Ali Anooshahr
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 542863 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Ali Anooshahr |
| PRENOMES | Ali |
| SOBRENOME | Anooshahr |
| ASSINATURA | ANOOSHAHR A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of California, Davis |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2145-5202 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 34 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 33 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2005 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Seydi Ali the Sailor
This article studies the Mir’atü’l-Memalik , the travelogue of the Ottoman captain Seydi Ali Reis (d. 1562). While this text has been read as a source for the history of Ottoman-Portuguese rivalry in the Indian Ocean, it has not been sufficiently investigated as a work of literature. Not only did Seydi Ali interweave his text with locally significant specimens of poetry wherever he went, he also consciously modeled his book on older adventure sto…
The City as Anthology
Early Safavid Campaigns in the Caucasus
The chronicle of Qasim Beg Hayati of Tabriz, written during the reign of Shah Tahmasp (d. 1576), provides new information on early Safavid history that is absent from the other Persian historical literature of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In particular, Hayati shows how important the Caucasus was for the rise of Shaykh Junayd (d. 1460) and Shaykh Haydar Safavi (d. 1488). Using plunder and slaves gained from raids on the Circassians an…
On the problem of Sāmānid origins
The Sāmānid dynasty of Transoxiana is perhaps best known today for its foundational contributions to the formation of Persianate culture in the ninth and tenth centuries. The problems of the origins of the dynasty has received scholarly attention for many years. However, the field is in some ways still very much dependent upon nineteenth-century ethno-racial categories. This paper critically traces the history of the question, ending with some al…
The Arghūn State in Qandahar and the New World Economy, 1479–1522
Traffic on overland routes connecting the Indian subcontinent to the Iranian Plateau and Central Asia increased from the fifteenth to the sixteenth centuries. This led to the formation of strong states in the Kabul-to-Delhi region—namely, the state ruled by the later Lodīs in north India, the embryonic Mughal state in Kabul, and the Arghūn state in Qandahar (1479–1522). This article will especially investigate the latter. Since there is no mercan…
Christopher Markiewicz, The Crisis of Kingship in Late Medieval Islam
Reviewed by: The Crisis of Kingship in Late Medieval Islam: Persian Emigres and the Making of Ottoman Sovereignty by Christopher Markiewicz Ali Anooshahr Christopher Markiewicz, The Crisis of Kingship in Late Medieval Islam: Persian Emigres and the Making of Ottoman Sovereignty (Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization.) New York: Cambridge University Press, 2019, Pp. xiii, 345. Cloth $120.00, e-book $96.00. ISBN: 9781108492140 Christopher Marki…
Narrative Pasts
While a good deal of the scholarship conducted on medieval India relies on Indo-Persian Tarikhs (‘history’ or ‘chronicle’), this book shifts the focus onto Sufi writings in the region of Gujarat between the fifteenth and the seventeenth centuries. Specifically, Jyoti Gulati Balachandran argues that the Sufi narratives first composed in the fifteenth century played a central role in creating ‘a Muslim community in Gujarat with its unique history a…
Military Slavery in Medieval North India
This chapter traces the establishment, and evolution of military slavery in north India between ca. 1000-1500. It will moreover investigate the interaction between war and society when it involves enslavement of captured civilians. Lastly, it will argue that the expansion of agriculture and the rise of a large peasant population that served as a potential source of mercenaries that eventually competed with slaves as a source of recruitment.
Letter-Writing and Emotional Communities in Early Mughal India
This article investigates the letter-writing manual of the physician Muhammad Yusufi Haravi, composed in the 1530s at the court of the Mughal emperor, Humayun. It argues that by prescribing proper expressions of emotion based on one’s rank, the text reflects a combination of courtly desire and medical expertise which hoped to (but could not) transform the body politic (Mughal elite) into an emotional community. This was because the rapid establis…
The Ghaznavid Empire of India
Almost all of our information on the Ghaznavids comes from two contemporary chronicles (one in Persian and one in Arabic) and a divan (poetic anthology) from the early eleventh century. The Arabic text is the Tarikh-i Yamini written by Abu Nasr al-ʻUtbi, and the Persian chronicle is the Zayn al-Akhbar by Gardizi. Virtually, all subsequent Persian chroniclers drew on the later Persian translation of the Yamini. After the Mughal period, a few used …
The elephant and imperial continuities in North India, 1200–1600CE
This paper builds on my earlier study of the relationship between the elephant and imperial sovereignty in north India, extending the argument from 1200 to 1600ce. The ritual and military use of the elephant signalled a self-conscious imperial formation, based on the Ghaznavid model, with the emperor as king-of-kings and elephant-master, ruling over subjugated tributary monarchs. However, new conditions in the sixteenth century led to the rise of…
Indo-Persian historian and Sindho-Persian intermediary
Studies of Indo-Persian historiography tend to focus on the monumental compositions created at the behest of the Mughal court. This has unfortunately led to the neglect of texts from "regional" settings. The present article intends to expand the field of inquiry by studying Mir Muhammad Maʿsum's Tarikh-i Maʿsumi (completed c. 1600) which was the first Mughal-era Persian history of Sindh. I will argue that the author used the new the literary mode…
Mongols in the Tarikh-i Rashidi
This chapter will continue to investigate Central Asia by showing how the Mongol prince Mirza Haydar Dughlat (d. 1551) ruminated wistfully about his Mongol origins nostalgically as a time of aristocratic order that had vanished by his day. Yet Mirza Haydar also had to confront negative aspects of that past such as paganism and violence. In short the author perceived Turco-Mongol origins as a biological problem which was however not ethnic. Here t…
Uzbeks and Kazakhs in Fazl Allah Khunji’s Mihmannamah-i Bukhara
This chapter looks at another Persian historian, Fazl Allah b. Ruzbihan Khunji (d. 1519), in his journey to Central Asia and his attempt to justify the Uzbek ruler Shibani Khan (d. 1510) in his disastrous campaign against the Kazakhs of Turkestan. Fazl Allah had to project onto his master’s kinsmen/enemies all the negative associations of a Turkic ancestry in order to justify their murder and enslavement. However, this projection created difficul…
Culture of Encounters
The Elephant and the Sovereign
This article studies the political and symbolic importance of elephants for medieval Muslim kingship in South Asia. Specifically, the incorporation of the elephant by the Ghaznavid dynasty led to a crisis of sovereignty for early Muslim kings of South Asia. This was because while the elephant stood for divinity and sovereignty among Hindus, it represented satanic pride among Muslims. The famous Koranic chapter of “the elephant”, tells the story o…
Turkestan and the Rise of Eurasian Empires
It has long been known that the origins of the early modern dynasties of the Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals, Mongols, and Shibanids in the sixteenth century go back to “Turco-Mongol” or “Turcophone” war bands. However, too often has this connection been taken at face value, usually along the lines of ethnolinguistic continuity. The connection between a mythologized “Turkestani” or “Turco-Mongol” origin and these dynasties was not simply and objectiv…
İdris-i Bitlisi’nin Heşt Bihişt’inde Osmanlı’ya Dair Efsanenin Yaratılması ve Tarih Yazımı
Bu makale İdris Bitlisi’nin Heşt Bihişt’inde erken dönem Osmanlı tarihi’nin nasıl ele alındığını incelemektedir. Daha önceki akademik çalışmalar, Osmanlı kroniklerinde Osmanlı hanedanı’nın kökenine dair gerçekleri bulmaya çalışırken Bitlisi’nin eserinin tam aksi yönden incelenmesi gerektiğini, yani, yazarın bilinçli bir efsane oluşturma sürecine girdiğini düşünüyorum. Bitlisi iki farklı efsaneyi bir araya getirmeye çalışmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki O…
Science at the court of the cosmocrat
The present article studies a number of texts produced at the court of the Mughal Emperor Humayun in order to argue that there was a rise in prestige for various fields of knowledge such as mathematics, geography and astronomy. While these texts certainly fulfilled a political function (elucidating the cosmos for Mughal universalist claims), they also reflected aspects of the intellectual climate and practices of the sixteenth century that were u…
Michael Cook. Ancient Religions, Modern Politics
Michael Cook begins his book by wondering why Islam today “has a higher political profile than any of its competitors” (xi). To answer this question, Cook compares the role played by Islam in politics with the roles played by Hinduism and Catholicism in other “Third World” areas. He finds that Islam as a religion is more political because it provides a stronger political identity than the other two religions. This circular reasoning in favor of I…
Rethinking Iranian Nationalism and Modernity
While recent books have explored Arab and Turkish nationalism, the nuances of Iran have received scant book-length study - until now. Capturing the significant changes in approach that have shaped this specialization, Rethinking Iranian Nationalism and Modernity shares innovative research and charts new areas of analysis from an array of scholars in the field. Delving into a wide range of theoretical and conceptual perspectives, the essays - all …
On the Imperial Discourse of the Delhi Sultanate and Early Mughal India
Studies of the political culture of early Mughal India generally follow a genealogical method, positing two mutually exclusive traditions (Medieval Indo-Islamic or Turco-Mongol) as the source of Mughal Imperial discourse. The present articles will compare early Mughal texts with those of the Delhi Sultanate as well as Shibanid Central Asia in order to show that all three shared a common pattern that had to be modified based on particular historic…
Mughals, Mongols, and Mongrels
The present article seeks to re-evaluate the problem of the Central Asian military elite that emigrated to Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent in the sixteenth century during the foundation of the Mughal Empire. By reading the Tarikh-i Rashidi , the historical composition of Mirza Haydar Dughlat (d. 1551) and the main literary source for the period, modern scholars have developed two distinct historiographical strands of scholarship. Those ma…
The Rise of the Safavids According to their Old Veterans
This article studies an early Safavid chronicle, Futuhat-e Shahi by Amini Haravi. In 1521, the founder of the Safavid state, Shah Isma‘il, provided Haravi with a number of veterans from the early days of the Safavid uprising as informants. Their narrative presents an alternative view on the early career of the shah that differs from the dominant version current in modern scholarship. From the perspective of the Futuhat, the rise of the Safavids d…
Shirazi scholars and the political culture of the sixteenth-century Indo-Persian world
This article studies the career of Fath Allah Shirazi who matriculated in Shiraz with some of the most prominent scholars of the age, and subsequently moved to India as his specific network lost political power in Safavid Iran during the reign of Shah Tahmasp. Fath Allah found employment at the Bijapur Sultanate and finally went to Mughal India and contributed to a number of administrative, intellectual and ‘ideological’ movements at the Mughal c…
Mughal historians and the memory of the Islamic conquest of India
The Mughal historian ‘Abd al-Qadir Badauni wrote his work of history Muntakhab al-Tavarikh in the last decades of the sixteenth century. This work has been closely read only in its latter parts, and the resulting image of the author, as derived from the text, is one of a venomous and fundamentalist theologian who had opposed the conciliatory policies of the emperor Akbar towards his Hindu subjects. However, by analysing the first volume of this w…
Turkestan and the Rise of Eurasian Empires
It has long been known that the origins of the early modern dynasties of the Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals, Mongols, and Shibanids in the sixteenth century go back to “Turco-Mongol” or “Turcophone” war bands. However, too often has this connection been taken at face value, usually along the lines of ethnolinguistic continuity. The connection between a mythologized “Turkestani” or “Turco-Mongol” origin and these dynasties was not simply and objectiv…
The Rise of the Safavids According to their Old Veterans
This article studies an early Safavid chronicle, Futuhat-e Shahi by Amini Haravi. In 1521, the founder of the Safavid state, Shah Isma‘il, provided Haravi with a number of veterans from the early days of the Safavid uprising as informants. Their narrative presents an alternative view on the early career of the shah that differs from the dominant version current in modern scholarship. From the perspective of the Futuhat, the rise of the Safavids d…
Author of one’s fate
A shift of worldviews can be observed in the historical writings of three Indo-Persian authors ‘Abd al-Malik ‘Isami, Rizq Allah Mushtaqi and Nizam al-Din Ahmad. Whereas ‘Isami viewed history as the unfolding of events predetermined by divine fate; Nizam al-Din considered human agency to be the main mover of events. Mushtaqi displayed ambivalence between the two. His text can thus be read as the expression of a worldview under disintegration and r…
Shirazi scholars and the political culture of the sixteenth-century Indo-Persian world
This article studies the career of Fath Allah Shirazi who matriculated in Shiraz with some of the most prominent scholars of the age, and subsequently moved to India as his specific network lost political power in Safavid Iran during the reign of Shah Tahmasp. Fath Allah found employment at the Bijapur Sultanate and finally went to Mughal India and contributed to a number of administrative, intellectual and ‘ideological’ movements at the Mughal c…
On the Imperial Discourse of the Delhi Sultanate and Early Mughal India
Studies of the political culture of early Mughal India generally follow a genealogical method, positing two mutually exclusive traditions (Medieval Indo-Islamic or Turco-Mongol) as the source of Mughal Imperial discourse. The present articles will compare early Mughal texts with those of the Delhi Sultanate as well as Shibanid Central Asia in order to show that all three shared a common pattern that had to be modified based on particular historic…
Dialogism and Territoriality in a Mughal History of the Islamic Millennium
The sixteenth century witnessed the flowering of European literature that claimed to describe the encounter between Western travelers and the indigenous population of the rest of the world. Similarly, some Persianate writings of the same period present a dialogical encounter, not so much with the European other , but with rival Muslim empires. One of the writers in this genre was Jaʿfar Beg Qazvīnī, sole author of the third part of the Taʾrikh-i …
The King who would be Man
There has appeared a new trend in recent scholarship on the early modern Islamic world that analyzes the role of gender and sexuality in society and culture. Ruby Lal and Rosalind O'Hanlon have investigated women and gender roles in the sixteenth-century Mughal harem and the broader imperial court respectively. Mehmed Kalpaklı, Walter Andrews, and Khaled El-Rouayheb have studied the nature or the implications of sexual relationship among men in I…
The Elephant and the Sovereign
This article studies the political and symbolic importance of elephants for medieval Muslim kingship in South Asia. Specifically, the incorporation of the elephant by the Ghaznavid dynasty led to a crisis of sovereignty for early Muslim kings of South Asia. This was because while the elephant stood for divinity and sovereignty among Hindus, it represented satanic pride among Muslims. The famous Koranic chapter of “the elephant”, tells the story o…
Mughals, Mongols, and Mongrels
The present article seeks to re-evaluate the problem of the Central Asian military elite that emigrated to Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent in the sixteenth century during the foundation of the Mughal Empire. By reading the Tarikh-i Rashidi , the historical composition of Mirza Haydar Dughlat (d. 1551) and the main literary source for the period, modern scholars have developed two distinct historiographical strands of scholarship. Those ma…
The elephant and imperial continuities in North India, 1200–1600CE
This paper builds on my earlier study of the relationship between the elephant and imperial sovereignty in north India, extending the argument from 1200 to 1600ce. The ritual and military use of the elephant signalled a self-conscious imperial formation, based on the Ghaznavid model, with the emperor as king-of-kings and elephant-master, ruling over subjugated tributary monarchs. However, new conditions in the sixteenth century led to the rise of…
Indo-Persian historian and Sindho-Persian intermediary
Studies of Indo-Persian historiography tend to focus on the monumental compositions created at the behest of the Mughal court. This has unfortunately led to the neglect of texts from "regional" settings. The present article intends to expand the field of inquiry by studying Mir Muhammad Maʿsum's Tarikh-i Maʿsumi (completed c. 1600) which was the first Mughal-era Persian history of Sindh. I will argue that the author used the new the literary mode…
Utbi and the Ghaznavids at the Foot of the Mountain
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Utbi and the Ghaznavids at the Foot of the Mountain
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Mughal historians and the memory of the Islamic conquest of India
The Mughal historian ‘Abd al-Qadir Badauni wrote his work of history Muntakhab al-Tavarikh in the last decades of the sixteenth century. This work has been closely read only in its latter parts, and the resulting image of the author, as derived from the text, is one of a venomous and fundamentalist theologian who had opposed the conciliatory policies of the emperor Akbar towards his Hindu subjects. However, by analysing the first volume of this w…
The Ghazi Sultans and the Frontiers of Islam
The Ghazi Sultans were frontier holy-warrior kings of late medieval and early modern Islamic history. This book is a comparative study of three particular Ghazis in the Muslim world at that time, demonstrating the extent to which these men were influenced by the actions and writings of their predecessors in shaping strategy and the way in which they saw themselves. Using a broad range of Persian, Arabic and Turkish texts, the author offers new fi…
The King who would be Man
There has appeared a new trend in recent scholarship on the early modern Islamic world that analyzes the role of gender and sexuality in society and culture. Ruby Lal and Rosalind O'Hanlon have investigated women and gender roles in the sixteenth-century Mughal harem and the broader imperial court respectively. Mehmed Kalpaklı, Walter Andrews, and Khaled El-Rouayheb have studied the nature or the implications of sexual relationship among men in I…
Writing, Speech, and History for an Ottoman Biographer
Timurids and Turcomans
Dialogism and Territoriality in a Mughal History of the Islamic Millennium
The sixteenth century witnessed the flowering of European literature that claimed to describe the encounter between Western travelers and the indigenous population of the rest of the world. Similarly, some Persianate writings of the same period present a dialogical encounter, not so much with the European other , but with rival Muslim empires. One of the writers in this genre was Jaʿfar Beg Qazvīnī, sole author of the third part of the Taʾrikh-i …
Author of one’s fate
A shift of worldviews can be observed in the historical writings of three Indo-Persian authors ‘Abd al-Malik ‘Isami, Rizq Allah Mushtaqi and Nizam al-Din Ahmad. Whereas ‘Isami viewed history as the unfolding of events predetermined by divine fate; Nizam al-Din considered human agency to be the main mover of events. Mushtaqi displayed ambivalence between the two. His text can thus be read as the expression of a worldview under disintegration and r…
Rethinking Iranian Nationalism and Modernity
While recent books have explored Arab and Turkish nationalism, the nuances of Iran have received scant book-length study - until now. Capturing the significant changes in approach that have shaped this specialization, Rethinking Iranian Nationalism and Modernity shares innovative research and charts new areas of analysis from an array of scholars in the field. Delving into a wide range of theoretical and conceptual perspectives, the essays - all …
On the Imperial Discourse of the Delhi Sultanate and Early Mughal India
Studies of the political culture of early Mughal India generally follow a genealogical method, positing two mutually exclusive traditions (Medieval Indo-Islamic or Turco-Mongol) as the source of Mughal Imperial discourse. The present articles will compare early Mughal texts with those of the Delhi Sultanate as well as Shibanid Central Asia in order to show that all three shared a common pattern that had to be modified based on particular historic…
Mughals, Mongols, and Mongrels
The present article seeks to re-evaluate the problem of the Central Asian military elite that emigrated to Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent in the sixteenth century during the foundation of the Mughal Empire. By reading the Tarikh-i Rashidi , the historical composition of Mirza Haydar Dughlat (d. 1551) and the main literary source for the period, modern scholars have developed two distinct historiographical strands of scholarship. Those ma…
The Rise of the Safavids According to their Old Veterans
This article studies an early Safavid chronicle, Futuhat-e Shahi by Amini Haravi. In 1521, the founder of the Safavid state, Shah Isma‘il, provided Haravi with a number of veterans from the early days of the Safavid uprising as informants. Their narrative presents an alternative view on the early career of the shah that differs from the dominant version current in modern scholarship. From the perspective of the Futuhat, the rise of the Safavids d…
Shirazi scholars and the political culture of the sixteenth-century Indo-Persian world
This article studies the career of Fath Allah Shirazi who matriculated in Shiraz with some of the most prominent scholars of the age, and subsequently moved to India as his specific network lost political power in Safavid Iran during the reign of Shah Tahmasp. Fath Allah found employment at the Bijapur Sultanate and finally went to Mughal India and contributed to a number of administrative, intellectual and ‘ideological’ movements at the Mughal c…
Michael Cook. Ancient Religions, Modern Politics
Michael Cook begins his book by wondering why Islam today “has a higher political profile than any of its competitors” (xi). To answer this question, Cook compares the role played by Islam in politics with the roles played by Hinduism and Catholicism in other “Third World” areas. He finds that Islam as a religion is more political because it provides a stronger political identity than the other two religions. This circular reasoning in favor of I…
İdris-i Bitlisi’nin Heşt Bihişt’inde Osmanlı’ya Dair Efsanenin Yaratılması ve Tarih Yazımı
Bu makale İdris Bitlisi’nin Heşt Bihişt’inde erken dönem Osmanlı tarihi’nin nasıl ele alındığını incelemektedir. Daha önceki akademik çalışmalar, Osmanlı kroniklerinde Osmanlı hanedanı’nın kökenine dair gerçekleri bulmaya çalışırken Bitlisi’nin eserinin tam aksi yönden incelenmesi gerektiğini, yani, yazarın bilinçli bir efsane oluşturma sürecine girdiğini düşünüyorum. Bitlisi iki farklı efsaneyi bir araya getirmeye çalışmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki O…
Science at the court of the cosmocrat
The present article studies a number of texts produced at the court of the Mughal Emperor Humayun in order to argue that there was a rise in prestige for various fields of knowledge such as mathematics, geography and astronomy. While these texts certainly fulfilled a political function (elucidating the cosmos for Mughal universalist claims), they also reflected aspects of the intellectual climate and practices of the sixteenth century that were u…
Mongols in the Tarikh-i Rashidi
This chapter will continue to investigate Central Asia by showing how the Mongol prince Mirza Haydar Dughlat (d. 1551) ruminated wistfully about his Mongol origins nostalgically as a time of aristocratic order that had vanished by his day. Yet Mirza Haydar also had to confront negative aspects of that past such as paganism and violence. In short the author perceived Turco-Mongol origins as a biological problem which was however not ethnic. Here t…
Uzbeks and Kazakhs in Fazl Allah Khunji’s Mihmannamah-i Bukhara
This chapter looks at another Persian historian, Fazl Allah b. Ruzbihan Khunji (d. 1519), in his journey to Central Asia and his attempt to justify the Uzbek ruler Shibani Khan (d. 1510) in his disastrous campaign against the Kazakhs of Turkestan. Fazl Allah had to project onto his master’s kinsmen/enemies all the negative associations of a Turkic ancestry in order to justify their murder and enslavement. However, this projection created difficul…
Culture of Encounters
The Elephant and the Sovereign
This article studies the political and symbolic importance of elephants for medieval Muslim kingship in South Asia. Specifically, the incorporation of the elephant by the Ghaznavid dynasty led to a crisis of sovereignty for early Muslim kings of South Asia. This was because while the elephant stood for divinity and sovereignty among Hindus, it represented satanic pride among Muslims. The famous Koranic chapter of “the elephant”, tells the story o…
Turkestan and the Rise of Eurasian Empires
It has long been known that the origins of the early modern dynasties of the Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals, Mongols, and Shibanids in the sixteenth century go back to “Turco-Mongol” or “Turcophone” war bands. However, too often has this connection been taken at face value, usually along the lines of ethnolinguistic continuity. The connection between a mythologized “Turkestani” or “Turco-Mongol” origin and these dynasties was not simply and objectiv…
Indo-Persian historian and Sindho-Persian intermediary
Studies of Indo-Persian historiography tend to focus on the monumental compositions created at the behest of the Mughal court. This has unfortunately led to the neglect of texts from "regional" settings. The present article intends to expand the field of inquiry by studying Mir Muhammad Maʿsum's Tarikh-i Maʿsumi (completed c. 1600) which was the first Mughal-era Persian history of Sindh. I will argue that the author used the new the literary mode…
The elephant and imperial continuities in North India, 1200–1600CE
This paper builds on my earlier study of the relationship between the elephant and imperial sovereignty in north India, extending the argument from 1200 to 1600ce. The ritual and military use of the elephant signalled a self-conscious imperial formation, based on the Ghaznavid model, with the emperor as king-of-kings and elephant-master, ruling over subjugated tributary monarchs. However, new conditions in the sixteenth century led to the rise of…
Military Slavery in Medieval North India
This chapter traces the establishment, and evolution of military slavery in north India between ca. 1000-1500. It will moreover investigate the interaction between war and society when it involves enslavement of captured civilians. Lastly, it will argue that the expansion of agriculture and the rise of a large peasant population that served as a potential source of mercenaries that eventually competed with slaves as a source of recruitment.
Letter-Writing and Emotional Communities in Early Mughal India
This article investigates the letter-writing manual of the physician Muhammad Yusufi Haravi, composed in the 1530s at the court of the Mughal emperor, Humayun. It argues that by prescribing proper expressions of emotion based on one’s rank, the text reflects a combination of courtly desire and medical expertise which hoped to (but could not) transform the body politic (Mughal elite) into an emotional community. This was because the rapid establis…
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