James Woodcock
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4684733 |
|---|---|
| NOME | James Woodcock |
| PRENOMES | James |
| SOBRENOME | Woodcock |
| ASSINATURA | WOODCOCK J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Cambridge |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4769-5375 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 8 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2009 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Infrastructure and accessibility implications of implementing x-minute city policies in low-density contexts
Addressing priorities such as health, liveability, and climate resilience, many global governments are exploring x-minute city and x-minute neighbourhood policies. Addressing a lack of operational models for x-minute cities, we developed a model to assess accessibility and utilisation implications of their implementation, testing the model by applying it to the low-density city of Melbourne, Australia, where 20-minute neighbourhood (20MN) policy …
Modelling active travel accessibility at the micro-scale using multi-source built environment data
Accessibility models explore how land use and transport systems interact to facilitate access to activities and daily needs. Existing applications generally model accessibility based on distance or travel time. For pedestrians and cyclists, the street-level environment (e.g., green visibility, streetside amenities, dedicated infrastructure) significantly influences people's willingness and ability to travel. Incorporating these features into acce…
Data gaps in transport behavior are bottleneck for tracking progress towards healthy sustainable transport in European cities
Data gaps in transport behavior are bottleneck for tracking progress towards healthy sustainable transport in European cities, Chevance, Guillaume, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Braga, Kaue, Clifton, Kelly, Hoadley, Suzanne, Kaack, Lynn H, Kaiser, Silke K, Lampkowski, Marcelo, Lupu, Iuliana, Radics, Miklós, Velázquez-Cortés, Daniel, Williams, Sarah, Woodcock, James, Tonne, Cathryn
Commentary
Recent advances in data science and urban environmental health research utilise large-scale databases (100s-1000s of cities) to explore the complex interplay of urban characteristics such as city form and size, climate, mobility, exposure, and environmental health impacts. Cities are still hotspots of air pollution and noise, suffer urban heat island effects and lack of green space, which leads to disease and mortality burdens preventable with be…
Effect of 20 mph speed limits on traffic injuries in Edinburgh, UK
INTRODUCTION: There is limited research evaluating 20 mph speed limit interventions, and long-term assessments are seldom conducted either globally or within the UK. This study evaluated the impact of the phased 20 mph speed limit implementation on road traffic collisions and casualties in the City of Edinburgh, UK over approximately 3 years post implementation. METHODS: We used four sets of complementary analyses for collision and casualty rates…
Gender differences in active travel in major cities across the world
There is lack of literature on international comparison of gender differences in the use of active travel modes. We used population-representative travel surveys for 19 major cities across 13 countries and 6 continents, representing a mix of cites from low-and-middle income (n = 8) and high-income countries (n = 11). In all the cities, females are more likely than males to walk and, in most cities, more likely to use public transport. This relati…
Comparing travel behaviour characteristics and correlates between large and small Kenyan cities (Nairobi versus Kisumu)
Understanding urban travel behaviour is crucial for planning healthy and sustainable cities. Africa is urbanising at one of the fastest rates in the world and urgently needs this knowledge. However, the data and literature on urban travel behaviour, their correlates, and their variation across African cities are limited. We aimed to describe and compare travel behaviour characteristics and correlates of two Kenyan cities (Nairobi and Kisumu). We …
Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Depression
Exploring ways to respond to rising obesity and diabetes in the Caribbean using a system dynamics model
Diabetes and obesity present a high and increasing burden of disease in the Caribbean that have failed to respond to prevention policies and interventions. These conditions are the result of a complex system of drivers and determinants that can make it difficult to predict the impact of interventions. In partnership with stakeholders, we developed a system dynamics simulation model to map the system driving diabetes and obesity prevalence in the …
Physical Activity Behaviour and Comparison of GPAQ and Travel Diary Transport-Related Physical Activity in Accra, Ghana
There is a lack of data on physical activity (PA), active travel, and the comparison of measurement instruments in low-resource settings. The objective of this paper is to describe PA behaviour and the agreement of walking estimates from the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and the travel diary in a low-resource setting. We used a cross-sectional survey design to capture data from the residents of Accra (Ghana) between May 2020 and M…
Socioeconomic and gendered inequities in travel behaviour in Africa
Analysis of Cameroon’s Sectoral Policies on Physical Activity for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention
Physical inactivity is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), urbanisation and sedentary living are rapidly growing in tandem. Increasing active living requires the participation of multiple sectors, yet it is unclear whether physical activity (PA)-relevant sectors in LMICs are prioritising PA. We investigated to what extent sectors that influence PA explicitly integrate it in their policies…
The global diet and activity research (GDAR) network
Implications of Covid-19 control measures for diet and physical activity, and lessons for addressing other pandemics facing rapidly urbanising countries
At the time of writing, it is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic will play out in rapidly urbanising regions of the world. In these regions, the realities of large overcrowded informal settlements, a high burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases, as well as malnutrition and precarity of livelihoods, have raised added concerns about the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in these contexts. COVID-19 infection control measures have b…
Integrated Impact Assessment of Active Travel
The World Health Organization's Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for walking and cycling is a user-friendly web-based tool to assess the health impacts of active travel. HEAT, developed over 10 years ago, has been used by researchers, planners and policymakers alike in appraisals of walking and cycling policies at both national and more local scales. HEAT has undergone regular upgrades adopting the latest scientific evidence. This article p…
Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes
Land use, transport, and population health
Does More Cycling Mean More Diversity in Cycling?
In low-cycling countries, cycling is not evenly distributed across genders and age groups. In the UK, men are twice as likely as women to cycle to work and cycling tends to be dominated by younger adults. By contrast, in higher cycling countries and cities, gender differences are low, absent, or in the opposite direction. Such places also lack the UK's steady decline in cycling among those aged over 35 years. Over the past fifteen years some UK l…
Can air pollution negate the health benefits of cycling and walking?
Active travel (cycling, walking) is beneficial for the health due to increased physical activity (PA). However, active travel may increase the intake of air pollution, leading to negative health consequences. We examined the risk-benefit balance between active travel related PA and exposure to air pollution across a range of air pollution and PA scenarios. The health effects of active travel and air pollution were estimated through changes in all…
Effect of Attitudinal, Situational and Demographic Factors on Annoyance Due to Environmental Vibration and Noise from Construction of a Light Rapid Transit System
The aim of this paper is to determine what non-exposure factors influence the relationship between vibration and noise exposure from the construction of a Light Rapid Transit (LRT) system and the annoyance of nearby residents. Noise and vibration from construction sites are known to annoy residents, with annoyance increasing as a function of the magnitude of the vibration and noise. There is not a strong correlation between exposure and levels of…
OP21 Modelled Health Impacts of the London Cycle Hire Scheme
Background Bicycle sharing systems are being implemented in many cities worldwide, but have received little robust evaluation. We modelled the impacts of the London cycle hire scheme (LCH) upon the health of its users. Methods Data sources included total-population operational registration and usage data for LCH (April 2011-March 2012); surveys of LCH users (2011); and London data on travel, physical activity, road traffic collisions and PM2.5 ai…
Health Cobenefits and Transportation-Related Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the San Francisco Bay Area
Objectives. We quantified health benefits of transportation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Methods. Statistics on travel patterns and injuries, physical activity, fine particulate matter, and GHGE in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, were input to a model that calculated the health impacts of walking and bicycling short distances usually traveled by car or driving low-emission automobiles. We measured the change in di…
Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions
Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions
Health Cobenefits and Transportation-Related Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the San Francisco Bay Area
Objectives. We quantified health benefits of transportation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Methods. Statistics on travel patterns and injuries, physical activity, fine particulate matter, and GHGE in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, were input to a model that calculated the health impacts of walking and bicycling short distances usually traveled by car or driving low-emission automobiles. We measured the change in di…
Comparing travel behaviour characteristics and correlates between large and small Kenyan cities (Nairobi versus Kisumu)
Understanding urban travel behaviour is crucial for planning healthy and sustainable cities. Africa is urbanising at one of the fastest rates in the world and urgently needs this knowledge. However, the data and literature on urban travel behaviour, their correlates, and their variation across African cities are limited. We aimed to describe and compare travel behaviour characteristics and correlates of two Kenyan cities (Nairobi and Kisumu). We …
Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions
Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions
OP21 Modelled Health Impacts of the London Cycle Hire Scheme
Background Bicycle sharing systems are being implemented in many cities worldwide, but have received little robust evaluation. We modelled the impacts of the London cycle hire scheme (LCH) upon the health of its users. Methods Data sources included total-population operational registration and usage data for LCH (April 2011-March 2012); surveys of LCH users (2011); and London data on travel, physical activity, road traffic collisions and PM2.5 ai…
Health Cobenefits and Transportation-Related Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the San Francisco Bay Area
Objectives. We quantified health benefits of transportation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Methods. Statistics on travel patterns and injuries, physical activity, fine particulate matter, and GHGE in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, were input to a model that calculated the health impacts of walking and bicycling short distances usually traveled by car or driving low-emission automobiles. We measured the change in di…
Land use, transport, and population health
Does More Cycling Mean More Diversity in Cycling?
In low-cycling countries, cycling is not evenly distributed across genders and age groups. In the UK, men are twice as likely as women to cycle to work and cycling tends to be dominated by younger adults. By contrast, in higher cycling countries and cities, gender differences are low, absent, or in the opposite direction. Such places also lack the UK's steady decline in cycling among those aged over 35 years. Over the past fifteen years some UK l…
Can air pollution negate the health benefits of cycling and walking?
Active travel (cycling, walking) is beneficial for the health due to increased physical activity (PA). However, active travel may increase the intake of air pollution, leading to negative health consequences. We examined the risk-benefit balance between active travel related PA and exposure to air pollution across a range of air pollution and PA scenarios. The health effects of active travel and air pollution were estimated through changes in all…
Effect of Attitudinal, Situational and Demographic Factors on Annoyance Due to Environmental Vibration and Noise from Construction of a Light Rapid Transit System
The aim of this paper is to determine what non-exposure factors influence the relationship between vibration and noise exposure from the construction of a Light Rapid Transit (LRT) system and the annoyance of nearby residents. Noise and vibration from construction sites are known to annoy residents, with annoyance increasing as a function of the magnitude of the vibration and noise. There is not a strong correlation between exposure and levels of…
Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes
The global diet and activity research (GDAR) network
Implications of Covid-19 control measures for diet and physical activity, and lessons for addressing other pandemics facing rapidly urbanising countries
At the time of writing, it is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic will play out in rapidly urbanising regions of the world. In these regions, the realities of large overcrowded informal settlements, a high burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases, as well as malnutrition and precarity of livelihoods, have raised added concerns about the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in these contexts. COVID-19 infection control measures have b…
Integrated Impact Assessment of Active Travel
The World Health Organization's Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for walking and cycling is a user-friendly web-based tool to assess the health impacts of active travel. HEAT, developed over 10 years ago, has been used by researchers, planners and policymakers alike in appraisals of walking and cycling policies at both national and more local scales. HEAT has undergone regular upgrades adopting the latest scientific evidence. This article p…
Analysis of Cameroon’s Sectoral Policies on Physical Activity for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention
Physical inactivity is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), urbanisation and sedentary living are rapidly growing in tandem. Increasing active living requires the participation of multiple sectors, yet it is unclear whether physical activity (PA)-relevant sectors in LMICs are prioritising PA. We investigated to what extent sectors that influence PA explicitly integrate it in their policies…
Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Depression
Exploring ways to respond to rising obesity and diabetes in the Caribbean using a system dynamics model
Diabetes and obesity present a high and increasing burden of disease in the Caribbean that have failed to respond to prevention policies and interventions. These conditions are the result of a complex system of drivers and determinants that can make it difficult to predict the impact of interventions. In partnership with stakeholders, we developed a system dynamics simulation model to map the system driving diabetes and obesity prevalence in the …
Physical Activity Behaviour and Comparison of GPAQ and Travel Diary Transport-Related Physical Activity in Accra, Ghana
There is a lack of data on physical activity (PA), active travel, and the comparison of measurement instruments in low-resource settings. The objective of this paper is to describe PA behaviour and the agreement of walking estimates from the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and the travel diary in a low-resource setting. We used a cross-sectional survey design to capture data from the residents of Accra (Ghana) between May 2020 and M…
Socioeconomic and gendered inequities in travel behaviour in Africa
Gender differences in active travel in major cities across the world
There is lack of literature on international comparison of gender differences in the use of active travel modes. We used population-representative travel surveys for 19 major cities across 13 countries and 6 continents, representing a mix of cites from low-and-middle income (n = 8) and high-income countries (n = 11). In all the cities, females are more likely than males to walk and, in most cities, more likely to use public transport. This relati…
Comparing travel behaviour characteristics and correlates between large and small Kenyan cities (Nairobi versus Kisumu)
Understanding urban travel behaviour is crucial for planning healthy and sustainable cities. Africa is urbanising at one of the fastest rates in the world and urgently needs this knowledge. However, the data and literature on urban travel behaviour, their correlates, and their variation across African cities are limited. We aimed to describe and compare travel behaviour characteristics and correlates of two Kenyan cities (Nairobi and Kisumu). We …
Data gaps in transport behavior are bottleneck for tracking progress towards healthy sustainable transport in European cities
Data gaps in transport behavior are bottleneck for tracking progress towards healthy sustainable transport in European cities, Chevance, Guillaume, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Braga, Kaue, Clifton, Kelly, Hoadley, Suzanne, Kaack, Lynn H, Kaiser, Silke K, Lampkowski, Marcelo, Lupu, Iuliana, Radics, Miklós, Velázquez-Cortés, Daniel, Williams, Sarah, Woodcock, James, Tonne, Cathryn
Commentary
Recent advances in data science and urban environmental health research utilise large-scale databases (100s-1000s of cities) to explore the complex interplay of urban characteristics such as city form and size, climate, mobility, exposure, and environmental health impacts. Cities are still hotspots of air pollution and noise, suffer urban heat island effects and lack of green space, which leads to disease and mortality burdens preventable with be…
Effect of 20 mph speed limits on traffic injuries in Edinburgh, UK
INTRODUCTION: There is limited research evaluating 20 mph speed limit interventions, and long-term assessments are seldom conducted either globally or within the UK. This study evaluated the impact of the phased 20 mph speed limit implementation on road traffic collisions and casualties in the City of Edinburgh, UK over approximately 3 years post implementation. METHODS: We used four sets of complementary analyses for collision and casualty rates…
Infrastructure and accessibility implications of implementing x-minute city policies in low-density contexts
Addressing priorities such as health, liveability, and climate resilience, many global governments are exploring x-minute city and x-minute neighbourhood policies. Addressing a lack of operational models for x-minute cities, we developed a model to assess accessibility and utilisation implications of their implementation, testing the model by applying it to the low-density city of Melbourne, Australia, where 20-minute neighbourhood (20MN) policy …
Modelling active travel accessibility at the micro-scale using multi-source built environment data
Accessibility models explore how land use and transport systems interact to facilitate access to activities and daily needs. Existing applications generally model accessibility based on distance or travel time. For pedestrians and cyclists, the street-level environment (e.g., green visibility, streetside amenities, dedicated infrastructure) significantly influences people's willingness and ability to travel. Incorporating these features into acce…
Medicine (15 obras) · Urban Transport and Accessibility (14 obras) · Geography (12 obras) · Environmental health (11 obras) · Engineering (10 obras) · Economics (9 obras) · Business (8 obras) · Transport engineering (8 obras) · Environmental Science (7 obras) · Population (7 obras)