John P Spencer
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 533943 |
|---|---|
| NOME | John P Spencer |
| PRENOMES | John P |
| SOBRENOME | Spencer |
| ASSINATURA | SPENCER J P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of East Anglia |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7320-144X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 16 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 16 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2000 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Second language vocabulary learning
Integrating attention, working memory, and word learning in a dynamic field theory of executive function development
Presents a neural theory of executive function (EF) that integrates attention, working memory, and word learning processes. • Captures data from canonical EF and word learning tasks. • Provides a framework for understanding how EF emerges from component processes that themselves develop. Executive functions (EFs) are core cognitive abilities that enable self-control and flexibility. EFs undergo transformational changes between 3 to 5 years of age…
Neural Process Models Can Help Keep Theory at the Forefront of Developmental Neuroscience
We discuss the four chapters in this special issue, focusing on three key questions: (1) what developmental theories are being used across chapters; (2) what neuroscience methods are being used; and (3) how are these integrated? We organize our discussion by chapter moving from the broadest conceptual chapter by Peter Marshall through to the integration of theory and methods by Crone and van Drunen. We end by discussing work that is missing from …
Formal theories clarify the complex
The interaction of visual exploration and auditory processing is central to early cognitive development, supporting object discrimination, categorization, and word learning. Research has shown visual–auditory interactions to be complex, created from multiple processes and changing over multiple timescales. To better understand these interactions, we generalize a formal neural process model of early word learning to two studies examining how words…
Stunting in infancy is associated with atypical activation of working memory and attention networks
Stunting is associated with poor long-term cognitive, academic and economic outcomes, yet the mechanisms through which stunting impacts cognition in early development remain unknown. In a first-ever neuroimaging study conducted on infants from rural India, we demonstrate that stunting impacts a critical, early-developing cognitive system-visual working memory. Stunted infants showed poor visual working memory performance and were easily distracti…
Testing predictions of a neural process model of visual attention in infancy across competitive and non‐competitive contexts
A key question in early development is how changes in neural systems give rise to changes in infants' behavior. We examine this question by testing predictions of a dynamic field (DF) model of infant spatial attention. We tested 5‐, 7‐, and 10‐month‐old infants in the Infant Orienting With Attention (IOWA) task containing the original non‐competitive cue conditions (when a central stimulus disappeared before a cue onset) and new competitive cue c…
Learning words in space and time
Homosexual not Homogeneous
The gay traveler, a segment of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) travel market, is perceived to be a homogeneous market segment as a result of the assumption that gay men have a unique "homosexual lifestyle." This assumption is problematic as it conceals many other important variables, and it may hinder effective destination marketing. A Web-based electronic survey was completed by 469 gay male travelers, and attribute-based bene…
Making Sense of Developmental Dynamics
This commentary on the developmental dynamics special issue in Human Development identifies a set of common principles shared in the target articles. These common principles highlight how the dynamic approach has matured in the last 20 years into a mainstream developmental perspective. The commentary then discusses three core challenges facing the dynamic approach – the challenge of clear communication, the challenge of clearly defining learning …
The functional brain networks that underlie Early Stone Age tool manufacture
The Infant Orienting With Attention Task
Infant visual attention develops rapidly over the first year of life, significantly altering the way infants respond to peripheral visual events. Here, we present data from 5‐, 7‐, and 10‐month‐old infants using the Infant Orienting With Attention ( IOWA ) task, designed to capture developmental changes in visual spatial attention and saccade planning. Results indicate rapid development of spatial attention and visual response competition between…
Change occurs when body meets environment
The purpose of this paper is to outline the challenges of psychological research in addressing the mechanisms of emergence: how new behavioral patterns and cognitive abilities arise from the interaction of an organism with its environment in real time. We review some of the empirical studies on infant development with reference to Dynamical Systems accounts and relevant views such as the ecological approach to perception and action, and cover top…
The co-development of looking dynamics and discrimination performance
The study of looking dynamics and discrimination form the backbone of developmental science and are central processes in theories of infant cognition. Looking dynamics and discrimination change dramatically across the 1st year of life. Surprisingly, developmental changes in looking and discrimination have not been studied together. Recent simulations of a dynamic neural field (DNF) model of infant looking and memory suggest that looking and discr…
A ‘new breed’ of principal
In the 1960s, as part of the black freedom struggle in the United States, African‐American educators increasingly achieved the position of school principal in the nation’s big cities, helping to transform that office into a more dynamic force for school reform. This article presents the accomplishments and the struggles of one such principal, Marcus Foster, of Gratz High School in the northeastern city of Philadelphia. Foster did much to revitali…
Esther Thelen
Spatially Specific Changes in Infants' Muscle Coactivity as They Learn to Reach
Infants first reach out and touch objects between the ages of 3 and 5 months. This article reports changes in muscle coactivity associated with this transition. A group of 4 infants were observed weekly from 3 to 30 weeks and every 2 weeks from 30 to 52 weeks. Hand kinematics of both prereaching and reaching movements were collected, as was electromyographic activity from the trapezius, deltoid, biceps, and triceps. Before infants first reached f…
The functional brain networks that underlie Early Stone Age tool manufacture
Homosexual not Homogeneous
The gay traveler, a segment of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) travel market, is perceived to be a homogeneous market segment as a result of the assumption that gay men have a unique "homosexual lifestyle." This assumption is problematic as it conceals many other important variables, and it may hinder effective destination marketing. A Web-based electronic survey was completed by 469 gay male travelers, and attribute-based bene…
Stunting in infancy is associated with atypical activation of working memory and attention networks
Stunting is associated with poor long-term cognitive, academic and economic outcomes, yet the mechanisms through which stunting impacts cognition in early development remain unknown. In a first-ever neuroimaging study conducted on infants from rural India, we demonstrate that stunting impacts a critical, early-developing cognitive system-visual working memory. Stunted infants showed poor visual working memory performance and were easily distracti…
The co-development of looking dynamics and discrimination performance
The study of looking dynamics and discrimination form the backbone of developmental science and are central processes in theories of infant cognition. Looking dynamics and discrimination change dramatically across the 1st year of life. Surprisingly, developmental changes in looking and discrimination have not been studied together. Recent simulations of a dynamic neural field (DNF) model of infant looking and memory suggest that looking and discr…
A ‘new breed’ of principal
In the 1960s, as part of the black freedom struggle in the United States, African‐American educators increasingly achieved the position of school principal in the nation’s big cities, helping to transform that office into a more dynamic force for school reform. This article presents the accomplishments and the struggles of one such principal, Marcus Foster, of Gratz High School in the northeastern city of Philadelphia. Foster did much to revitali…
Spatially Specific Changes in Infants' Muscle Coactivity as They Learn to Reach
Infants first reach out and touch objects between the ages of 3 and 5 months. This article reports changes in muscle coactivity associated with this transition. A group of 4 infants were observed weekly from 3 to 30 weeks and every 2 weeks from 30 to 52 weeks. Hand kinematics of both prereaching and reaching movements were collected, as was electromyographic activity from the trapezius, deltoid, biceps, and triceps. Before infants first reached f…
Esther Thelen
A ‘new breed’ of principal
In the 1960s, as part of the black freedom struggle in the United States, African‐American educators increasingly achieved the position of school principal in the nation’s big cities, helping to transform that office into a more dynamic force for school reform. This article presents the accomplishments and the struggles of one such principal, Marcus Foster, of Gratz High School in the northeastern city of Philadelphia. Foster did much to revitali…
Change occurs when body meets environment
The purpose of this paper is to outline the challenges of psychological research in addressing the mechanisms of emergence: how new behavioral patterns and cognitive abilities arise from the interaction of an organism with its environment in real time. We review some of the empirical studies on infant development with reference to Dynamical Systems accounts and relevant views such as the ecological approach to perception and action, and cover top…
The co-development of looking dynamics and discrimination performance
The study of looking dynamics and discrimination form the backbone of developmental science and are central processes in theories of infant cognition. Looking dynamics and discrimination change dramatically across the 1st year of life. Surprisingly, developmental changes in looking and discrimination have not been studied together. Recent simulations of a dynamic neural field (DNF) model of infant looking and memory suggest that looking and discr…
The Infant Orienting With Attention Task
Infant visual attention develops rapidly over the first year of life, significantly altering the way infants respond to peripheral visual events. Here, we present data from 5‐, 7‐, and 10‐month‐old infants using the Infant Orienting With Attention ( IOWA ) task, designed to capture developmental changes in visual spatial attention and saccade planning. Results indicate rapid development of spatial attention and visual response competition between…
The functional brain networks that underlie Early Stone Age tool manufacture
Making Sense of Developmental Dynamics
This commentary on the developmental dynamics special issue in Human Development identifies a set of common principles shared in the target articles. These common principles highlight how the dynamic approach has matured in the last 20 years into a mainstream developmental perspective. The commentary then discusses three core challenges facing the dynamic approach – the challenge of clear communication, the challenge of clearly defining learning …
Homosexual not Homogeneous
The gay traveler, a segment of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) travel market, is perceived to be a homogeneous market segment as a result of the assumption that gay men have a unique "homosexual lifestyle." This assumption is problematic as it conceals many other important variables, and it may hinder effective destination marketing. A Web-based electronic survey was completed by 469 gay male travelers, and attribute-based bene…
Learning words in space and time
Testing predictions of a neural process model of visual attention in infancy across competitive and non‐competitive contexts
A key question in early development is how changes in neural systems give rise to changes in infants' behavior. We examine this question by testing predictions of a dynamic field (DF) model of infant spatial attention. We tested 5‐, 7‐, and 10‐month‐old infants in the Infant Orienting With Attention (IOWA) task containing the original non‐competitive cue conditions (when a central stimulus disappeared before a cue onset) and new competitive cue c…
Formal theories clarify the complex
The interaction of visual exploration and auditory processing is central to early cognitive development, supporting object discrimination, categorization, and word learning. Research has shown visual–auditory interactions to be complex, created from multiple processes and changing over multiple timescales. To better understand these interactions, we generalize a formal neural process model of early word learning to two studies examining how words…
Stunting in infancy is associated with atypical activation of working memory and attention networks
Stunting is associated with poor long-term cognitive, academic and economic outcomes, yet the mechanisms through which stunting impacts cognition in early development remain unknown. In a first-ever neuroimaging study conducted on infants from rural India, we demonstrate that stunting impacts a critical, early-developing cognitive system-visual working memory. Stunted infants showed poor visual working memory performance and were easily distracti…
Neural Process Models Can Help Keep Theory at the Forefront of Developmental Neuroscience
We discuss the four chapters in this special issue, focusing on three key questions: (1) what developmental theories are being used across chapters; (2) what neuroscience methods are being used; and (3) how are these integrated? We organize our discussion by chapter moving from the broadest conceptual chapter by Peter Marshall through to the integration of theory and methods by Crone and van Drunen. We end by discussing work that is missing from …
Integrating attention, working memory, and word learning in a dynamic field theory of executive function development
Presents a neural theory of executive function (EF) that integrates attention, working memory, and word learning processes. • Captures data from canonical EF and word learning tasks. • Provides a framework for understanding how EF emerges from component processes that themselves develop. Executive functions (EFs) are core cognitive abilities that enable self-control and flexibility. EFs undergo transformational changes between 3 to 5 years of age…
Second language vocabulary learning
Psychology (13 obras) · Cognition (9 obras) · Cognitive psychology (9 obras) · Neuroscience (8 obras) · Child and Animal Learning Development (6 obras) · Computer Science (6 obras) · Cognitive science (5 obras) · Developmental psychology (5 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (4 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (4 obras)