L K Waters
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4976179 |
|---|---|
| NOME | L K Waters |
| PRENOMES | L K |
| SOBRENOME | Waters |
| ASSINATURA | WATERS L K |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Ohio University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 38 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 0 |
| OBRAS COMO AUTOR | 38 |
| OBRAS COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1967 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1991 |
| ÍNDICE H | 0 |
The Construct Validity of Four Protestant Ethic Attitude Scales
The six subscales of the Survey of Work Values, the Protestant Ethic Scale, and the pro- and nonProtestant Ethic Scales were intercorrelated for a sample of 152 college students. Compared to those scores obtained 15 years earlier, the current data yielded comparable internal-consistency estimates of reliability and a similar pattern of relationships among the scales. However, mean scores on the scales were significantly higher for the current sam…
Convergent Validity of Scales Measuring Computer-Related Attitudes
The present study examined the convergent validity of seven computer-related attitude scales published between 1982 and 1987. A total of 95 male and 119 female undergraduate students were given the computer attitude scales in randomized order. The correlations among five of these global measures of computer-related attitudes provided strong evidence for convergent validity. There was also support for a differentiation between cognitive and affect…
Correlates of Need for Cognition Total and Subscale Scores
In two samples, the total 34-item Need for Cognition scale (Cacioppo and Petty, 1982) and three subscales identified by Tanaka, Panter, and Winborne (1988) were intercorrelated and, in Study 1, correlated with gender, sex-role orientation, composite ACT, and cumulative grade point average. Coefficient alpha reliability estimates were consistent with previously reported values. The inter-correlations among the three subscales were generally in the…
Measuring Attitudes toward Statistics in an Introductory Course on Statistics
The 1980 Statistics Attitude Survey of Roberts and Bilderback was administered to 237 students in 8 sections of a freshman introductory course on statistics at both the beginning and the end of the course. Reliability estimates, means, standard deviations, correlations with course grade, and changes in attitudes were very similar to those reported by Roberts and Saxe in 1982 for upper-level students also taking an introductory course. No sex diff…
The Police Stress Survey
The 1981 Police Stress Survey of Spielberger, Westbury, Grier, and Greenfield was administered to 99 metropolitan and suburban police officers. Internal consistency reliabilities were in the .90s for both the total scale and two subscales which measure administrative/organizational and physical/psychological stressors. The administrative/organizational, but not the physical/psychological, subscale was significantly related to measures of job sati…
Attitudes toward Statistics
The two subscales of the Attitude Toward Statistics scale (Wise, 1985), Attitude Toward the Field and Attitude Toward Course, were administered on the first and last day of class, and the Statistics Attitude Survey (Roberts and Bilderback, 1980) on the last day of class to 302 students in ten sections of an undergraduate introductory statistics course. The scales were reliable measures of students' attitudes toward statistics, were essentially un…
Factor Analyses of Two Measures of Attitudes toward Statistics
Principal components analyses were conducted on the combined items of the Statistics Attitude Survey (SAS; Roberts and Bilderback, 1980) and the Attitude Toward Statistics scale (ATS; Wise, 1985) for a sample of 307 students in sections of an introductory statistics course who had taken the scales at the beginning of the course, and for a second sample of 242 students who had taken the scales at the end of the same statistics course. Two oblique …
Convergent Validity of Five Locus of Control Scales
Coefficient alpha reliability estimates and interscale correlations were obtained for five locus of control scales for a sample of 131 male and 136 female college students. Only four scales or sub-scales emphasizing all, or in part, fate or chance orientation and items reflecting control over political institutions showed evidence for convergent validity
Congruent Validity of the Personal Reaction Scale
Effects of Type of Comparative Advertisement on Responses to the Advertisement and the Advertised Product
The effects of four types of comparative advertisements, based on Shimp's 1975 typology, on multiple advertisement-related and product-related responses for two product classes and two levels of brand visibility were examined. Groups of 20 college students each read one type of comparative advertisement for one combination of product class and brand visibility as part of a booklet containing general interest articles and other noncomparative adve…
Factor Analysis of Sex-Typed Items from the Bem Sex-Role Inventory
Replications of two factor analyses of the Bern Sex-role Inventory published in the 1970s were conducted for two samples of college students ( Ns = 362 and 267). Four factors, which were almost identical to those of the previous analyses, were obtained in each sample. One of the factors essentially represented the sex of the respondent. A second factor, representing an expressive, affective orientation, contained loadings of about half of the fem…
Predicting University Attrition
A previous study by Edwards and Waters (1982) was replicated and extended by incorporating a personal needs/college climate discrepancy index and a voluntary/nonvoluntary attrition break-down. A seven quarter follow-up of 197 freshmen revealed the following outcomes: 1. First quarter grade point average and satisfaction with the nonacademic part of college combined to predict undifferentiated attrition (multiple correlation being .32)—a result wh…
Effect of Rating Inconsistency on Mixed Standard Scales
To investigate possible differential effects of consistent and inconsistent ratings, 100 college students rated their instructors on 7 dimensions using a mixed-standard scale format. Dimensional means for consistent ratings were generally higher than those for inconsistent ratings. Consistent ratings were also more strongly related to an over-all evaluation of the instructor. It was recommended that more attention be given the freqency of inconsi…
Involvement, Ability, Performance, and Satisfaction as Predictors of College Attrition
Measures of academic job involvement, verbal ability, academic performance, and satisfaction with courses and with college in general, obtained for 155 students during the freshman year, were correlated with attrition on a two-year follow-up. The two significant predictors of attrition, grade point average during the fresh-man year and satisfaction with college in general, combined to yield a multiple correlation of .42 ( P
Moderating Effect of Achievement Motivation and Locus of Control on the Relationship Between Academic Ability and Academic Performance
The relationship between ability and grade point average was examined for the moderating effects of achievement motivation and locus of control for 223 college students. When median splits in distributions of scores on measures of achievement motivation and internal-external locus of control were used, a significant difference was found between resulting high and low achievement motivation groups; no difference was present between high (internal)…
Relationships of Locus of Control To Academic Ability, Academic Performance, and Performance-Related Attributions
For 223 college students, scores on the Rotter (1966) I-E scale were correlated with scores on the verbal subtest of the College Qualification Test, cumulative grade point average, and attributions of performance to ability, effort, course difficulty, and luck. The I-E scores were unrelated to either verbal ability or grade point average. Students exibiting and external orientation attributed their performance more to luck than did students displ…
Relationship of Academic Job Involvement to Biographical Data, Personal Characteristics, and Academic Performance
A job involvement measure adapted to reflect course involvement was related to biographical data, ability and personality characteristics, and academic performance and satisfaction for a sample of 223 college students. Academic job involvement was unrelated to age, sex, class rank, and tested verbal ability. However, involvement was significantly and positively related to the personality characteristics of resultant achievement motivation, locus …
Occupational Interest and Perceived Personal Success
Ratings of interest and perceived personal success in the masculine stereotyped occupation of lawyer were obtained from 112 male and 112 female college students in a 2 (sex of respondent) × 4 (percentage of females projected to be in the occupation) × 3 (sex-role orientation) design. Analyses indicated (a) the manipulation of percentage of females influenced occupational interest for male students and (b) sex-role orientation influenced interest …
Academic Job Involvement
For a sample of 223 college students, scales reflecting two approaches to measuring “academic job involvement” were correlated with each other and with measures of verbal ability, personality characteristics, academic performance, and course satisfaction. The two approaches to measuring academic job involvement were an adaptation of the Lodahl and Kejner job involvement scale and two semantic differential scales. The Lodahl and Kejner and semanti…
Leniency and Halo in Student Ratings of College Instructors
Nine college instructors were rated by their students on five performance dimensions. Randomized thirds of each class used either standard graphic, behaviorally anchored, or mixed standard scales to make their ratings. Analyses of the ratings indicated (a) somewhat less positive leniency when the mixed standard scales were used rather than the graphic or behaviorally anchored rating scales, (b) generally lower interdimension correlations for rati…
Factor Analysis of Sex-Typed Items from the Bem Sex-Role Inventory
Based on the responses of 118 male and 79 female college students, a factor analysis of the 40 sex-typed items from the Bem Sex-role Inventory and sex of respondent yielded four factors which were almost identical to those reported by Waters, Waters, and Pincus (1977). One of the factors essentially represented the gender of the respondent. A second factor representing an expressive, affective orientation was defined by feminine sex-typed items. …
Relationships between Sex-Role Orientation and Attitudes toward Women as Managers
The relationship between attitudes toward women performing in managerial roles and sex-role orientation was examined by correlating scores on subscales of the Women as Managers Scale with scores derived from the Bern Sex-role Inventory within homogeneous biological sex samples of 117 males and 222 females. Within each sex sample there were modest, but significant, relationships between sex-role orientation and attitudes toward women as managers; …
Factor Analysis of Masculine and Feminine Sex-Typed Items from the Bem Sex-Role Inventory
Based on the responses of 252 (126 male, 126 female) college undergraduates, a factor analysis of the 40 sex-typed items from the Bern Sex-role Inventory and sex of respondent yielded four factors. One of the factors essentially represented the biological sex of the respondent. A second factor, representing an expressive, affective orientation, contained loadings of 14 of the 20 feminine sex-typed items. The other two factors (dominant, aggressiv…
Novelty and Sensation Seeking in Two Academic Training Settings
Subscale scores on the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) and the Novelty Experiencing Scale (NES), scores on a social desirability scale and on two ability tests, and academic course grades were obtained for a sample of 275 pre-flight students. Data from 172 college males of the same age range (Waters, 1974) provided comparisons between college and pre-flight students. The preflight students, as compared to college males, scored higher on External Se…
Two Measures of Resultant Achievement Motivation
The Mehrabian and Hermans scales of resultant achievement motivation were correlated with each other and with cumulative grade point average for three samples of lower division college males. In each sample, the two scales were significantly, but not highly, correlated (average r = .31). The Hermans scale was consistently related to grade point average across samples. Significantly more accurate predictions of academic performance were obtained f…
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Effect of Perceived Scoring Formula On Some Aspects of Test Performance
Stimulus-Seeking Motivation and Risk-Taking Behavior in a Gambling Situation
Relationships Between a Measure of "Sensation-Seeking" and Personal Preference Schedule Need Scales
The Utility of Importance Weights in Predicting Overall Job Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction
Effect of Number of Alternatives and Scoring Instructions on Examinees' Reactions to Multiple-Choice Tests
Reactions of examinees to 2 scoring instructions were evaluated for 2-, 3-, and 5-alternative multiple-choice items. Examinees were more favorable toward the “reward for omitted items” than the “penalty for wrongs” instructions across all numbers of item alternatives
Comparison of Unweighted and Importance-Weighted Job Satisfaction Measures for Three Samples of Female Office Workers
Multiplicative importance-weighted and unweighted composites of job-satisfaction components were correlated with separate measures of over-all job attitudes and a termination criterion. In no case did the use of weighting for importance result in higher correlations with criteria than the use of raw-score unit weights
Self-Esteem as a Moderator of the Relationship between Task-Success and Task-Liking
The relationship between task-success and task-liking was higher for college students with high self-esteem ( n = 54) than for a group with low self-esteem ( n = 55). These results were discussed in relation to previous data
Locus of Control and Achievement Motivation As Moderators of the Expectancy-Academic Performance Relationship
Further Correlational Analyses of Five Versions of Two-Factor Theory of Job Satisfaction
5 versions of the two-factor theory of job satisfaction were tested for a sample of male radio/TV employees. No support was found for any of the versions of the theory. Two trends in the data, greater saliency of the intrinsic job-facets and greater predictability of over-all satisfaction, seemed to account largely for the results. These trends, previously noted by Hulin and Waters (1971) and Waters and Waters (1972), are more consistent with tra…
Relation between Importance Ratings and Two Parts of the Porter Need Satisfaction Questionnaire
Responses of 101 male managerial personnel, 130 nonsupervisory female clerical workers, and 104 female clerical employees of a university to a job questionnaire showed importance was related to “should be” responses for women and men, and to “is there” for women only. rs with importance ratings were larger for the former responses
Protestant Ethic Attitudes Among College Students
The six scales of the Survey of Work Values (Wollack, Goodale, Wijting, and Smith, 1971), the Blood (1969) pro-Protestant Ethic scale, and the Protestant Ethic scale of Mirels and Garrett (1971) were intercorrelated, and each scale was correlated with Rotter's I/E scale, SAT total score, and cumulative grade point average for 170 college students. A factor analysis of the Protestant Ethic scales yielded two factors which were interpreted, on the …
Novelty and Sensation Seeking in Two Academic Training Settings
Subscale scores on the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) and the Novelty Experiencing Scale (NES), scores on a social desirability scale and on two ability tests, and academic course grades were obtained for a sample of 275 pre-flight students. Data from 172 college males of the same age range (Waters, 1974) provided comparisons between college and pre-flight students. The preflight students, as compared to college males, scored higher on External Se…
Two Measures of Resultant Achievement Motivation
The Mehrabian and Hermans scales of resultant achievement motivation were correlated with each other and with cumulative grade point average for three samples of lower division college males. In each sample, the two scales were significantly, but not highly, correlated (average r = .31). The Hermans scale was consistently related to grade point average across samples. Significantly more accurate predictions of academic performance were obtained f…
Managerial Role-Job Attitude Relationships
Two operationally different approaches to measuring job satisfaction were used to discriminate among groups of higher-level line managers, lower-level line managers, and managerial-level technical/specialty personnel. Using the need deficiency measure of satisfaction, no linear combinations of subscores significantly discriminated among the groups. When the Job Descriptive Index was used to measure satisfaction, two discriminant functions separat…
Effect of Age Restrictions and Pornographic Content on Desirability of Reading Material
Evaluation of reading materials by 96 male and 96 female subjects under 21 yr. of age was investigated for combinations of age restriction and pornographic content. Information purportedly from a book's cover indicated the book was pornographic to half the subjects and that the purchase of the book was restricted to those 21 yr. and older for half of the subjects. Combinations of pornographic content (indicated, not indicated) and age restriction…
Factor Analysis of Masculine and Feminine Sex-Typed Items from the Bem Sex-Role Inventory
Based on the responses of 252 (126 male, 126 female) college undergraduates, a factor analysis of the 40 sex-typed items from the Bern Sex-role Inventory and sex of respondent yielded four factors. One of the factors essentially represented the biological sex of the respondent. A second factor, representing an expressive, affective orientation, contained loadings of 14 of the 20 feminine sex-typed items. The other two factors (dominant, aggressiv…
Leniency and Halo in Student Ratings of College Instructors
Nine college instructors were rated by their students on five performance dimensions. Randomized thirds of each class used either standard graphic, behaviorally anchored, or mixed standard scales to make their ratings. Analyses of the ratings indicated (a) somewhat less positive leniency when the mixed standard scales were used rather than the graphic or behaviorally anchored rating scales, (b) generally lower interdimension correlations for rati…
Factor Analysis of Sex-Typed Items from the Bem Sex-Role Inventory
Based on the responses of 118 male and 79 female college students, a factor analysis of the 40 sex-typed items from the Bem Sex-role Inventory and sex of respondent yielded four factors which were almost identical to those reported by Waters, Waters, and Pincus (1977). One of the factors essentially represented the gender of the respondent. A second factor representing an expressive, affective orientation was defined by feminine sex-typed items. …
Relationships between Sex-Role Orientation and Attitudes toward Women as Managers
The relationship between attitudes toward women performing in managerial roles and sex-role orientation was examined by correlating scores on subscales of the Women as Managers Scale with scores derived from the Bern Sex-role Inventory within homogeneous biological sex samples of 117 males and 222 females. Within each sex sample there were modest, but significant, relationships between sex-role orientation and attitudes toward women as managers; …
Relationship of Academic Job Involvement to Biographical Data, Personal Characteristics, and Academic Performance
A job involvement measure adapted to reflect course involvement was related to biographical data, ability and personality characteristics, and academic performance and satisfaction for a sample of 223 college students. Academic job involvement was unrelated to age, sex, class rank, and tested verbal ability. However, involvement was significantly and positively related to the personality characteristics of resultant achievement motivation, locus …
Occupational Interest and Perceived Personal Success
Ratings of interest and perceived personal success in the masculine stereotyped occupation of lawyer were obtained from 112 male and 112 female college students in a 2 (sex of respondent) × 4 (percentage of females projected to be in the occupation) × 3 (sex-role orientation) design. Analyses indicated (a) the manipulation of percentage of females influenced occupational interest for male students and (b) sex-role orientation influenced interest …
Academic Job Involvement
For a sample of 223 college students, scales reflecting two approaches to measuring “academic job involvement” were correlated with each other and with measures of verbal ability, personality characteristics, academic performance, and course satisfaction. The two approaches to measuring academic job involvement were an adaptation of the Lodahl and Kejner job involvement scale and two semantic differential scales. The Lodahl and Kejner and semanti…
Moderating Effect of Achievement Motivation and Locus of Control on the Relationship Between Academic Ability and Academic Performance
The relationship between ability and grade point average was examined for the moderating effects of achievement motivation and locus of control for 223 college students. When median splits in distributions of scores on measures of achievement motivation and internal-external locus of control were used, a significant difference was found between resulting high and low achievement motivation groups; no difference was present between high (internal)…
Relationships of Locus of Control To Academic Ability, Academic Performance, and Performance-Related Attributions
For 223 college students, scores on the Rotter (1966) I-E scale were correlated with scores on the verbal subtest of the College Qualification Test, cumulative grade point average, and attributions of performance to ability, effort, course difficulty, and luck. The I-E scores were unrelated to either verbal ability or grade point average. Students exibiting and external orientation attributed their performance more to luck than did students displ…
Involvement, Ability, Performance, and Satisfaction as Predictors of College Attrition
Measures of academic job involvement, verbal ability, academic performance, and satisfaction with courses and with college in general, obtained for 155 students during the freshman year, were correlated with attrition on a two-year follow-up. The two significant predictors of attrition, grade point average during the fresh-man year and satisfaction with college in general, combined to yield a multiple correlation of .42 ( P
Psychology (38 obras) · Social Psychology (34 obras) · Developmental psychology (20 obras) · Mathematics (19 obras) · Statistics (18 obras) · Social Psychology (16 obras) · Scale (ratio) (10 obras) · Job satisfaction (9 obras) · Clinical Psychology (8 obras) · Geography (8 obras)