James Howard-Johnston
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 528517 |
|---|---|
| NOME | James Howard-Johnston |
| PRENOMES | James |
| SOBRENOME | Howard-Johnston |
| ASSINATURA | HOWARD-JOHNSTON J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Oxford |
| ORCID | 0009-0003-3700-4208 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 37 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 88 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 38 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1987 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
East Rome, Sasanian Persia and the End of Antiquity
The last, longest and most damaging of the wars fought between East Rome and Sasanian Persia (603-628) brought the classical phase of west Eurasian history to a dramatic close. Despite its evident significance, not least as the distant setting for Muhammad's prophetic mission, this last great war of antiquity attracted comparatively little scholarly attention until the last decades of the twentieth century. James Howard-Johnston's contributions t…
The Official History of Heraclius' Persian Campaigns
Heraclius' Persian Campaigns and the Revival of the East Roman Empire, 622-630
The Two Great Powers in Late Antiquity
THIS PAPER presents some provisional conclusions reached by an outsider who has made a number of forays into the history of the Sasanian empire, Rome&s;s great eastern rival in late antiquity. Much of the expertise which ideally should underlie such a paper - knowledge of Pahlavi and Arabic, archaeological training, and wide-ranging travels over Iran which alone can give the historian of institutions, policy-making and policy-outcomes a real unde…
Nadine Viermann
Rus and Khazars
The southern thrust of the Rus in the ninth–tenth centuries is to be explained not only by Viking hunger for wealth and glory, but also by the large, rapidly growing market for furs in the Caliphate. In order to reach that market, the Rus had to cross the Khazars’ sphere of influence in the steppes and wooded steppes of the Volga and Don regions. The khaganate was a great power, which presided over many client peoples. It was perhaps awareness of…
The Coming of the Arabs to Iran
The Two Great Powers in Late Antiquity
THIS PAPER presents some provisional conclusions reached by an outsider who has made a number of forays into the history of the Sasanian empire, Rome's great eastern rival in late antiquity. Much of the expertise which ideally should underlie such a paper - knowledge of Pahlavi and Arabic, archaeological training, and wide-ranging travels over Iran which alone can give the historian of institutions, policy-making and policy-outcomes a real unders…
The Last Great War of Antiquity
This book fills a gaping hole in the history of warfare. The conflict lasted twenty-five years (spring 603–late winter 628). It was on an unprecedented scale, ideologically charged, fought along the full length of the Persian-Roman frontier, and drawing in the great powers of the steppe world. It brought the classical phase of history to a close and ushered in a new Islamic era. There was drama aplenty, culminating in the final, forlorn counterof…
Last Great War of Antiquity
The Difficult Road to Peace
The news of Khusro’s fall finally reached Heraclius on 3 April 628, marking the end of the war. There followed two years of negotiations with three successive Persian regimes. The threat from the Turks strengthened the Roman position until their sudden disappearance in 629. Under the terms finally agreed with Khusro’s daughter Boran, the Persians disgorged all his conquests and accepted the pre-war frontier. Victory was celebrated in Constantinop…
Heraclius’ First Counteroffensive
The second decisive moment of the war came in 624, when Heraclius sent off a diplomatic mission to the khagan of the Turks in central Asia and himself led a small, hardened expeditionary force deep into Transcaucasia and beyond. Speed of movement and surprise played key parts in the series of victories he won over pursuing armies in 625, after disrupting Khusro’s mobilization and sacking the fire temple of Adur Gushnasp at modern Takht-I Sulaiman…
Climax of the War
The initiative swung back to the Persians in 626. Two Persian armies attacked, Shahrbaraz driving Heraclius from Lake Van back to the Anatolian plateau, Shahen advancing across Transcaucasia. Shahrbaraz pressed on to the Bosporus, for a planned joint attack with the Avars on Constantinople. In the event, the Persian contingent was intercepted on the Bosporus, which left siege operations entirely in Avar hands. The huge host which they had assembl…
Conclusion
News about the war and its outcome percolated into the surrounding world, with dramatic effect in the Far East and Arabia. Explanations for Persian success and Roman resilience in the first two phases are not hard to find (in the spheres of material and ideological resources), but the sudden reversal of fortunes in the 620s is more problematic. Persian overstretch and war-weariness, brought to a head when the Turks intervened in the north, were a…
The Two Great Powers in Late Antiquity
The India Trade in Late Antiquity
Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400–800 AD), by Leif Inge Ree Petersen
Rare indeed is the young historian who is ready to range over several centuries and probe several cultures, when most of his contemporaries are hunkering down to look closely at small, carefully delineated topics, often as members of project-oriented research teams. Leif Petersen is indeed wonderfully anomalous in the early twenty-first century. He sets out to document what is reported of siege operations across the whole west Eurasian world in l…
A Critical Commentary on the Taktika of Leo VI, by John Haldon
Very few states have been as militarised as was Byzantium in the early Middle Ages. Faced by all manner of adversaries on land and sea—the most formidable being the new world empire of Islam—the institutions of government and the whole social order were geared to the waging of defensive war. Three of the greatest achievements of this beleaguered rump of the Roman empire in the Middle East were, firstly, its ideological recovery, in the later 650s…
The Emperor Theophilos and the East, 829–842
Byzantium began to emerge from an era of grim, defensive warfare in the 820s. It was still a highly militarised state but was now ready to discard guerrilla methods for a more conventional style of combat. There were signs of revival in the economic and cultural fields. All of this was despite the political instability caused by the rebellion of Thomas the Slav in the early 820s and the damage inflicted on Byzantine resources by the disastrous Bu…
Before and After Muhammad
Time moves incessantly and in one direction only. The present—in theory a moment of no extension, in practice (for the individual human being) a small section of subjective experience—is for ever on its way between past and future. The line of movement may be envisaged as reciprocating in a more or less rhythmic pattern—as in the Zoroastrian dualistic world-view according to which the forces of darkness confront those of light, jostling intermedi…
The Sasanian state
Iran and surrounding territories were moulded into a strong state in the Sasanian period, i.e. an institutionally developed political entity, managed from an imperial centre. Leaving aside the testimony of clay sealings for different branches of provincial administration and of campaigns for military capability, incontrovertible evidence for the existence of a governmental system with effective outreach and downreach is provided by military const…
Central Asia in World History, by Peter B. Golden
Forty-nine years ago William H. McNeill published The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community, a work praised to the skies both by Arnold Toynbee and by his severest critic, Hugh Trevor-Roper. Central Asia played a major part in McNeill’s world view, in particular during the two-millennia-long middle phase of human history from around 500 BC to the beginning of the gunpowder age. For that was the era of lowering nomad power. Large forc…
Military Infrastructure in the Roman Provinces North and South of the Armenian Taurus in Late Antiquity
Rome’s eastern defences were re-modelled and extended from the 3rd c. to cope with the enhanced power of Persia under the Sassanian dynasty. There were four main phases of development—under the Tetrarchate, in the 4th, early 6th and later 6th c. A.D. The defensive system was well adapted to the terrain, with several distinct components: fortified cities, fortresses, forts, fortified highland redoubts, defended passes, support and lateral roads. A…
John of Nikiu
John of Nikiu was a high‐ranking churchman in Egypt in the second half of the seventh century. He wrote a world chronicle, centered upon Egypt, and brought it down close to his own time. It has only survived in an Ethiopic translation.
The Late Sasanian Army
The Armenian History attributed to Sebeos
The History attributed to Sebeos is one of the major works of early Armenian historiography. Although anonymous, it was written in the middle of the seventh century, a time when comparable chronicles in Greek and Syriac are sparse. Sebeos traces the fortunes of Armenia in the sixth and seventh centuries within the broader framework of the Byzantine-Sasanian conflict. Comprising two volumes, part 1 (240 pages) is the translation and notes followed…
Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents
Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents (Vols. 1 to 5). Edited by JOHN THOMAS and ANGELA CONSTANTINIDES HERO (Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library, 2000; pp. xlix + 2021. N.p.). RELIGION and ideology defined Byzantium's identity and its role, in theory a directing one, in the wider world. It is hard to conceive that this most Roman of the sub-Roman successor states of the Late Antique empire would have resisted the manifold threats to …
The Sasanian state
Iran and surrounding territories were moulded into a strong state in the Sasanian period, i.e. an institutionally developed political entity, managed from an imperial centre. Leaving aside the testimony of clay sealings for different branches of provincial administration and of campaigns for military capability, incontrovertible evidence for the existence of a governmental system with effective outreach and downreach is provided by military const…
Heraclius' Persian Campaigns and the Revival of the East Roman Empire, 622-630
Anna Komnene and Her Times
1Corpus Christi College, Oxford Anna Komnene and Her Times ThaliaGouma‐Peterson New YorkGarland 2000xiv + 193Paperback£15.99
Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era (ca. 680-850)
Journal Article Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era (ca. 680–850): The Sources Get access James Howard‐Johnston James Howard‐Johnston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 118, Issue 477, June 2003, Pages 746–747, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/118.477.746 Published: 01 June 2003
Shorter Notices
Journal Article Shorter Notices Get access JAMES HOWARD-JOHNSTON JAMES HOWARD-JOHNSTON Corpus Christi CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CII, Issue CCCCIV, July 1987, Pages 708–709, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CII.CCCCIV.708 Published: 01 July 1987
Shorter Notices
Journal Article SHORTER NOTICES Get access JAMES HOWARD-JOHNSTON JAMES HOWARD-JOHNSTON Corpus Christi CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CX, Issue 438, September 1995, Pages 963–964, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CX.438.963 Published: 01 September 1995
Heraclius’ Persian Campaignsand the Revival of the EastRoman Empire, 622–630
Heraclius' Persian Campaigns and the Revival of the East Roman Empire, 622-630
The Armenian History attributed to Sebeos
The History attributed to Sebeos is one of the major works of early Armenian historiography. Although anonymous, it was written in the middle of the seventh century, a time when comparable chronicles in Greek and Syriac are sparse. Sebeos traces the fortunes of Armenia in the sixth and seventh centuries within the broader framework of the Byzantine-Sasanian conflict. Comprising two volumes, part 1 (240 pages) is the translation and notes followed…
The education and expertise of Procopius
Après une prise de position sur la date de composition des Édifices (ouvrage laissé inachevé par la mort de Procope en 553), l'auteur s'intéresse aux interventions personnelles de Procope dans son récit des Guerres, exercées dans les domaines du renseignement, des approvisionnements et de la tactique. L'indifférence de Procope à la stratégie fait penser qu'il n'était pas présent aux côtés de Bélisaire en qualité d'officier d'état-major. La pauvre…
The cult of saints in late antiquity and the middle ages
1. INTRODUCTION 2. On Defining the Holy Man 3. Asceticism and Paideia: Time for Another Function? 4. 'FOR NEXT TO GOD, YOU ARE MY SALVATION': REFLECTIONS ON THE RISE OF THE HOLY MAN IN LATE ANTIQUITY 5. 'What we heard in the Lives of the Saints we have Seen with Our Own Eyes': The Holy Man as Literary Text in Tenth-Century Constantinople 6. DE-MYSTIFYING THE ROLE OF SANCTITY IN WESTERN CHRISTENDOM 7. The Origins of the Carolingian Attempt to Regu…
Byzantium
1Corpus Christi College, Oxford Byzantium: A History JohnHaldon StroudTempus 2000192£19.99
The Land Legislation of the Macedonian Emperors
Journal Article The Land Legislation of the Macedonian Emperors Get access James Howard‐Johnston James Howard‐Johnston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 117, Issue 470, February 2002, Pages 151–152, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/117.470.151 Published: 01 February 2002
Anna Komnene and Her Times
1Corpus Christi College, Oxford Anna Komnene and Her Times ThaliaGouma‐Peterson New YorkGarland 2000xiv + 193Paperback£15.99
Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era (ca. 680-850)
Journal Article Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era (ca. 680–850): The Sources Get access James Howard‐Johnston James Howard‐Johnston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 118, Issue 477, June 2003, Pages 746–747, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/118.477.746 Published: 01 June 2003
Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents
Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents (Vols. 1 to 5). Edited by JOHN THOMAS and ANGELA CONSTANTINIDES HERO (Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library, 2000; pp. xlix + 2021. N.p.). RELIGION and ideology defined Byzantium's identity and its role, in theory a directing one, in the wider world. It is hard to conceive that this most Roman of the sub-Roman successor states of the Late Antique empire would have resisted the manifold threats to …
Byzantine sources for Khazar history
The Khazars built up their authority in the middle years of seventh century in the steppes north of the Caucasus. This chapter looks at Byzantine sources for a steady flow of information about the Khazars, throughout the three centuries of the khaganate's existence. One of the most striking features of early medieval Byzantium was a sudden, drastic historiographical decline in the middle of the seventh century. For the next three centuries, infor…
Witnesses to a World Crisis
The principal witnesses to the rise of Islam are examined, first contemporary and near‐contemporary non‐Muslims, then later writers with access to good sources of information, and finally the canonical Islamic accounts. As information is extracted from each successive witness, the extraordinary history of the seventh century in the Middle East—the human equivalent of the Big Bang—is gradually pieced together. Key events are securely dated for the…
John of Nikiu
John of Nikiu was a high‐ranking churchman in Egypt in the second half of the seventh century. He wrote a world chronicle, centered upon Egypt, and brought it down close to his own time. It has only survived in an Ethiopic translation.
The Late Sasanian Army
Central Asia in World History, by Peter B. Golden
Forty-nine years ago William H. McNeill published The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community, a work praised to the skies both by Arnold Toynbee and by his severest critic, Hugh Trevor-Roper. Central Asia played a major part in McNeill’s world view, in particular during the two-millennia-long middle phase of human history from around 500 BC to the beginning of the gunpowder age. For that was the era of lowering nomad power. Large forc…
Military Infrastructure in the Roman Provinces North and South of the Armenian Taurus in Late Antiquity
Rome’s eastern defences were re-modelled and extended from the 3rd c. to cope with the enhanced power of Persia under the Sassanian dynasty. There were four main phases of development—under the Tetrarchate, in the 4th, early 6th and later 6th c. A.D. The defensive system was well adapted to the terrain, with several distinct components: fortified cities, fortresses, forts, fortified highland redoubts, defended passes, support and lateral roads. A…
The Sasanian state
Iran and surrounding territories were moulded into a strong state in the Sasanian period, i.e. an institutionally developed political entity, managed from an imperial centre. Leaving aside the testimony of clay sealings for different branches of provincial administration and of campaigns for military capability, incontrovertible evidence for the existence of a governmental system with effective outreach and downreach is provided by military const…
Before and After Muhammad
Time moves incessantly and in one direction only. The present—in theory a moment of no extension, in practice (for the individual human being) a small section of subjective experience—is for ever on its way between past and future. The line of movement may be envisaged as reciprocating in a more or less rhythmic pattern—as in the Zoroastrian dualistic world-view according to which the forces of darkness confront those of light, jostling intermedi…
Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400–800 AD), by Leif Inge Ree Petersen
Rare indeed is the young historian who is ready to range over several centuries and probe several cultures, when most of his contemporaries are hunkering down to look closely at small, carefully delineated topics, often as members of project-oriented research teams. Leif Petersen is indeed wonderfully anomalous in the early twenty-first century. He sets out to document what is reported of siege operations across the whole west Eurasian world in l…
A Critical Commentary on the Taktika of Leo VI, by John Haldon
Very few states have been as militarised as was Byzantium in the early Middle Ages. Faced by all manner of adversaries on land and sea—the most formidable being the new world empire of Islam—the institutions of government and the whole social order were geared to the waging of defensive war. Three of the greatest achievements of this beleaguered rump of the Roman empire in the Middle East were, firstly, its ideological recovery, in the later 650s…
The Emperor Theophilos and the East, 829–842
Byzantium began to emerge from an era of grim, defensive warfare in the 820s. It was still a highly militarised state but was now ready to discard guerrilla methods for a more conventional style of combat. There were signs of revival in the economic and cultural fields. All of this was despite the political instability caused by the rebellion of Thomas the Slav in the early 820s and the damage inflicted on Byzantine resources by the disastrous Bu…
The India Trade in Late Antiquity
The Two Great Powers in Late Antiquity
THIS PAPER presents some provisional conclusions reached by an outsider who has made a number of forays into the history of the Sasanian empire, Rome's great eastern rival in late antiquity. Much of the expertise which ideally should underlie such a paper - knowledge of Pahlavi and Arabic, archaeological training, and wide-ranging travels over Iran which alone can give the historian of institutions, policy-making and policy-outcomes a real unders…
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