Thomas Blakely
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 459038 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Thomas Blakely |
| PRENOMES | Thomas |
| SOBRENOME | Blakely |
| ASSINATURA | BLAKELY T |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Otago |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6995-4369 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 113 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 575 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 113 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1981 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
Modelling the potential impacts of limiting vaping product sales to pharmacies
Our model suggests modest reductions in vaping prevalence and net health gains from the OTC pharmacy policy, with minor benefits from a prescription-only approach. These findings underscore the importance of balancing the potential smoking cessation benefits of vaping with the need to curb youth uptake. Future research is required to better understand how vaping restriction policies could impact vaping and smoking dynamics in A/NZ, in particular,…
Economic effects for citizens and the government of a country-level tobacco endgame strategy
A policy such as the A/NZ Smokefree Action Plan is likely to produce substantial economic benefits for citizens, and modest impacts on government finances related to reduced tobacco tax and increases in aged pensions due to increased life expectancy. Such costs can be anticipated and planned for and might be largely offset by future increases in the size of the labour force and the proportion of people 65+ years old working in the formal economy
Tobacco endgame intervention impacts on health gains and Māori
A tobacco endgame strategy, especially denicotinisation, could deliver large health benefits and dramatically reduce health inequities between Māori and non-Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Fifty-year forecasts of daily smoking prevalence
A 5% adult daily smoking prevalence target cannot be achieved by the year 2030 based on current trends. Urgent investment in concerted strategies that prevent smoking initiation and facilitate cessation is necessary to achieve 5% prevalence by 2030
Income and economic productivity loss associated with comorbidity
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the income loss from having two or more diseases, over and above the independent and separate effects of having a single disease. METHODS: We used linked health income data from 2006-2007 to 2015-2016 for 25-64 years, for the entire New Zealand population. Fixed effects OLS regression was used to estimate within-individual income loss for diseases separately, and to estimate if having two or more diseases together resulted …
The total health gains and cost savings of eradicating cold housing in Australia
Jama Health Forum Peer Reviewers in 2021
Housing and health
Recent crises have underscored the importance that housing has in sustaining good health and, equally, its potential to harm health. Considering this and building on Howden-Chapman’s early glossary of housing and health and the WHO Housing and Health Guidelines, this paper introduces a range of housing and health-related terms, reflecting almost 20 years of development in the field. It defines key concepts currently used in research, policy and p…
Association of Simulated Covid-19 Policy Responses for Social Restrictions and Lockdowns With Health-Adjusted Life-Years and Costs in Victoria, Australia
In this simulation modeling economic evaluation of estimated SARS-CoV-infection rates, time under 5 stages of restrictions, HALYs, health expenditure, and GDP losses in Victoria, Australia, an elimination strategy was associated with the least health losses and usually the fewest GDP losses
Health benefits and costs of weight-loss dietary counselling by nurses in primary care
Objective: We aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of brief weight-loss counselling by dietitian-trained practice nurses, in a high-income-country case study. Design: A literature search of the impact of dietary counselling on BMI was performed to source the ‘best’ effect size for use in modelling. This was combined with multiple other input parameters (e.g. epidemiological and cost parameters for obesity-related diseases, likely uptake of co…
Prospective impact of tobacco eradication and overweight and obesity eradication on future morbidity and health-adjusted life expectancy
BACKGROUND: Interventions that reduce morbidity, in addition to mortality, warrant prioritisation. It is important to understand the magnitude of potential morbidity and health gains from changing risk factor distributions. We quantified the impact of tobacco compared with overweight/obesity eradication on future morbidity and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) for the New Zealand population alive in 2011. METHODS: Business-as-usual (BAU) fut…
Mass media promotion of a smartphone smoking cessation app
This study provides modelling-level evidence that mass-media promotion of a smartphone app for smoking cessation could generate health gain, reduce ethnic inequalities in health and save health system costs. Nevertheless, there are other tobacco control measures which generate considerably larger health gains and cost-savings such as raising tobacco taxes
Impact of tax and tobacco-free generation on health-adjusted life years in the Solomon Islands
This study quantified the potential of two tobacco control policies over maximum health gains achievable through tobacco eradication in the Solomon Islands
Restricting tobacco sales to only pharmacies combined with cessation advice
This work provides modelling-level evidence that the package of restricting tobacco sales to only pharmacies combined with cessation advice in these settings can accelerate progress towards the tobacco endgame, and achieve large population health benefits and cost-savings
Thank you to our reviewers
Socio-economic inequalities in mortality for Asian people
Do nutrition labels influence healthier food choices? Analysis of label viewing behaviour and subsequent food purchases in a labelling intervention trial
BACKGROUND: There are few objective data on how nutrition labels are used in real-world shopping situations, or how they affect dietary choices and patterns. DESIGN: The Starlight study was a four-week randomised, controlled trial of the effects of three different types of nutrition labels on consumer food purchases: Traffic Light Labels, Health Star Rating labels, or Nutrition Information Panels (control). Smartphone technology allowed participa…
A national quitline service and its promotion in the mass media
The package of a quitline service and its promotion in the mass media appears to be an effective means to generate health gain, address health inequalities and save health system costs. Nevertheless, the role of this intervention needs to be compared with other tobacco control and health sector interventions, some of which may be even more cost saving
Impact of increasing tobacco taxes on working-age adults
The majority of the health benefit over a 10-year horizon from increasing tobacco taxes is accrued in the working-age population (20-65 years). There remains a need for more work on the associated productivity benefits of such health gains
Impact of five tobacco endgame strategies on future smoking prevalence, population health and health system costs
Implementing endgame strategies is needed to achieve tobacco endgame targets and reduce inequalities in smoking. Given such strategies are new, modelling studies provide provisional information on what approaches may be best
Cumulative receipt of an anti-poverty tax credit for families did not impact tobacco smoking among parents
Collaborating with a social housing provider supports a large cohort study of the health effects of housing conditions
This project has shown that an administrative housing database can be used to form a large cohort population and successfully link cohort members to their health records in a way that meets confidentiality and ethical requirements. This study also confirms that social housing tenants are a highly deprived population with relatively low incomes and high levels of exposure to household crowding and environmental tobacco smoke
The health gains and cost savings of dietary salt reduction interventions, with equity and age distributional aspects
The benefits are consistent with the international literature, with large health gains and cost savings possible from some, but not all, sodium reduction interventions. Health gain appears likely to occur among working-age adults and all interventions contributed to reducing health inequalities
Study protocol
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616000122459 (registered 3 February 2016)
Tobacco retail outlet restrictions
These tobacco outlet reductions reduced smoking prevalence, achieved health gains and saved health system costs. Effects would be larger if outlet reductions have additional spill-over effects (eg, smoking denormalisation). While these interventions were not as effective as tobacco tax increases (using the same model), these and other strategies could be combined to maximise health gain and to maximise cost-savings to the health system
Metropolitan area income inequality and self-rated health-a multi-level study
Ecological effects in multi-level studies
Multi-level research that attempts to describe ecological effects in themselves (for example, the effect on individual health from living in deprived communities), while also including individual level effects (for example, the effect of personal socioeconomic disadvantage), is now prominent in research on the socioeconomic determinants of health and disease. Such research often involves the application of advanced statistical multi-level methods…
Housing affordability and mental health
What is the lag time between income inequality and health status
Version of Record
When does neighbourhood matter? Multilevel relationships between neighbourhood social fragmentation and mental health
No association of income inequality with adult mortality within New Zealand
Study objective: To determine the association of regional income inequality within New Zealand with mortality among 25–64 year olds. Design: Individual census and mortality records were linked over the 1991–94 period. Income inequality (Gini coefficients) and average household income variables were calculated for 35 regions. “Individual level” variables were sex, age, ethnicity, household income, rurality, and small area socioeconomic deprivation…
A national study of the association between neighbourhood access to fast-food outlets and the diet and weight of local residents
The association of food security with psychological distress in New Zealand and any gender differences
Widening ethnic mortality disparities in New Zealand 1981-99
The contextual effects of neighbourhood access to supermarkets and convenience stores on individual fruit and vegetable consumption
BACKGROUND: It is often suggested that neighbourhood access to food retailers affects the dietary patterns of local residents, but this hypothesis has not been adequately researched. We examine the association between neighbourhood accessibility to supermarkets and convenience stores and individuals' consumption of fruit and vegetables in New Zealand. METHODS: Using geographical information systems, travel times from the population-weighted centr…
Retrofitting houses with insulation to reduce health inequalities
Do New Zealand's immigrants have a mortality advantage? Evidence from the New Zealand Census-Mortality Study
Findings from our study are consistent with international literature. Both the healthy migrant effect and acculturation may be responsible for the protective mortality effect among Asians and Europeans/Others that erodes over time. However, our results for the Pacific population suggest some migrant groups come to the host country with a health disadvantage and with no apparent healthy migrant effect
Measuring Ethnicity in New Zealand
While single ethnic group disparity studies have been useful in the past, we suggest that more sophisticated ways of conceptualising and analysing ethnicity data in relation to health disparities are now required in New Zealand. Based on the New Zealand experience, we also suggest that as international migration continues, and as intermarriage becomes more frequent in most countries, there will be pressure to move from single group race-based mea…
Do effects of price discounts and nutrition education on food purchases vary by ethnicity, income and education? Results from a randomised, controlled trial
BACKGROUND: Reducing health inequalities requires interventions that work as well, if not better, among disadvantaged populations. The aim of this study was to determine if the effects of price discounts and tailored nutrition education on supermarket food purchases (percentage energy from saturated fat and healthy foods purchased) vary by ethnicity, household income and education. METHOD: A 2×2 factorial trial of 1104 New Zealand shoppers random…
A multilevel analysis of socioeconomic (small area) differences in household food purchasing behaviour
Study objective: To examine the association between area and individual level socioeconomic status (SES) and food purchasing behaviour. Design: The sample comprised 1000 households and 50 small areas. Data were collected by face to face interview (66.4% response rate). SES was measured using a composite area index of disadvantage (mean 1026.8, SD = 95.2) and household income. Purchasing behaviour was scored as continuous indices ranging from 0 to…
Comparing self-rated health and self-assessed change in health in a longitudinal survey
What is the difference between controlling for mean versus median income in analyses of income inequality
Version of Record
What shape is your neighbourhood? Investigating the micro geographies of physical activity
Are neighbourhood social fragmentation and suicide associated in New Zealand? A national multilevel cohort study
BACKGROUND: Studies of the association between neighbourhood fragmentation and suicide have yielded varied results, and none has simultaneously adjusted for neighbourhood fragmentation, neighbourhood deprivation and individual-level factors. METHOD: A multilevel analysis of a 3-year cohort study was carried out using probabilistic linkage of census and mortality records, and two measures of neighbourhood fragmentation. A total of 2.8 million resp…
Cancer is overtaking cardiovascular disease as the main driver of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality
Background: Relative socioeconomic disparities in cardiovascular mortality have increased in New Zealand, as in many Western countries in Northern Europe, the US and Australia during the late 20th century. However, substantial declines in cardiovascular mortality mean that its absolute contribution to overall mortality has decreased. Research questions: How did the absolute contribution of major causes of death to socioeconomic inequalities in Ne…
Could strength of exposure to the residential neighbourhood modify associations between walkability and physical activity
What is the association between wealth and mental health
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequalities in mental health have been shown in a number of populations. This study aims to investigate the association between asset wealth and psychological distress in New Zealand and whether it is independent of other socioeconomic measures and baseline health status. METHODS: Data for this study were from the first three waves of the Survey of Families, Income and Employment (SoFIE) conducted in New Zealand (2002-2…
Shifting dollars, saving lives
Do nutrition labels influence healthier food choices? Analysis of label viewing behaviour and subsequent food purchases in a labelling intervention trial
BACKGROUND: There are few objective data on how nutrition labels are used in real-world shopping situations, or how they affect dietary choices and patterns. DESIGN: The Starlight study was a four-week randomised, controlled trial of the effects of three different types of nutrition labels on consumer food purchases: Traffic Light Labels, Health Star Rating labels, or Nutrition Information Panels (control). Smartphone technology allowed participa…
The relationship between income and health using longitudinal data from New Zealand
BACKGROUND: Evidence for a cross-sectional relationship between income and health is strong but is probably biased by substantial confounding. Longitudinal data with repeated income and health measures on the same individuals can be analysed to control completely for time-invariant confounding, giving a more accurate estimate of the impact of short-term changes in income on health. METHODS: 4 years of annual data (2002--2005) from the New Zealand…
Workshops
ISorganizing three film.screeningsessions for the p r o gram
Marxism and Alternatives
One: The Immanence of Marxism-Leninism.- 1. Emergence of the New Soviet Man.- 2. The Scientific-Technological Revolution.- 3. Dialectical Logic.- 4. The Dialectic of Nature.- 5. Meta-Marxism.- Two: The Transcendence of Neo-Thomism.- 6. Natural Law and the Common Good.- 7. Nature and Knowledge.- 8. Logic and Knowledge.- 9. Immateriality.- 10. The Predicamental Perspective.- Three: The Concreteness of Pragmatism.- 11. Context.- 12. Science and Prog…
Mortality in poorer areas
EDITOR,-I read with interest the recent article detailing changes to the format of the SF-36. 1 The authors present data regarding the psychometric properties and epidemiological characteristics of the SF-36 version 2. The authors present the results from a large data sample of people aged 18-64. The analysis reveals that the questionnaire has good internal consistency and construct validity. The layout of the new questionnaire is certainly impro…
What is the lag time between income inequality and health status
Version of Record
Ecological effects in multi-level studies
Multi-level research that attempts to describe ecological effects in themselves (for example, the effect on individual health from living in deprived communities), while also including individual level effects (for example, the effect of personal socioeconomic disadvantage), is now prominent in research on the socioeconomic determinants of health and disease. Such research often involves the application of advanced statistical multi-level methods…
What is the difference between controlling for mean versus median income in analyses of income inequality
Version of Record
Is there a causal association between suicide rates and the political leanings of government
Possibly The study of ecological influences on suicide, over and above individual level risk factors, is the example par excellence of the social epidemiological approach.1 In this issue of the journal, Page et al present a fascinating ecological study of the association between suicide rates in New South Wales during the 20th century and various ecological variables, including whether the governing political party was conservative or social demo…
Metropolitan area income inequality and self-rated health-a multi-level study
No association of income inequality with adult mortality within New Zealand
Study objective: To determine the association of regional income inequality within New Zealand with mortality among 25–64 year olds. Design: Individual census and mortality records were linked over the 1991–94 period. Income inequality (Gini coefficients) and average household income variables were calculated for 35 regions. “Individual level” variables were sex, age, ethnicity, household income, rurality, and small area socioeconomic deprivation…
Confounding by socioeconomic position remains after adjusting for neighbourhood deprivation
Many exposure-outcome relations are likely to be overestimated due to residual confounding by socioeconomic position if only one socioeconomic factor is adjusted for
A multilevel analysis of socioeconomic (small area) differences in household food purchasing behaviour
Study objective: To examine the association between area and individual level socioeconomic status (SES) and food purchasing behaviour. Design: The sample comprised 1000 households and 50 small areas. Data were collected by face to face interview (66.4% response rate). SES was measured using a composite area index of disadvantage (mean 1026.8, SD = 95.2) and household income. Purchasing behaviour was scored as continuous indices ranging from 0 to…
Compression, expansion, or dynamic equilibrium? The evolution of health expectancy in New Zealand
Study objective: To evaluate the New Zealand evidence for three theories of population health change: compression of morbidity, expansion of morbidity, and dynamic equilibrium. Design: Using the Sullivan method, repeated cross sectional survey information on functional limitation prevalence was combined with population mortality data and census information on the utilisation of institutional care to produce health expectancy indices for 1981 and …
Society for Visual Anthropology
Do social and economic reforms change socioeconomic inequalities in child mortality? A case study
Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in child mortality are known to exist; however the trends in these inequalities have not been well examined. This study examines the trends in child mortality inequality between 1981 and 1999 against the background of the rapid and dramatic social and economic restructuring in New Zealand during this time period. Methods: Record linkage studies of census and mortality records of all New Zealand children aged…
Ethnic Inequalities in Cancer Survival in New Zealand
We explored the contribution of stage at diagnosis to ethnic disparities in cancer survival in New Zealand. We linked 115811 adult patients with invasive cancer registered on the cancer registry (1994 to 2002) to mortality data. Age-standardized, 5-year relative survival rates were lowest for Maori, intermediate for Pacific people (otherwise known as Pacific Islanders), and highest for non-Maori/non-Pacific people for many cancers. Stage at diagn…
Widening ethnic mortality disparities in New Zealand 1981-99
Retrofitting houses with insulation to reduce health inequalities
What potential has tobacco control for reducing health inequalities? The New Zealand situation
In this Commentary, we aim to synthesize recent epidemiological data on tobacco and health inequalities for New Zealand and present it in new ways. We also aim to describe both existing and potential tobacco control responses for addressing these inequalities. In New Zealand smoking prevalence is higher amongst Māori and Pacific peoples (compared to those of "New Zealand European" ethnicity) and amongst those with low socioeconomic position (SEP)…
Trends in absolute socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in Sweden and New Zealand. A 20-year gender perspective
Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality were clearly most favourable for men in Sweden. Trends also seemed to be more favourable for men than women in New Zealand. Assuming the trends in male inequalities in Sweden were not a statistical chance finding, it is not clear what the substantive reason(s) was for the pronounced decrease. Further gender comparisons are required
Shifting dollars, saving lives
Are socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods deprived of health-related community resources?
BACKGROUND: Recent work in a number of countries has identified growing geographical inequalities in health between deprived and non-deprived neighbourhoods. The health gaps observed cannot be entirely explained by differences in the characteristics of individuals living in those neighbourhoods, which has led to a concerted international public health research effort to determine what contextual features of neighbourhoods matter. This article rep…
Neighborhood Deprivation and Access to Fast-Food Retailing
Effect of insulating existing houses on health inequality
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether insulating existing houses increases indoor temperatures and improves occupants' health and wellbeing. DESIGN: Community based, cluster, single blinded randomised study. SETTING: Seven low income communities in New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS: 1350 households containing 4407 participants. INTERVENTION: Installation of a standard retrofit insulation package. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Indoor temperature and relative humidity,…
Strategies to promote healthier food purchases
Objective To pilot the design and methodology for a large randomised controlled trial (RCT) of two interventions to promote healthier food purchasing: culturally appropriate nutrition education and price discounts. Design A 12-week, single-blind, pilot RCT. Effects on food purchases were measured using individualised electronic shopping data (‘Shop ’N Go’ system). Partial data were also collected on food expenditure at other (non-supermarket) ret…
Cancer is overtaking cardiovascular disease as the main driver of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality
Background: Relative socioeconomic disparities in cardiovascular mortality have increased in New Zealand, as in many Western countries in Northern Europe, the US and Australia during the late 20th century. However, substantial declines in cardiovascular mortality mean that its absolute contribution to overall mortality has decreased. Research questions: How did the absolute contribution of major causes of death to socioeconomic inequalities in Ne…
Medicine (98 obras) · Environmental health (78 obras) · Demography (66 obras) · Population (66 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (56 obras) · Economics (38 obras) · Gerontology (37 obras) · Demography (35 obras) · Sociology (34 obras) · Public health (28 obras)