D A Raichlen
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 46999 |
|---|---|
| NOME | D A Raichlen |
| PRENOMES | D A |
| SOBRENOME | Raichlen |
| ASSINATURA | RAICHLEN D A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Arizona |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4940-7886 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 31 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 305 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 31 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2004 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
Nonlinear Associations of Accelerometer-Based Sedentary Time With Cognitive Functions in the UK Biobank
Objectives Device-based sedentary time shows a nonlinear association with incident dementia among older adults. However, associations between sedentary time and cognitive performance have been inconsistent. We examined potential nonlinear associations between sedentary time and performance on cognitive tests among older adults. Methods We used data from the UK Biobank and included 32,875 adults aged 60–79. Sedentary time was estimated from a mach…
Energetic costs of testosterone in two subsistence populations
OBJECTIVE: Testosterone plays a role in mediating energetic trade-offs between growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Investments in a high testosterone phenotype trade-off against other functions, particularly survival-enhancing immune function and cellular repair; thus only individuals in good condition can maintain both a high testosterone phenotype and somatic maintenance. While these effects are observed in experimental manipulations, they a…
Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females
In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits. Energy expenditure could exhibit particularly high greater male variation through a cumulative effect if those traits mostly exhibit greater male variation, or a lack of greater male v…
Energetic and endurance constraints on great ape quadrupedalism and the benefits of hominin bipedalism
Bipedal walking was one of the first key behavioral traits that defined the evolution of early hominins. While it is not possible to identify specific selection pressures underlying bipedal evolution, we can better understand how the adoption of bipedalism may have benefited our hominin ancestors. Here, we focus on how bipedalism relaxes constraints on nonhuman primate quadrupedal limb mechanics, providing key advantages during hominin evolution.…
Gendered movement ecology and landscape use in Hadza hunter-gatherers
Understanding how gendered economic roles structure space use is critical to evolutionary models of foraging behaviour, social organization and cognition. Here, we examine hunter-gatherer spatial behaviour on a very large scale, using GPS devices worn by Hadza foragers to record 2,078 person-days of movement. Theory in movement ecology suggests that the density and mobility of targeted foods should predict spatial behaviour and that strong gender…
High levels of objectively measured physical activity across adolescence and adulthood among the Pokot pastoralists of Kenya
OBJECTIVES: Levels of physical activity (PA) across the lifespan are important predictors of physical fitness, impacting individual health, and longevity. Individuals living in industrialized societies are often characterized as more sedentary than those who live in small-scale societies, and this inactivity is generally linked with increased incidence of chronic disease, especially during aging. However, less empirical data exist regarding level…
Age‐related decline in urine concentration may not be universal
OBJECTIVES: Evidence from industrialized populations suggests that urine concentrating ability declines with age. However, lifestyle factors including episodic protein intake and low hypertension may help explain differences between populations. Whether this age-related decline occurs among small-scale populations with active lifestyles and non-Western diets is unknown. We test the universality of age-related urine concentration decline. MATERIAL…
Physical activity patterns and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in hunter‐gatherers
OBJECTIVES: Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular health, yet few humans living in industrialized societies meet current recommendations (150 min/week). Researchers have long suggested that human physiological requirements for aerobic exercise reflect an evolutionary shift to a hunting and gathering foraging strategy, and a recent transition to more sedentary lifestyles likely represen…
Mechanics of archery among Hadza hunter-gatherers
Ontogenetic changes in limb postures and their impact on effective limb length in baboons ( P apio cynocephalus )
OBJECTIVES: Digitigrade hand and foot postures and extended elbows and knees are considered adaptations to running in cursorial mammals because they increase effective limb lengths (ELLs). However, the relationship between digitigrady and ELL in primates is not well understood. We documented the ontogeny of limb postures in baboons to better understand the function of digitigrady during walking. We hypothesized that the hand and foot would become…
Interpretation of footprints from Site S confirms human-like bipedal biomechanics in Laetoli hominins
Energy expenditure and activity among Hadza hunter‐gatherers
Our results indicate that daily physical activity may not predict TEE within traditional hunter-gatherer populations like the Hadza. Instead, adults with high levels of habitual physical activity may adapt by reducing energy allocation to other physiological activity
An ontogenetic framework linking locomotion and trabecular bone architecture with applications for reconstructing hominin life history
Mutualism and manipulation in Hadza–honeyguide interactions
Bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion in chimpanzees
Muscle force production during bent-knee, bent-hip walking in humans
Hunter-Gatherer Energetics and Human Obesity
Western lifestyles differ markedly from those of our hunter-gatherer ancestors, and these differences in diet and activity level are often implicated in the global obesity pandemic. However, few physiological data for hunter-gatherer populations are available to test these models of obesity. In this study, we used the doubly-labeled water method to measure total daily energy expenditure (kCal/day) in Hadza hunter-gatherers to test whether forager…
Bioenergetic Constraints on Primate Abundance
Calcaneus length determines running economy
Brains, Brawn, and the Evolution of Human Endurance Running Capabilities
Understanding hind limb weight support in chimpanzees with implications for the evolution of primate locomotion
Most quadrupedal mammals support a larger amount of body weight on their forelimbs compared with their hind limbs during locomotion, whereas most primates support more of their body weight on their hind limbs. Increased hind limb weight support is generally interpreted as an adaptation that reduces stress on primates' highly mobile forelimb joints. Thus, increased hind limb weight support was likely vital for the evolution of primate arboreality.…
The metabolic cost of walking in humans, chimpanzees, and early hominins
The Laetoli footprints and early hominin locomotor kinematics
Chimpanzee locomotor energetics and the origin of human bipedalism
Bipedal walking is evident in the earliest hominins [Zollikofer CPE, Ponce de Leon MS, Lieberman DE, Guy F, Pilbeam D, et al. (2005) Nature 434:755–759], but why our unique two-legged gait evolved remains unknown. Here, we analyze walking energetics and biomechanics for adult chimpanzees and humans to investigate the long-standing hypothesis that bipedalism reduced the energy cost of walking compared with our ape-like ancestors [Rodman PS, McHenr…
The evolution of endurance running and the tyranny of ethnography
Bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion in chimpanzees
The metabolic cost of walking in humans, chimpanzees, and early hominins
Calcaneus length determines running economy
Lateral sequence walking in infant Papio cynocephalus
One of the most distinctive aspects of primate quadrupedal walking is the use of diagonal sequence footfalls in combination with diagonal‐couplets interlimb timing. Numerous hypotheses have been offered to explain why primates might have evolved this type of gait, yet this important question remains unresolved. Because infant primates use a wider variety of quadrupedal gaits than do adults, they provide a natural experiment with which to test hyp…
An ontogenetic framework linking locomotion and trabecular bone architecture with applications for reconstructing hominin life history
Understanding hind limb weight support in chimpanzees with implications for the evolution of primate locomotion
Most quadrupedal mammals support a larger amount of body weight on their forelimbs compared with their hind limbs during locomotion, whereas most primates support more of their body weight on their hind limbs. Increased hind limb weight support is generally interpreted as an adaptation that reduces stress on primates' highly mobile forelimb joints. Thus, increased hind limb weight support was likely vital for the evolution of primate arboreality.…
Convergence of forelimb and hindlimb Natural Pendular Period in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and its implication for the evolution of primate quadrupedalism
The patterns of muscle mass distribution along the lengths of limbs may have important effects on the mechanics and energetics of quadrupedalism. Specifically, Myers and Steudel (J. Morphol. 234 (1997) 183) have shown that fore- and hindlimb Natural Pendular Periods (NPPs) may affect quadrupedal kinematics and must converge to reduce locomotor energetic costs. This study quantifies patterns of limb mass distribution in a live sample of Papio cyno…
Ontogeny of limb mass distribution in infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
The evolution of endurance running and the tyranny of ethnography
Effects of limb mass distribution on the ontogeny of quadrupedalism in infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and implications for the evolution of primate quadrupedalism
A response to Cartmill et al
Interpretation of footprints from Site S confirms human-like bipedal biomechanics in Laetoli hominins
Muscle force production during bent-knee, bent-hip walking in humans
Gendered movement ecology and landscape use in Hadza hunter-gatherers
Understanding how gendered economic roles structure space use is critical to evolutionary models of foraging behaviour, social organization and cognition. Here, we examine hunter-gatherer spatial behaviour on a very large scale, using GPS devices worn by Hadza foragers to record 2,078 person-days of movement. Theory in movement ecology suggests that the density and mobility of targeted foods should predict spatial behaviour and that strong gender…
The Laetoli footprints and early hominin locomotor kinematics
Ontogenetic changes in limb postures and their impact on effective limb length in baboons ( P apio cynocephalus )
OBJECTIVES: Digitigrade hand and foot postures and extended elbows and knees are considered adaptations to running in cursorial mammals because they increase effective limb lengths (ELLs). However, the relationship between digitigrady and ELL in primates is not well understood. We documented the ontogeny of limb postures in baboons to better understand the function of digitigrady during walking. We hypothesized that the hand and foot would become…
Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females
In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits. Energy expenditure could exhibit particularly high greater male variation through a cumulative effect if those traits mostly exhibit greater male variation, or a lack of greater male v…
Mechanics of archery among Hadza hunter-gatherers
Age‐related decline in urine concentration may not be universal
OBJECTIVES: Evidence from industrialized populations suggests that urine concentrating ability declines with age. However, lifestyle factors including episodic protein intake and low hypertension may help explain differences between populations. Whether this age-related decline occurs among small-scale populations with active lifestyles and non-Western diets is unknown. We test the universality of age-related urine concentration decline. MATERIAL…
Bioenergetic Constraints on Primate Abundance
Abstracts of AAPA poster and podium presentations
Functional interpretation of limb bone cross-sectional geometry depends upon knowledge of the magnitude and direction of habitual loading. Quantification of bone loading has only been possible using invasive, in vivo strain measurement and a non-invasive alternative is highly desirable. This study presents a new biomechanical model that predicts bone loading conditions from non-invasive 3D kinematic and ground reaction force data. The model has b…
Convergence of forelimb and hindlimb Natural Pendular Period in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and its implication for the evolution of primate quadrupedalism
The patterns of muscle mass distribution along the lengths of limbs may have important effects on the mechanics and energetics of quadrupedalism. Specifically, Myers and Steudel (J. Morphol. 234 (1997) 183) have shown that fore- and hindlimb Natural Pendular Periods (NPPs) may affect quadrupedal kinematics and must converge to reduce locomotor energetic costs. This study quantifies patterns of limb mass distribution in a live sample of Papio cyno…
Abstracts of AAPA poster and podium presentations
Functional interpretation of limb bone cross-sectional geometry depends upon knowledge of the magnitude and direction of habitual loading. Quantification of bone loading has only been possible using invasive, in vivo strain measurement and a non-invasive alternative is highly desirable. This study presents a new biomechanical model that predicts bone loading conditions from non-invasive 3D kinematic and ground reaction force data. The model has b…
Lateral sequence walking in infant Papio cynocephalus
One of the most distinctive aspects of primate quadrupedal walking is the use of diagonal sequence footfalls in combination with diagonal‐couplets interlimb timing. Numerous hypotheses have been offered to explain why primates might have evolved this type of gait, yet this important question remains unresolved. Because infant primates use a wider variety of quadrupedal gaits than do adults, they provide a natural experiment with which to test hyp…
Effects of limb mass distribution on the ontogeny of quadrupedalism in infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and implications for the evolution of primate quadrupedalism
Ontogeny of limb mass distribution in infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
Chimpanzee locomotor energetics and the origin of human bipedalism
Bipedal walking is evident in the earliest hominins [Zollikofer CPE, Ponce de Leon MS, Lieberman DE, Guy F, Pilbeam D, et al. (2005) Nature 434:755–759], but why our unique two-legged gait evolved remains unknown. Here, we analyze walking energetics and biomechanics for adult chimpanzees and humans to investigate the long-standing hypothesis that bipedalism reduced the energy cost of walking compared with our ape-like ancestors [Rodman PS, McHenr…
The evolution of endurance running and the tyranny of ethnography
A response to Cartmill et al
The Laetoli footprints and early hominin locomotor kinematics
Brains, Brawn, and the Evolution of Human Endurance Running Capabilities
Understanding hind limb weight support in chimpanzees with implications for the evolution of primate locomotion
Most quadrupedal mammals support a larger amount of body weight on their forelimbs compared with their hind limbs during locomotion, whereas most primates support more of their body weight on their hind limbs. Increased hind limb weight support is generally interpreted as an adaptation that reduces stress on primates' highly mobile forelimb joints. Thus, increased hind limb weight support was likely vital for the evolution of primate arboreality.…
The metabolic cost of walking in humans, chimpanzees, and early hominins
Bioenergetic Constraints on Primate Abundance
Calcaneus length determines running economy
Hunter-Gatherer Energetics and Human Obesity
Western lifestyles differ markedly from those of our hunter-gatherer ancestors, and these differences in diet and activity level are often implicated in the global obesity pandemic. However, few physiological data for hunter-gatherer populations are available to test these models of obesity. In this study, we used the doubly-labeled water method to measure total daily energy expenditure (kCal/day) in Hadza hunter-gatherers to test whether forager…
Muscle force production during bent-knee, bent-hip walking in humans
Mutualism and manipulation in Hadza–honeyguide interactions
Bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion in chimpanzees
Energy expenditure and activity among Hadza hunter‐gatherers
Our results indicate that daily physical activity may not predict TEE within traditional hunter-gatherer populations like the Hadza. Instead, adults with high levels of habitual physical activity may adapt by reducing energy allocation to other physiological activity
An ontogenetic framework linking locomotion and trabecular bone architecture with applications for reconstructing hominin life history
Physical activity patterns and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in hunter‐gatherers
OBJECTIVES: Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular health, yet few humans living in industrialized societies meet current recommendations (150 min/week). Researchers have long suggested that human physiological requirements for aerobic exercise reflect an evolutionary shift to a hunting and gathering foraging strategy, and a recent transition to more sedentary lifestyles likely represen…
Mechanics of archery among Hadza hunter-gatherers
Ontogenetic changes in limb postures and their impact on effective limb length in baboons ( P apio cynocephalus )
OBJECTIVES: Digitigrade hand and foot postures and extended elbows and knees are considered adaptations to running in cursorial mammals because they increase effective limb lengths (ELLs). However, the relationship between digitigrady and ELL in primates is not well understood. We documented the ontogeny of limb postures in baboons to better understand the function of digitigrady during walking. We hypothesized that the hand and foot would become…
Interpretation of footprints from Site S confirms human-like bipedal biomechanics in Laetoli hominins
High levels of objectively measured physical activity across adolescence and adulthood among the Pokot pastoralists of Kenya
OBJECTIVES: Levels of physical activity (PA) across the lifespan are important predictors of physical fitness, impacting individual health, and longevity. Individuals living in industrialized societies are often characterized as more sedentary than those who live in small-scale societies, and this inactivity is generally linked with increased incidence of chronic disease, especially during aging. However, less empirical data exist regarding level…
Biology (24 obras) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (22 obras) · Medicine (19 obras) · Anatomy (15 obras) · Anatomy (13 obras) · Physical medicine and rehabilitation (12 obras) · Ecology (10 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (10 obras) · Ecology (9 obras) · Primate (9 obras)