Todd A Eisenstadt
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 454886 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Todd A Eisenstadt |
| PRENOMES | Todd A |
| SOBRENOME | Eisenstadt |
| ASSINATURA | EISENSTADT T A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | American University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3431-0819 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 26 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 189 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1999 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Trust in Government” in Hot Water
While climate adaptation has been widely viewed as a local problem, more national government strategies are also needed to achieve more favorable policies. We seek to direct attention to the impacts of national government adaptation policies on attitudes of vulnerable citizens. Specifically, we argue that responses to different forms of climate disaster, such as flooding (as opposed to drought), can more readily reduce citizens’ trust in governme…
Climate Change, Vulnerability, and the Propensity for Climate Migration
As extreme weather events, including floods, heat waves, droughts, and wildfires, have increased in frequency and severity, climate migration has also become more commonplace. However, few studies exist proposing climate vulnerability as a principal cause of out-migration. Utilizing an author-directed 2023 national survey in Guatemala, one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable nations suffering from both drought and flood, we provide robust empi…
What makes Guatemalan citizens green
Render unto Caesar Just a Little Bit Longer
Since the third wave of democracy, term limits have become a popular fixture of most constitutions intended to constrain the executive. Yet, recent constitutional reforms around the world show that presidents seeking re-election sometimes overturn the entire constitutional order to extend their power. What is the impact of these constitutional manipulations on the longevity of the executive in office? Using survival analysis of all political lead…
Being There Is Half the Battle
Using an original data set assessing the effect of the 195 new constitutions worldwide over the past 40 years on levels of democracy, this article argues that when popular participation and group inclusion are both considered, inclusion is what matters. After showing that group inclusion generates more improvements in levels of democracy than mere participation in our data set of implemented constitutions, we address some of the prominent cases o…
Who Speaks for Nature
Parting from conventional social science arguments that people speak for the ethnic groups they represent or for social or class-based groups, this study argues that attitudes of Ecuador's Amazon citizens are shaped by environmental vulnerability, and specifically exposure to environmental degradation. Using results of a nationwide survey to demonstrate that vulnerability matters in determining environmental attitudes of respondents, the authors …
National environmental policies as shelter from the storm
Indigenous Belief Systems, Science, and Resource Extraction
Indigenous people around the world have been particularly vocal about climate change as a challenge to their cosmovision—or traditional worldview—resulting in demands for protection of the earth as part of their core beliefs. Is this because indigenous people are the most vulnerable, and feel the impact of climate change more directly? Or is it because of the centrality of the earth to their traditional beliefs? Using survey evidence from Ecuador…
When Talk Trumps Text
Under what circumstances do new constitutions promote democracy? Between 1974 and 2011, the level of democracy increased in 62 countries following the adoption of a new constitution, but decreased or stayed the same in 70 others. Using data covering all 138 new constitutions in 118 countries during that period, we explain this divergence through empirical tests showing that overall increased participation during the process of making the constitu…
Multicultural Institutions, Distributional Politics, and Postelectoral Mobilization in Indigenous Mexico
Contrary to the predictions of "power sharing" to mitigate ethnic conflicts, multicultural rights recognition can actually increase the frequency of local postelectoral mobilizations. This article demonstrates that the adoption of an ethnic rights regime for electing local government representatives may actually increase conflict if these multicultural laws are not carefully circumscribed to avoid violating human rights. Focusing on the 1995 mult…
Latin America's multicultural movements
Ethnic Identity, Informal Institutions, and the Failure to Elect Women in Indigenous Southern Mexico
This article argues that the low levels of descriptive representation of women in local political office in Mexico and Latin America is much more than a problem of the purported patriarchal cultures of indigenous and rural communities. We claim, based on a comprehensive survey of 466 municipal governments in the indigenous state of Oaxaca, that the underrepresentation of women is a function of institutions limiting female candidates. We test this…
Instituciones agrarias de la tenencia de la tierra, marcos de conflicto e identidades comunitarias
Una revista científica, con revisión por pares, que publica investigación empírica y contribuciones teóricas en sociología, antropología, sociodemografía, y disciplinas afines. Nuestra misión es presentar los resultados de la investigación de la más alta calidad, con énfasis en América Latina, pero con proyección y alcance global
Walking Together, but in Which Direction? Gender Discrimination and Multicultural Practices in Oaxaca, Mexico
This article partly confirms the long-held view that multiculturalism discriminates against women. Indeed, for a majority of cases where multicultural electoral practices were recently recognized in our Oaxaca, Mexico survey sample, women did not participate in elections. However, female respondent participation in leader selection in multicultural communities was actually found to be higher in the few communities where locally established multic…
Agrarian Tenure Institution Conflict Frames, and Communitarian Identities
Drawing on a survey of more than 4,000 respondents, this article argues that contrary to claims by the 1994 Zapatista insurgency, indigenous and nonindigenous respondents in southern Mexico have been united more by socioeconomic and land tenure institution variables than by ethnic identity. Based on statistical models, it concludes that in rural southern Mexico, ethnicity alone is less important in shaping peoples' attitudes than whether the domi…
Usos y Costumbres and Postelectoral Conflicts in Oaxaca, Mexico, 1995-2004
This article evaluates postelectoral conflicts in Mexico's Oaxaca state before and after the state government legally recognized usos y costumbres—local leader selection via traditional practices (rather than parties and secret ballots). Assessing usos y costumbres within the normative debate between multiculturalists and pluralists on incorporation of ethnic minorities, the article compares the level of postelectoral conflict in usos y costumbre…
The Origins and Rationality of the “Legal versus Legitimate” Dichotomy Invoked in Mexico's 2006 Post-Electoral Conflict
Months after Mexico's independent electoral institute had validated the July 2, 2006, presidential elections, and weeks after the autonomous electoral court had certified National Action Party (PAN) candidate Felipe Calderón as president, runner-up Andrés Manuel López Obrador continued to cry foul. Days before the court's final September 5 ruling, López Obrador (known widely as “AMLO”), representing the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) an…
Indigenous Attitudes and Ethnic Identity Construction in Mexico
Challenging primordialist positions commonly held in Mexico's policy debate over relations between indigenous groups and the state, this article confirms the instrumentalist position that ethnic identities may be readily shaped. Using findings from a recent survey in Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Zacatecas, the author concludes, after distinguishing individual- from collectivity-oriented attitudes, that indigenous and non-indigenous respondents are simila…
Catching the State Off Guard
This article seeks to understand which model of electoral management body (EMB) best regulates campaign finance excesses in a hard case for EMB independence, Mexico’s one-party state during democratization (1977–2003). One would expect that the ombudsman model, where the electoral court is more autonomous from the party-state than EMB models in which the executive supervises elections directly or indirectly, would be the strongest regulatory body…
Introduction
The study of party finance is underdeveloped.Unlike many areas of parties and elections, the financial aspects have tended to escape extensive academic analysis.This omission is odd since party finance matters for all sorts of reasons.The study of political finance is fundamental to the study of the workings of representative democracy.For Alexander (1989:10-12) money is an element of political power, because it buys what is not or cannot be volu…
Thinking outside the (Ballot) Box
This article studies the development of informal bargaining tables to mitigate postelectoral conflicts in some 15 percent of Mexico's local elections between 1989 and 2000, even as formally autonomous electoral commissions and courts were being constituted. By documenting the dual institutions that resulted, the study qualifies theories of institutional design that take actor consent for granted. It argues that in the Mexican case and perhaps oth…
Measuring Electoral Court Failure in Democratizing Mexico
After identifying a lack of attention to electoral courts and post-electoral contestation of elections, this article seeks to compensate for the lack of comparative cross-national data on election dispute resolution by constructing ideal types of electoral court success and failure within one country, Mexico, where primary research has produced needed data. It exposes authoritarian incumbent/opposition bargaining over rules of Mexico's democratic…
Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico
Eddies in the third wave
In the third wave's backwaters, where transitions are protracted and authoritarians seem unsinkable, incremental bargaining is the path for persistent opposition parties. This article outlines tentative propositions about actors and arenas of protracted transition, in reference to the under‐specified cases of transitions to democracy considered in this volume. It offers a general characterization of protracted transitions, drawing upon scant exis…
Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico (U.S.-Mexico Contemporary Perspectives Series, 13)
When Talk Trumps Text
Under what circumstances do new constitutions promote democracy? Between 1974 and 2011, the level of democracy increased in 62 countries following the adoption of a new constitution, but decreased or stayed the same in 70 others. Using data covering all 138 new constitutions in 118 countries during that period, we explain this divergence through empirical tests showing that overall increased participation during the process of making the constitu…
Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico (U.S.-Mexico Contemporary Perspectives Series, 13)
Being There Is Half the Battle
Using an original data set assessing the effect of the 195 new constitutions worldwide over the past 40 years on levels of democracy, this article argues that when popular participation and group inclusion are both considered, inclusion is what matters. After showing that group inclusion generates more improvements in levels of democracy than mere participation in our data set of implemented constitutions, we address some of the prominent cases o…
Eddies in the third wave
In the third wave's backwaters, where transitions are protracted and authoritarians seem unsinkable, incremental bargaining is the path for persistent opposition parties. This article outlines tentative propositions about actors and arenas of protracted transition, in reference to the under‐specified cases of transitions to democracy considered in this volume. It offers a general characterization of protracted transitions, drawing upon scant exis…
Introduction
The study of party finance is underdeveloped.Unlike many areas of parties and elections, the financial aspects have tended to escape extensive academic analysis.This omission is odd since party finance matters for all sorts of reasons.The study of political finance is fundamental to the study of the workings of representative democracy.For Alexander (1989:10-12) money is an element of political power, because it buys what is not or cannot be volu…
Measuring Electoral Court Failure in Democratizing Mexico
After identifying a lack of attention to electoral courts and post-electoral contestation of elections, this article seeks to compensate for the lack of comparative cross-national data on election dispute resolution by constructing ideal types of electoral court success and failure within one country, Mexico, where primary research has produced needed data. It exposes authoritarian incumbent/opposition bargaining over rules of Mexico's democratic…
Walking Together, but in Which Direction? Gender Discrimination and Multicultural Practices in Oaxaca, Mexico
This article partly confirms the long-held view that multiculturalism discriminates against women. Indeed, for a majority of cases where multicultural electoral practices were recently recognized in our Oaxaca, Mexico survey sample, women did not participate in elections. However, female respondent participation in leader selection in multicultural communities was actually found to be higher in the few communities where locally established multic…
Who Speaks for Nature
Parting from conventional social science arguments that people speak for the ethnic groups they represent or for social or class-based groups, this study argues that attitudes of Ecuador's Amazon citizens are shaped by environmental vulnerability, and specifically exposure to environmental degradation. Using results of a nationwide survey to demonstrate that vulnerability matters in determining environmental attitudes of respondents, the authors …
Indigenous Belief Systems, Science, and Resource Extraction
Indigenous people around the world have been particularly vocal about climate change as a challenge to their cosmovision—or traditional worldview—resulting in demands for protection of the earth as part of their core beliefs. Is this because indigenous people are the most vulnerable, and feel the impact of climate change more directly? Or is it because of the centrality of the earth to their traditional beliefs? Using survey evidence from Ecuador…
Multicultural Institutions, Distributional Politics, and Postelectoral Mobilization in Indigenous Mexico
Contrary to the predictions of "power sharing" to mitigate ethnic conflicts, multicultural rights recognition can actually increase the frequency of local postelectoral mobilizations. This article demonstrates that the adoption of an ethnic rights regime for electing local government representatives may actually increase conflict if these multicultural laws are not carefully circumscribed to avoid violating human rights. Focusing on the 1995 mult…
Render unto Caesar Just a Little Bit Longer
Since the third wave of democracy, term limits have become a popular fixture of most constitutions intended to constrain the executive. Yet, recent constitutional reforms around the world show that presidents seeking re-election sometimes overturn the entire constitutional order to extend their power. What is the impact of these constitutional manipulations on the longevity of the executive in office? Using survival analysis of all political lead…
Agrarian Tenure Institution Conflict Frames, and Communitarian Identities
Drawing on a survey of more than 4,000 respondents, this article argues that contrary to claims by the 1994 Zapatista insurgency, indigenous and nonindigenous respondents in southern Mexico have been united more by socioeconomic and land tenure institution variables than by ethnic identity. Based on statistical models, it concludes that in rural southern Mexico, ethnicity alone is less important in shaping peoples' attitudes than whether the domi…
Ethnic Identity, Informal Institutions, and the Failure to Elect Women in Indigenous Southern Mexico
This article argues that the low levels of descriptive representation of women in local political office in Mexico and Latin America is much more than a problem of the purported patriarchal cultures of indigenous and rural communities. We claim, based on a comprehensive survey of 466 municipal governments in the indigenous state of Oaxaca, that the underrepresentation of women is a function of institutions limiting female candidates. We test this…
The Origins and Rationality of the “Legal versus Legitimate” Dichotomy Invoked in Mexico's 2006 Post-Electoral Conflict
Months after Mexico's independent electoral institute had validated the July 2, 2006, presidential elections, and weeks after the autonomous electoral court had certified National Action Party (PAN) candidate Felipe Calderón as president, runner-up Andrés Manuel López Obrador continued to cry foul. Days before the court's final September 5 ruling, López Obrador (known widely as “AMLO”), representing the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) an…
Thinking outside the (Ballot) Box
This article studies the development of informal bargaining tables to mitigate postelectoral conflicts in some 15 percent of Mexico's local elections between 1989 and 2000, even as formally autonomous electoral commissions and courts were being constituted. By documenting the dual institutions that resulted, the study qualifies theories of institutional design that take actor consent for granted. It argues that in the Mexican case and perhaps oth…
National environmental policies as shelter from the storm
Catching the State Off Guard
This article seeks to understand which model of electoral management body (EMB) best regulates campaign finance excesses in a hard case for EMB independence, Mexico’s one-party state during democratization (1977–2003). One would expect that the ombudsman model, where the electoral court is more autonomous from the party-state than EMB models in which the executive supervises elections directly or indirectly, would be the strongest regulatory body…
Indigenous Attitudes and Ethnic Identity Construction in Mexico
Challenging primordialist positions commonly held in Mexico's policy debate over relations between indigenous groups and the state, this article confirms the instrumentalist position that ethnic identities may be readily shaped. Using findings from a recent survey in Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Zacatecas, the author concludes, after distinguishing individual- from collectivity-oriented attitudes, that indigenous and non-indigenous respondents are simila…
Climate Change, Vulnerability, and the Propensity for Climate Migration
As extreme weather events, including floods, heat waves, droughts, and wildfires, have increased in frequency and severity, climate migration has also become more commonplace. However, few studies exist proposing climate vulnerability as a principal cause of out-migration. Utilizing an author-directed 2023 national survey in Guatemala, one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable nations suffering from both drought and flood, we provide robust empi…
Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico (U.S.-Mexico Contemporary Perspectives Series, 13)
The Self-Restraining State
Eddies in the third wave
In the third wave's backwaters, where transitions are protracted and authoritarians seem unsinkable, incremental bargaining is the path for persistent opposition parties. This article outlines tentative propositions about actors and arenas of protracted transition, in reference to the under‐specified cases of transitions to democracy considered in this volume. It offers a general characterization of protracted transitions, drawing upon scant exis…
Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico
Measuring Electoral Court Failure in Democratizing Mexico
After identifying a lack of attention to electoral courts and post-electoral contestation of elections, this article seeks to compensate for the lack of comparative cross-national data on election dispute resolution by constructing ideal types of electoral court success and failure within one country, Mexico, where primary research has produced needed data. It exposes authoritarian incumbent/opposition bargaining over rules of Mexico's democratic…
Thinking outside the (Ballot) Box
This article studies the development of informal bargaining tables to mitigate postelectoral conflicts in some 15 percent of Mexico's local elections between 1989 and 2000, even as formally autonomous electoral commissions and courts were being constituted. By documenting the dual institutions that resulted, the study qualifies theories of institutional design that take actor consent for granted. It argues that in the Mexican case and perhaps oth…
Catching the State Off Guard
This article seeks to understand which model of electoral management body (EMB) best regulates campaign finance excesses in a hard case for EMB independence, Mexico’s one-party state during democratization (1977–2003). One would expect that the ombudsman model, where the electoral court is more autonomous from the party-state than EMB models in which the executive supervises elections directly or indirectly, would be the strongest regulatory body…
Introduction
The study of party finance is underdeveloped.Unlike many areas of parties and elections, the financial aspects have tended to escape extensive academic analysis.This omission is odd since party finance matters for all sorts of reasons.The study of political finance is fundamental to the study of the workings of representative democracy.For Alexander (1989:10-12) money is an element of political power, because it buys what is not or cannot be volu…
Indigenous Attitudes and Ethnic Identity Construction in Mexico
Challenging primordialist positions commonly held in Mexico's policy debate over relations between indigenous groups and the state, this article confirms the instrumentalist position that ethnic identities may be readily shaped. Using findings from a recent survey in Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Zacatecas, the author concludes, after distinguishing individual- from collectivity-oriented attitudes, that indigenous and non-indigenous respondents are simila…
Usos y Costumbres and Postelectoral Conflicts in Oaxaca, Mexico, 1995-2004
This article evaluates postelectoral conflicts in Mexico's Oaxaca state before and after the state government legally recognized usos y costumbres—local leader selection via traditional practices (rather than parties and secret ballots). Assessing usos y costumbres within the normative debate between multiculturalists and pluralists on incorporation of ethnic minorities, the article compares the level of postelectoral conflict in usos y costumbre…
The Origins and Rationality of the “Legal versus Legitimate” Dichotomy Invoked in Mexico's 2006 Post-Electoral Conflict
Months after Mexico's independent electoral institute had validated the July 2, 2006, presidential elections, and weeks after the autonomous electoral court had certified National Action Party (PAN) candidate Felipe Calderón as president, runner-up Andrés Manuel López Obrador continued to cry foul. Days before the court's final September 5 ruling, López Obrador (known widely as “AMLO”), representing the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) an…
Walking Together, but in Which Direction? Gender Discrimination and Multicultural Practices in Oaxaca, Mexico
This article partly confirms the long-held view that multiculturalism discriminates against women. Indeed, for a majority of cases where multicultural electoral practices were recently recognized in our Oaxaca, Mexico survey sample, women did not participate in elections. However, female respondent participation in leader selection in multicultural communities was actually found to be higher in the few communities where locally established multic…
Agrarian Tenure Institution Conflict Frames, and Communitarian Identities
Drawing on a survey of more than 4,000 respondents, this article argues that contrary to claims by the 1994 Zapatista insurgency, indigenous and nonindigenous respondents in southern Mexico have been united more by socioeconomic and land tenure institution variables than by ethnic identity. Based on statistical models, it concludes that in rural southern Mexico, ethnicity alone is less important in shaping peoples' attitudes than whether the domi…
Instituciones agrarias de la tenencia de la tierra, marcos de conflicto e identidades comunitarias
Una revista científica, con revisión por pares, que publica investigación empírica y contribuciones teóricas en sociología, antropología, sociodemografía, y disciplinas afines. Nuestra misión es presentar los resultados de la investigación de la más alta calidad, con énfasis en América Latina, pero con proyección y alcance global
Latin America's multicultural movements
Ethnic Identity, Informal Institutions, and the Failure to Elect Women in Indigenous Southern Mexico
This article argues that the low levels of descriptive representation of women in local political office in Mexico and Latin America is much more than a problem of the purported patriarchal cultures of indigenous and rural communities. We claim, based on a comprehensive survey of 466 municipal governments in the indigenous state of Oaxaca, that the underrepresentation of women is a function of institutions limiting female candidates. We test this…
Multicultural Institutions, Distributional Politics, and Postelectoral Mobilization in Indigenous Mexico
Contrary to the predictions of "power sharing" to mitigate ethnic conflicts, multicultural rights recognition can actually increase the frequency of local postelectoral mobilizations. This article demonstrates that the adoption of an ethnic rights regime for electing local government representatives may actually increase conflict if these multicultural laws are not carefully circumscribed to avoid violating human rights. Focusing on the 1995 mult…
When Talk Trumps Text
Under what circumstances do new constitutions promote democracy? Between 1974 and 2011, the level of democracy increased in 62 countries following the adoption of a new constitution, but decreased or stayed the same in 70 others. Using data covering all 138 new constitutions in 118 countries during that period, we explain this divergence through empirical tests showing that overall increased participation during the process of making the constitu…
Indigenous Belief Systems, Science, and Resource Extraction
Indigenous people around the world have been particularly vocal about climate change as a challenge to their cosmovision—or traditional worldview—resulting in demands for protection of the earth as part of their core beliefs. Is this because indigenous people are the most vulnerable, and feel the impact of climate change more directly? Or is it because of the centrality of the earth to their traditional beliefs? Using survey evidence from Ecuador…
National environmental policies as shelter from the storm
Being There Is Half the Battle
Using an original data set assessing the effect of the 195 new constitutions worldwide over the past 40 years on levels of democracy, this article argues that when popular participation and group inclusion are both considered, inclusion is what matters. After showing that group inclusion generates more improvements in levels of democracy than mere participation in our data set of implemented constitutions, we address some of the prominent cases o…
Who Speaks for Nature
Parting from conventional social science arguments that people speak for the ethnic groups they represent or for social or class-based groups, this study argues that attitudes of Ecuador's Amazon citizens are shaped by environmental vulnerability, and specifically exposure to environmental degradation. Using results of a nationwide survey to demonstrate that vulnerability matters in determining environmental attitudes of respondents, the authors …
Render unto Caesar Just a Little Bit Longer
Since the third wave of democracy, term limits have become a popular fixture of most constitutions intended to constrain the executive. Yet, recent constitutional reforms around the world show that presidents seeking re-election sometimes overturn the entire constitutional order to extend their power. What is the impact of these constitutional manipulations on the longevity of the executive in office? Using survival analysis of all political lead…
Climate Change, Vulnerability, and the Propensity for Climate Migration
As extreme weather events, including floods, heat waves, droughts, and wildfires, have increased in frequency and severity, climate migration has also become more commonplace. However, few studies exist proposing climate vulnerability as a principal cause of out-migration. Utilizing an author-directed 2023 national survey in Guatemala, one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable nations suffering from both drought and flood, we provide robust empi…
What makes Guatemalan citizens green
Political science (18 obras) · Law (16 obras) · Sociology (12 obras) · Law (11 obras) · Politics (11 obras) · Politics and Society in Latin America (11 obras) · Democracy (9 obras) · Economics (9 obras) · Political economy (9 obras) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (8 obras)