalization, immigration, and demographic diversification achieving greater public salience, racism is now more likely to manifest itself in the form of a generalized ethnocentrism that expresses “outgroup hostility” toward a diverse set of groups, including Latinos and Muslims as well …
Race and the Making of American Political Science
Entrepreneurs of Themselves
Welfare policy discourse plays an important role in shaping how marginalised groups are identified and how poverty is addressed. Research on welfare policy discourse has mostly adopted a top-down perspective, examining how marginalised groups are constituted through interrelated discourses that are produced and enacted by powerful actors. However, little attention has been given to understanding how welfare policy discourse is used and enacted by…
The Cognitive and Emotional Sources of Trump Support
This article provides empirical evidence for the hypothesis that Donald Trump distinctively attracted unprecedented levels of support from “low-information voters:’ The findings suggest that his campaign exploited a void of facts and reasoning among these voters that made them more vulnerable to relying on emotions about Mexican immigrants, Muslim refugees, and African-American citizens, as well as their disdain for the first African-American Pre…
Change Research
Political Research Beyond Political Science
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Paternalism
Paternalism is the belief in the idea that the father knows best. John Locke famously suggested that while paternalism was appropriate for the family it was not best for the state. Paternalism has continued to exist as a legitimate philosophy in projects where the Global North assists the lesser developed South. There remains a strong element of paternalism in domestic assistance programs designed to uplift the poor. Since the 1980s, the United S…
The Return of Ordinary Capitalism
This volume plumbs the depths of neoliberalism as the prevailing political‐economic logic of the current era of increasing inequality. Chapters address how it contributes to the growing economic insecurity of ordinary people in recent decades, the concomitant hollowing out of the welfare state, the ongoing marketization of social welfare programs, the increasing reliance on the private sector for developing, implementing, and even financing socia…
A New Paradox
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Fostering autonomy
The dimensions of protest politics
This is a reply to:Melina, Lois Ruskai. 2014. “Being the change: protest as performative discourse in the Occupy Portland.” Global Discourse. 4 (2–3): 308–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23269995.2014.903719
From Work Support to Work Motivator
The 1996 legislative reform of welfare shifted provision away from cash assistance and toward a litany of work-support services, central among which are child care subsidies (Allard 2009). As part of a larger study of welfare reform in Florida, we conducted semistructured field interviews with more than 50 welfare transition caseworkers in four purposively selected regions. Consistent with Lipsky's emphasis on worker decisions as concrete manifes…
The Great Disconnect
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Future of Higher Education and American Democracy
Entitled to Nothing
Do Welfare Sanctions Help or Hurt the Poor? Estimating the Causal Effect of Sanctioning on Client Earnings
This article examines the effect of financial sanctions for noncompliance on the earnings of TANF clients. Current research on TANF sanctioning is descriptive, and few studies estimate the effect of sanctions on client outcomes. To estimate the causal effect of sanctioning, we utilize longitudinal data from Florida and a difference-in-difference propensity-score matching estimator. We compare the growth in earnings of sanctioned clients to a comp…
Welfare reform
This timely collection presents research contributing to the ongoing debate over reform in the 1990s, especially since the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Some chapters argue that the law will lead states to restrict benefits out of fear of becoming welfare magnets. Other chapters assert that no such shift is taking place. Still others point to evidence that states are experimenting and serving as laborato…
Welfare Discipline
For the past decade political scientist Sanford Schram has led the academic effort to understand the ways Americans and their political officials talk about welfare. In this important new work, Schram argues that it is time to take stock of the new forms of welfare and to develop new methods to better understand them. While still asserting the importance of understanding discourse, he is now pushing for a more contextual approach to understanding…
Dissenting social work
Dissenting social work: critical theory, resistance and pandemic." Journal of Political Power, 15(2), pp. 380–381
The Travails of Trumpification
A Public Transformed? Welfare Reform as Policy Feedback
This article analyzes the strategic use of public policy as a tool for reshaping public opinion. In the 1990s, "progressive revisionists" argued that, by reforming welfare, liberals could free the Democratic Party of a significant electoral liability, reduce the race-coding of poverty politics, and produce a public more willing to invest in anti-poverty efforts. Connecting this argument to recent scholarship on policy feedback, we pursue a quanti…
Setting the Terms of Relief
The landmark welfare legislation of 1996 offers students of politics a unique opportunity to pinpoint the determinants of state-level policy choices-a case in which the fifty states responded virtually simultaneously to a single policy mandate. Taking advantage of this opportunity, we investigate the factors that led states to make restrictive policy choices after 1996 and use this analysis to evaluate general -theories of welfare politics. Speci…
The Organization of Discipline
Drawing on participant observation, in-depth interviews, and statistical analysis of administrative data, this article explores the operation of performance management in the Florida Welfare Transition program and its effects on decisions to sanction welfare clients. Unlike most econometric research on welfare sanctions, we approach sanctioning as an organized practice that reflects, not just client characteristics and behaviors, but also organiz…
Deciding to Discipline
Welfare sanctions are financial penalties applied to individuals who fail to comply with welfare program rules. Their widespread use reflects a turn toward disciplinary approaches to poverty management. In this article, we investigate how implicit racial biases and discrediting social markers interact to shape officials' decisions to impose sanctions. We present experimental evidence based on hypothetical vignettes that case managers are more lik…
The Color of Devolution
In this article, we seek to advance scholarship on the origins and consequences of policy devolution by analyzing state decisions to give local authorities control over welfare policy. The first part of our analysis explores the political forces that systematically influence state decisions to cede policy control to lower‐level jurisdictions. In this context, we propose a general Racial Classification Model of how race influences social policy ch…
The Politics of Disgust
Devolution, Discretion, and the Effect of Local Political Values on Tanf Sanctioning
One of welfare reform’s most significant consequences is the devolution of policy‐making authority from the federal government and states to local governments and frontline workers. What is perhaps less often appreciated is that devolution of authority to state governments has been accompanied by a significant decentralization of policy‐making authority within states. As a result, prior research has not given sufficient attention to local politic…
Success Stories
Welfare reform is now widely hailed as a success. In this article, the authors analyze this public verdict as a political construction. During the 1980s and 1990s, welfare discourse shifted to emphasize concerns over program dependency. This shift not only promoted policy retrenchment, it also defined the terms on which retrenchment would be judged. Specifically, it established caseload levels and studies of program "leavers" as a common frame of…
Race and the Local Politics of Punishment in the New World of Welfare
To illuminate how race affects the usage of punitive tools in policy implementation settings, we analyze sanctions imposed for noncompliant client behavior under welfare reform. Drawing on a model of racial classification and policy choice, we test four hypotheses regarding client race, local context, and sanctioning. Based on longitudinal and cross-sectional multilevel analyses of individual-level administrative data, we find that race plays a s…
In the Clinic
Research Article| March 01 2000 In the Clinic: THE MEDICALIZATION OF WELFARE Sanford F. Schram Sanford F. Schram Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Social Text (2000) 18 (1 (62)): 81–107. https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-18-1_62-81 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Sanford F. Schram; In the Clinic: THE MEDICALIZATION OF WELFARE. Social Text 1 March 2000; 18 (1 (62)): 81–107. doi: http…
The third level of US welfare reform
US welfare reform involves more than dramatic caseload reductions and a shift from cash assistance to services. Its operations today reflect significant changes in poverty governance as a disciplinary regime. Welfare policy has been transformed by the rise of a ‘new paternalism’ that is deeply entwined with the globally ascendant market-centered philosophy of ‘neoliberalism.’ In this paper, we explain how ‘governance’ under this new system enacts…
Neo-liberal poverty governance
This article provides empirical evidence on the operation and effects of the neo-liberal system of poverty governance emerging in the United States. Relying on data collected on Florida, a state recognized for innovation in implementing welfare reform, we present findings that demonstrate systematic inequities in the way sanctions are applied to clients who fail to comply with participation requirements in Florida's welfare-to-work programme. Our…
The end of social work
Over the last few decades, the human services have been transformed, not just in the United States, but also in other countries where pressure grows to emulate the United States in a globalizing world. Neoliberal organizational reforms, like devolution, privatization and performance management, have been joined with paternalist policy tools, like sanctions, or financial penalties for noncompliant clients, to create a flexible but disciplinary app…
Contextualizing Racial Disparities in American Welfare Reform
As a result of the 1996 reforms, the number of welfare recipients has declined precipitously, and the reform effort has been heralded a "success." However, a growing body of research indicates racial disparities in client treatment and outcomes under welfare reform. These findings have inaugurated a debate about interpreting racial disparities under welfare reform and determining what corrective action, if any, is necessary. Some analysts contend…
Postmodern policy analysis
The Cognitive and Emotional Sources of Trump Support
This article provides empirical evidence for the hypothesis that Donald Trump distinctively attracted unprecedented levels of support from “low-information voters:’ The findings suggest that his campaign exploited a void of facts and reasoning among these voters that made them more vulnerable to relying on emotions about Mexican immigrants, Muslim refugees, and African-American citizens, as well as their disdain for the first African-American Pre…
Pride or Prejudice? Clarifying the Role of White Racial Identity in Recent Presidential Elections
After the 2016 presidential election, a dominant media narrative emerged which claimed that Donald Trump's 2016 electoral victory was due to an upsurge in support by working class White voters, largely due to economic anxiety experienced since the 2008 recession. But as survey data from the 2016 election became available, a different story began to emerge. The consensus among social scientists became that racial attitudes were the most important …
Making Something Out of Nothing
The 1996 welfare-reform law has been characterized as a significant act of devolution. For some, this devolution will free states to become "laboratories of democracy" that develop better welfare policies; for others, it will provoke a debilitating "race to the bottom" where states will reduce benefits out of fear of becoming "welfare magnets" that attract recipients from other states. This article suggests that neither "laboratories of democracy…
Civil Disorder and the Welfare Explosion
Do Welfare Sanctions Help or Hurt the Poor? Estimating the Causal Effect of Sanctioning on Client Earnings
This article examines the effect of financial sanctions for noncompliance on the earnings of TANF clients. Current research on TANF sanctioning is descriptive, and few studies estimate the effect of sanctions on client outcomes. To estimate the causal effect of sanctioning, we utilize longitudinal data from Florida and a difference-in-difference propensity-score matching estimator. We compare the growth in earnings of sanctioned clients to a comp…
Political Political Science
For over fifty years, successive waves of critique have underscored that the apolitical character of much of political science research betrays the founding mission of the discipline to have science serve democracy. The Caucus for a New Political Science was originally based on such a critique, and the perestroika movement in the discipline included a call for more problem-driven as opposed to theory- or method-driven work that would better conne…
Beyond Paradigm
David Laitin uses Bent Flyvbjerg's Making Social Science Matter as a surrogate manifesto on behalf of the Perestroika movement's campaign for methodological pluralism in political science. After an overview of Perestroika, I note my own vision for the movement, outline the most significant features of Flyvbjerg's call for a revived social science, and provide a critique of Laitin's attempt to assimilate Flyvbjerg's analysis to his own vision for …
Return to Politics
The Real Value of Welfare
The State of American Federalism, 1995-1996
Journal Article The State of American Federalism, 1995–1996 Get access Carol S. Weissert, Carol S. Weissert Michigan State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sanford F. Schram Sanford F. Schram University of Hawai'iManoa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Publius: The Journal of Federalism, Volume 26, Issue 3, Summer 1996, Pages 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1093/ox…
Title XX and the elderly
Sanford F. Schram, MA, is Director of Research and Richard Hurley, MA, is Director of Policy Analysis, Aging Research Coordination Project, State University of New York at Albany. The authors wish to thank Daniel F. Herring, Hilda LaSalle, Joseph F. Zimmerman, Thomas Don ovan, and Sol Zalcgendler for their assistance in the preparation of this article. title xx was added to the Social Se1970 census of the United States.2) curity Act of 1934 on Ja…
Elderly Policy Particularism and the New Social Services
Title XX of the Social Security Act represents an important source of social service assistance for the elderly. As a major change in our nation's social services policy, however, Title XX has not necessarily led to greater access for the elderly to social services. The block-grant nature of the program implies a devolution of policymaking power to states, and many states have used these new powers to recategorize their Title XX grants, most ofte…
Politics, Professionalism, and the Changing Federalism
The Nixon Administration's push for a "New Federalism" led to social programs which devolved greater policymaking responsibility to state and local elected officials. In general this was viewed skeptically by social service professionals who often criticized subnational levels of government for not being as responsive as the national government to the needs of the poor. Liberal critics of the New Federalism feared that such programs would increas…
The Welfare Explosion
Kirsten A. Grønbjerg's "mass society" thesis is the most significant alternative to Piven and Cloward's "social control" explanation of the welfare explosion. Grønbjerg's analysis, however, suffers from problems of conceptualization, measurement, and evidence. In this article these two competing perspectives are reviewed and empirical measures developed to assess the validity of one over the other. Contrary to Grønbjerg's results, this analysis o…
Civil Disorder and the Welfare Explosion
Child Poverty and Welfare Benefits
Several critics of the American welfare system have claimed that it exacerbates the problem of poverty by making living in poverty preferable to acting in ways that would promote upward mobility. One version of this argument, by Gallaway and Vedder, proposes that in the 1970s this resulted in states with high welfare benefit exhibiting increases in child poverty. State data for 1970, 1980, and 1970-1980 are analyzed by means of multiple regressio…
It's No Laffer'Matter
The claim is analyzed that there is a Laffer-type relationship between welfare spending and poverty. Conservative analysts in recent years have asserted that over the last several decades poverty declined with increased welfare spending up to a point, beyond which increases in spending produced increases in poverty. Measures of pre-transfer and pre-welfare poverty are used in order to account for poverty due to welfare dependency. Employing data …
The post‐modern presidency and the grammar of electronic electioneering
Candidate‐centered U.S. political campaigns increasingly reflect the broader cultural preoccupation with unraveling the tensions between appearance and reality. In a television age, people are suspicious of image making, and campaign discourse necessarily becomes mired in a futile interrogation of candidates. This preoccupation ensures that all candidates will fail to measure up to the standard of the mythical “real”; leader. Under these conditio…
Welfare Spending and Poverty
The "New Consensus" on welfare expresses the idea that the major problem in social welfare is dependency, not poverty Much of the evidence for this perspective has come from trend line data indicating that over time poverty did not evaporate in the face of increases in social welfare spending Using various measures of the "dependent" poor, the empirical analysis presented suggests that reducing welfare expenditures relative to need does not produ…
Agency under Stress
America's Misunderstood Welfare State
Post-Positivistic Policy Analysis & the Family Support Act of 1988
The Family Support Act of 1988 has been heralded by some policy makers as a major advance in public assistance. Whatever its merits, the legislation also represents yet another example of the contradictory symbolism of welfare undercutting substantive benefits. This article, using post-positivistic analysis, explores the contradictory character of recent revisions in welfare policy. The author concludes that these changes fulfill symbolic purpose…
Postmodern policy analysis
Welfare Magnets” and Benefit Decline
In response to concern about “welfare migration,” some states have been freezing benefit levels and trying to institute lower benefits for newly arrived out-of-state applicants. There is also evidence that rising welfare rolls lead states not to raise benefits. Yet, interstate variation in welfare benefits has narrowed over the last two decades. There is also evidence that while interstate competition, or comparison of benefit levels, discourages…
Redoubling Denial
In one of his many jeremiads against the welfare state, Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan claimed that just as unemployment was the defining issue of industrialism, dependency is becoming the defining issue of society.' For Moynihan, of course, this problem, dependency, signifies a condition of pathology. His remedy: postindustrial social a formula for reducing welfare dependency by compelling recipients to accept whatever work a rapidly changing e…
Inverting Political Economy
Against policy analysis
Words of Welfare
Sociology
The State of American Federalism, 1995-1996
Journal Article The State of American Federalism, 1995–1996 Get access Carol S. Weissert, Carol S. Weissert Michigan State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sanford F. Schram Sanford F. Schram University of Hawai'iManoa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Publius: The Journal of Federalism, Volume 26, Issue 3, Summer 1996, Pages 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1093/ox…
States, Social Knowledge, and the Origins of Modern Social Policies. Dietrich Rueschemeyer , Theda Skocpol
The State of American Federalism, 1996-1997
Federalism enjoyed political and popular salience during the period 1996–1997 as the so-called "Devolution Revolution" began to be implemented and analyzed in the United States. While there were a few examples of important Revolutionary efforts, the federal government continued to hold much of the power and significance it has achieved over the past sixty years. Even in the area of welfare policy, where in 1996 there were historic reforms enacted…
International Relations and Politics
The State of American Federalism, 1997 - 1998
Although it was a relatively quiet year for the courts and congressional action, 1997–1998 saw several developments that may significantly define federalism in the coming years. The 1998 federal budget is projected to show a surplus, ending decades of deficit financingin Washington, D.C., but also raising questions about the budget's fiscal impact on federalism and intergovernmental relations. Devolution took a back seat in Washington, D.C., as c…
Making Something Out of Nothing
The 1996 welfare-reform law has been characterized as a significant act of devolution. For some, this devolution will free states to become "laboratories of democracy" that develop better welfare policies; for others, it will provoke a debilitating "race to the bottom" where states will reduce benefits out of fear of becoming "welfare magnets" that attract recipients from other states. This article suggests that neither "laboratories of democracy…
Political science (76 obras) · Law (65 obras) · Sociology (64 obras) · Law (51 obras) · Politics (47 obras) · Welfare (40 obras) · Economics (35 obras) · Social Policy and Reform Studies (30 obras) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (21 obras) · Public Administration (20 obras)