M G Marmot
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 5489482 |
|---|---|
| NOME | M G Marmot |
| PRENOMES | M G |
| SOBRENOME | Marmot |
| ASSINATURA | MARMOT M G |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University College London |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 262 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1978 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2014 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Life Course Socioeconomic Position and Mid-Late Life Cognitive Function in Eastern Europe
In these Eastern European populations, late life cognition reflected life course socioeconomic trajectories similarly to findings in Western countries
Long working hours and symptoms of anxiety and depression
Background Although long working hours are common in working populations, little is known about the effect of long working hours on mental health. Method We examined the association between long working hours and the onset of depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle-aged employees. Participants were 2960 full-time employees aged 44 to 66 years (2248 men, 712 women) from the prospective Whitehall II cohort study of British civil servants. Working…
P2-353 Socioeconomic trends in obesity in Egypt
Introduction Middle Eastern and North African countries have some of the highest obesity prevalence levels in the world (40% among women in Egypt in 2008). The prevalence of obesity in low-and-middle income countries has been rising in the last 2 decades and its socioeconomic distribution appears to be changing to the disadvantage of those with low socioeconomic status (SES) in many low-and-middle income countries. Methods We first use five natio…
Work disability following major organisational change
BACKGROUND: Privatisation and private sector practices have been increasingly applied to the public sector in many industrialised countries. Over the same period, long-term work disability has risen substantially. We examined whether a major organisational change--the transfer of public sector work to executive agencies run on private sector lines--was associated with an increased risk of work disability. METHODS: The study uses self-reported dat…
P63 Mandated attendance at parenting workshops improves women's healthcare knowledge but may widen health inequities in low and middle income countries
Background Conditional cash transfer schemes (CCTS) are relatively new policies in low and middle income countries which aim to improve the health and welfare of poor families by investing in their knowledge, skills and resources. Families are offered regular cash as long as they comply with certain conditions. One of these is that mothers/carers attend workshops where parenting and children9s healthcare issues are discussed. We hypothesised that…
Socioeconomic position and cognitive decline using data from two waves
BACKGROUND: Analysis of change in health status using data from two waves can be examined either adjusted or unadjusted for baseline health status. The effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) on cognitive change was assessed using both these strategies and the implications of the analyses are discussed. METHODS: Data from 1261 men and 483 women of the Whitehall II cohort study, aged 50-55 years at wave 1, were used. Cognition was assessed at both …
Socioeconomic differences in statin use after deregulation of simvastatin in the UK
examined and compared treatment of Ma ori (Indigenous) and non-Ma ori New Zealanders with colon cancer. Methods: From the New Zealand Cancer Registry we identified a population-based cohort of 629 patients diagnosed with colon cancer between 1996 and 2003. We reviewed medical notes and compared surgical and oncology treatment in Ma ori and non-Ma ori patients. We adjusted treatment differences for tumour characteristics, patient comorbidity and t…
Physical and cognitive function in midlife
BACKGROUND: Cognitive and physical functions are closely linked in old age, but less is known about this association in midlife. Whether cognitive function predicts physical function and whether physical function predicts cognitive function were assessed in middle-aged men and women. METHODS: Data were from Whitehall II, an ongoing large-scale, prospective occupational cohort study of employees from 20 London-based white-collar Civil Service depa…
Who benefits most from the cardioprotective properties of alcohol consumption—health freaks or couch potatoes
BACKGROUND: The cardioprotective properties of moderate alcohol consumption, compared with abstinence or heavy drinking, are widely reported, but whether the benefits are experienced equally by all moderate drinkers is less well known. AIMS: To examine the association between average alcohol intake per week and the incidence of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction during 17 years of follow-up for 9655 men and women without prevalent disease …
Work stress, weight gain and weight loss
Social Determinants of Health
The health of populations is related to features of society and its social and economic organization. This crucial fact provides the basis for effective policy-making for improving population health. While there is, understandably, much concern regarding the appropriate provision and financing of health services as well as ensuring that the nature of the services provided is based on the best evidence of effectiveness, health is a matter that goe…
Tackling health inequalities since the Acheson Inquiry
Policies are in place that could make a difference It has been said that there are two types of people in the world: those that think there are two types of people and those who do not. If I were not disbarred by the contradiction, I would belong to the second group. This applies to my view of health inequalities—both to the problem and its solutions. Health inequalities are not confined to differences in health between rich and poor; health foll…
Understanding Social Inequalities in Health
A prominent feature of health in all industrialized countries is the social gradient in health and disease. Many observers believe that this gradient is simply a matter of poor health for the disadvantaged and good health for everyone else, but this is an inadequate analysis. The Whitehall Study documented a social gradient in mortality rates, even among people who are not poor, and this pattern has been confirmed by data from the United States a…
Change in health inequalities among British civil servants
Study objective: Despite an overall decline in mortality rates, the social gradient in mortality has increased over the past two decades. However, evidence on trends in morbidity and cardiovascular risk factors indicates that socioeconomic differences are static or narrowing. The objective of this study was to investigate morbidity and cardiovascular risk factor trends in white collar British civil servants. Design: Self rated health, longstandin…
Effects of chronic job insecurity and change in job security on self reported health, minor psychiatric morbidity, physiological measures, and health related behaviours in British civil servants
Study objective: To determine the effect of chronic job insecurity and changes in job security on self reported health, minor psychiatric morbidity, physiological measures, and health related behaviours. Design: Self reported health, minor psychiatric morbidity, physiological measures, and health related behaviours were determined in 931 women and 2429 men who responded to a question on job insecurity in 1995/96 and again in 1997/99. Self reporte…
Socioeconomic Position, Health, and Possible Explanations
Objectives. We examined whether the social gradient for measures of morbidity is comparable in English and French public employees and investigated risk factors that may explain this gradient. Methods. This longitudinal study of 2 occupational cohorts—5825 London civil servants and 6818 French office-based employees—used 2 health outcomes: long spells of sickness absence during a 4-year follow-up and self-reported health. Results. Strong social g…
Decline of the relative risk of death associated with low employment grade at older age
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the observed age related decline in the relative risk of death associated with low employment grade can be explained by the profiles of smoking, blood pressure and plasma cholesterol changing differently with age between the employment grades. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with 25 years of mortality follow up. SETTING: Whitehall study. PARTICIPANTS: There were 16,984 men aged 40 to 69 years at baseline with …
Work characteristics predict psychiatric disorder
OBJECTIVES: The impact of work on the risk of future psychiatric disorder has been examined in few longitudinal studies. This was examined prospectively in a large epidemiological study of civil servants. METHODS: In the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of 6895 male and 3413 female London based civil servants, work characteristics measured at baseline (phase 1: 1985-8) and first follow up (phase 2: 1989) were used to p…
When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare associations of childhood and adult socioeconomic position with cardiovascular risk factors measured in adulthood. To estimate the effects of adult socioeconomic position after adjustment for childhood circumstances. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey, using the relative index of inequality method to compare socioeconomic differences at different life stages. SETTING: The Whitehall II longitudinal study of men and women e…
An uncertain future
OBJECTIVES: This study examined changes in the health status of civil servants whose employment security was threatened. METHODS: Data were derived from a longitudinal cohort of 10,308 men and women, office staff in 20 British civil service departments. Physiological measurements, self-reported morbidity, and health-related behaviors for 530 members of the department under threat were compared with those of 19 other departments, during the period…
Social inequality in coronary risk
Do socioeconomic differences in mortality persist after retirement? 25 Year follow up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study
Objective : To assess the risk of death associated with work based and non-work based measures of socioeconomic status before and after retirement age. Design : Follow up study of mortality in relation to employment grade and car ownership over 25 years. Setting : The first Whitehall study. Subjects : 18 133 male civil servants aged 40–69 years who attended a screening examination between 1967 and 1970. Main outcome measure : Death. Results : Gra…
Reliability of data from proxy respondents in an international case-control study of cardiovascular disease and oral contraceptives. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Dis…
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reliability of data supplied in a case-control study by proxy respondents for cases who were too ill to do so themselves. DESIGN: A hospital based, case-control study of the current use of oral contraceptives (OC) and cardiovascular diseases. Data from "true" controls matched to a subset of cases were compared with those supplied by proxy respondents about the true controls. SETTING: Hospitals in 21 centres from …
Health effects of anticipation of job change and non-employment
Objective : To assess the effect of anticipating job change or non-employment on self reported health status in a group of middle aged male and female white collar civil servants. Design : Longitudinal cohort study (Whitehall II study). Questionnaire data on self reported health status and health behaviour were obtained at initial screening and four years later, during the period when employees of the department facing privatisation were anticipa…
Work characteristics and psychiatric disorder in civil servants in London
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To describe the association between self reported and externally assessed work characteristics and psychiatric disorder. DESIGN--Analysis of questionnaire data collected from the first phase of the Whitehall II study, a cohort study of an employed population. SETTING--Twenty civil service departments in London. PARTICIPANTS--Altogether 6900 male and 3414 female civil servants aged 35-55 years. MAIN RESULTS--High levels of subject…
Effects of chronic job insecurity and change in job security on self reported health, minor psychiatric morbidity, physiological measures, and health related behaviours in British civil servants
Study objective: To determine the effect of chronic job insecurity and changes in job security on self reported health, minor psychiatric morbidity, physiological measures, and health related behaviours. Design: Self reported health, minor psychiatric morbidity, physiological measures, and health related behaviours were determined in 931 women and 2429 men who responded to a question on job insecurity in 1995/96 and again in 1997/99. Self reporte…
Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To determine the effect of marital status on mortality for men. In particular, to examine whether subgroups of unmarried men (widowed, single, and divorced/separated men) have a similar mortality to married men. DESIGN--Cohort study. SETTING--Whitehall civil service, London, between 1967 and 1969. PARTICIPANTS--A total of 18,403 men aged 40-64 years with 18 years' follow up. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Cause-specific mortality…
When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare associations of childhood and adult socioeconomic position with cardiovascular risk factors measured in adulthood. To estimate the effects of adult socioeconomic position after adjustment for childhood circumstances. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey, using the relative index of inequality method to compare socioeconomic differences at different life stages. SETTING: The Whitehall II longitudinal study of men and women e…
An uncertain future
OBJECTIVES: This study examined changes in the health status of civil servants whose employment security was threatened. METHODS: Data were derived from a longitudinal cohort of 10,308 men and women, office staff in 20 British civil service departments. Physiological measurements, self-reported morbidity, and health-related behaviors for 530 members of the department under threat were compared with those of 19 other departments, during the period…
Socioeconomic Position, Health, and Possible Explanations
Objectives. We examined whether the social gradient for measures of morbidity is comparable in English and French public employees and investigated risk factors that may explain this gradient. Methods. This longitudinal study of 2 occupational cohorts—5825 London civil servants and 6818 French office-based employees—used 2 health outcomes: long spells of sickness absence during a 4-year follow-up and self-reported health. Results. Strong social g…
Life Course Socioeconomic Position and Mid-Late Life Cognitive Function in Eastern Europe
In these Eastern European populations, late life cognition reflected life course socioeconomic trajectories similarly to findings in Western countries
Work characteristics and psychiatric disorder in civil servants in London
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To describe the association between self reported and externally assessed work characteristics and psychiatric disorder. DESIGN--Analysis of questionnaire data collected from the first phase of the Whitehall II study, a cohort study of an employed population. SETTING--Twenty civil service departments in London. PARTICIPANTS--Altogether 6900 male and 3414 female civil servants aged 35-55 years. MAIN RESULTS--High levels of subject…
Change in health inequalities among British civil servants
Study objective: Despite an overall decline in mortality rates, the social gradient in mortality has increased over the past two decades. However, evidence on trends in morbidity and cardiovascular risk factors indicates that socioeconomic differences are static or narrowing. The objective of this study was to investigate morbidity and cardiovascular risk factor trends in white collar British civil servants. Design: Self rated health, longstandin…
Effect of breast-feeding on plasma cholesterol and weight in young adults
The relation between breast-feeding and plasma cholesterol level in adult life was examined in a longitudinal study of a sample of people born in 1946. One hundred and seventy-two subjects whose breast-feeding history had been recorded during infancy were examined when they were 32 years old. Women who had been breast-fed had significantly lower mean plasma cholesterol than women who had been bottle-fed (5.4 mmol/l compared with 5.9 mmol/l). For …
Socioeconomic differences in cancer survival
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and cancer survival. DESIGN--This was a prospective study, linking census and vital registration records for an approximate 1% representative sample of those enumerated in England and Wales in the 1971 census. SETTING--The study population is nationwide. PARTICIPANTS--The study sample consists of 250,588 men and 262,484 women. During 1971-81, 17,844 cases of…
Decline of the relative risk of death associated with low employment grade at older age
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the observed age related decline in the relative risk of death associated with low employment grade can be explained by the profiles of smoking, blood pressure and plasma cholesterol changing differently with age between the employment grades. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with 25 years of mortality follow up. SETTING: Whitehall study. PARTICIPANTS: There were 16,984 men aged 40 to 69 years at baseline with …
Reliability of data from proxy respondents in an international case-control study of cardiovascular disease and oral contraceptives. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Dis…
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reliability of data supplied in a case-control study by proxy respondents for cases who were too ill to do so themselves. DESIGN: A hospital based, case-control study of the current use of oral contraceptives (OC) and cardiovascular diseases. Data from "true" controls matched to a subset of cases were compared with those supplied by proxy respondents about the true controls. SETTING: Hospitals in 21 centres from …
Tackling health inequalities since the Acheson Inquiry
Policies are in place that could make a difference It has been said that there are two types of people in the world: those that think there are two types of people and those who do not. If I were not disbarred by the contradiction, I would belong to the second group. This applies to my view of health inequalities—both to the problem and its solutions. Health inequalities are not confined to differences in health between rich and poor; health foll…
Work disability following major organisational change
BACKGROUND: Privatisation and private sector practices have been increasingly applied to the public sector in many industrialised countries. Over the same period, long-term work disability has risen substantially. We examined whether a major organisational change--the transfer of public sector work to executive agencies run on private sector lines--was associated with an increased risk of work disability. METHODS: The study uses self-reported dat…
Socioeconomic position and cognitive decline using data from two waves
BACKGROUND: Analysis of change in health status using data from two waves can be examined either adjusted or unadjusted for baseline health status. The effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) on cognitive change was assessed using both these strategies and the implications of the analyses are discussed. METHODS: Data from 1261 men and 483 women of the Whitehall II cohort study, aged 50-55 years at wave 1, were used. Cognition was assessed at both …
What determines mortality risk in male former cigarette smokers
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to examine what factors determine the mortality experience of male ex-cigarette smokers, those who no longer smoke at all and those who changed to pipe or cigar smoking. METHODS. A cohort study was undertaken with 18-year mortality data on 19,018 men. RESULTS. Ex-cigarette smokers had an intermediate mortality risk compared with never and current smokers. Ex-cigarette smokers who switched to pipe smoking …
Changing social-class distribution of heart disease.
Analysis of mortality trends over 40 years in England and Wales showed that mortality from coronary heart disease had become progressively more common in working-class men and women than in those from the middle and upper classes. The change was most noticeable for men. Whereas in 1931 and 1951 heart disease was more common in men of social classes I and II, by 1961 it was more common in men of classes IV and V. This change in social-class distri…
Employment grade and coronary heart disease in British civil servants.
The relationship between grade of employment, coronary risk factors, and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality has been investigated in a longitudinal study of 17 530 civil servants working in London. After seven and a half years of follow-up there was a clear inverse relationship between grade of employment and CHD mortality. Men in the lowest grade (messengers) had 3.6 times the CHD mortality of men in the highest employment grade (administrat…
Effect of breast-feeding on plasma cholesterol and weight in young adults
The relation between breast-feeding and plasma cholesterol level in adult life was examined in a longitudinal study of a sample of people born in 1946. One hundred and seventy-two subjects whose breast-feeding history had been recorded during infancy were examined when they were 32 years old. Women who had been breast-fed had significantly lower mean plasma cholesterol than women who had been bottle-fed (5.4 mmol/l compared with 5.9 mmol/l). For …
Social class and coronary heart disease.
Over the past 40 years in England and Wales the rise in mortality from coronary heart disease has continued unabated among working-class men, whereas among professional men the rate has changed little for the past 20 years. As a result it is now 26 per cent higher in social class V compared with social class I. The difference in women is larger (+ 152%), and it has been present for at least 40 years. The social class gradient for men was confirme…
Lessons From the Study of Immigrant Mortality
Inequalities in Death—specific Explanations of a General Pattern?
Mortality Decline and Widening Social Inequalities
Social/Economic Status and Disease
In recent decades, there has been remarkable growth in scientific research examining the multiple ways in which racism can adversely affect health. This interest has been driven in part by the striking persistence of racial/ethnic inequities in health and ...Read More
Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians
Health inequalities among British civil servants
Socioeconomic differences in cancer survival
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and cancer survival. DESIGN--This was a prospective study, linking census and vital registration records for an approximate 1% representative sample of those enumerated in England and Wales in the 1971 census. SETTING--The study population is nationwide. PARTICIPANTS--The study sample consists of 250,588 men and 262,484 women. During 1971-81, 17,844 cases of…
Social deprivation and premature mortality
OBJECTIVE--To investigate the pattern and size of the relationship between social deprivation in electoral wards and premature mortality for each health region in England. DESIGN--Ecological study using 1981 census variables and data on mortality for 1981-5. SETTING--14 regional health authorities in England. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Mortality under the age of 65 years from all causes, coronary heart disease, and smoking related diseases in men and …
Explaining socioeconomic differences in sickness absence
OBJECTIVE--To describe and explain the socioeconomic gradient in sickness absence. DESIGN--Analysis of questionnaire and sickness absence data collected from the first phase of the Whitehall II study. Grade of employment was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. SETTING--20 civil service departments in London. SUBJECTS--6900 male and 3414 female civil servants aged 35-55 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Rates of short spells ( 7 days) of sickne…
Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To determine the effect of marital status on mortality for men. In particular, to examine whether subgroups of unmarried men (widowed, single, and divorced/separated men) have a similar mortality to married men. DESIGN--Cohort study. SETTING--Whitehall civil service, London, between 1967 and 1969. PARTICIPANTS--A total of 18,403 men aged 40-64 years with 18 years' follow up. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Cause-specific mortality…
What determines mortality risk in male former cigarette smokers
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to examine what factors determine the mortality experience of male ex-cigarette smokers, those who no longer smoke at all and those who changed to pipe or cigar smoking. METHODS. A cohort study was undertaken with 18-year mortality data on 19,018 men. RESULTS. Ex-cigarette smokers had an intermediate mortality risk compared with never and current smokers. Ex-cigarette smokers who switched to pipe smoking …
Health effects of anticipation of job change and non-employment
Objective : To assess the effect of anticipating job change or non-employment on self reported health status in a group of middle aged male and female white collar civil servants. Design : Longitudinal cohort study (Whitehall II study). Questionnaire data on self reported health status and health behaviour were obtained at initial screening and four years later, during the period when employees of the department facing privatisation were anticipa…
Work characteristics and psychiatric disorder in civil servants in London
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To describe the association between self reported and externally assessed work characteristics and psychiatric disorder. DESIGN--Analysis of questionnaire data collected from the first phase of the Whitehall II study, a cohort study of an employed population. SETTING--Twenty civil service departments in London. PARTICIPANTS--Altogether 6900 male and 3414 female civil servants aged 35-55 years. MAIN RESULTS--High levels of subject…
Do socioeconomic differences in mortality persist after retirement? 25 Year follow up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study
Objective : To assess the risk of death associated with work based and non-work based measures of socioeconomic status before and after retirement age. Design : Follow up study of mortality in relation to employment grade and car ownership over 25 years. Setting : The first Whitehall study. Subjects : 18 133 male civil servants aged 40–69 years who attended a screening examination between 1967 and 1970. Main outcome measure : Death. Results : Gra…
Reliability of data from proxy respondents in an international case-control study of cardiovascular disease and oral contraceptives. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Dis…
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reliability of data supplied in a case-control study by proxy respondents for cases who were too ill to do so themselves. DESIGN: A hospital based, case-control study of the current use of oral contraceptives (OC) and cardiovascular diseases. Data from "true" controls matched to a subset of cases were compared with those supplied by proxy respondents about the true controls. SETTING: Hospitals in 21 centres from …
Social inequality in coronary risk
An uncertain future
OBJECTIVES: This study examined changes in the health status of civil servants whose employment security was threatened. METHODS: Data were derived from a longitudinal cohort of 10,308 men and women, office staff in 20 British civil service departments. Physiological measurements, self-reported morbidity, and health-related behaviors for 530 members of the department under threat were compared with those of 19 other departments, during the period…
Work characteristics predict psychiatric disorder
OBJECTIVES: The impact of work on the risk of future psychiatric disorder has been examined in few longitudinal studies. This was examined prospectively in a large epidemiological study of civil servants. METHODS: In the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of 6895 male and 3413 female London based civil servants, work characteristics measured at baseline (phase 1: 1985-8) and first follow up (phase 2: 1989) were used to p…
When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare associations of childhood and adult socioeconomic position with cardiovascular risk factors measured in adulthood. To estimate the effects of adult socioeconomic position after adjustment for childhood circumstances. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey, using the relative index of inequality method to compare socioeconomic differences at different life stages. SETTING: The Whitehall II longitudinal study of men and women e…
Decline of the relative risk of death associated with low employment grade at older age
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the observed age related decline in the relative risk of death associated with low employment grade can be explained by the profiles of smoking, blood pressure and plasma cholesterol changing differently with age between the employment grades. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with 25 years of mortality follow up. SETTING: Whitehall study. PARTICIPANTS: There were 16,984 men aged 40 to 69 years at baseline with …
Change in health inequalities among British civil servants
Study objective: Despite an overall decline in mortality rates, the social gradient in mortality has increased over the past two decades. However, evidence on trends in morbidity and cardiovascular risk factors indicates that socioeconomic differences are static or narrowing. The objective of this study was to investigate morbidity and cardiovascular risk factor trends in white collar British civil servants. Design: Self rated health, longstandin…
Medicine (38 obras) · Demography (26 obras) · Gerontology (20 obras) · Internal Medicine (19 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (17 obras) · Environmental health (16 obras) · Population (15 obras) · Employment and Welfare Studies (14 obras) · Workplace Health and Well-being (13 obras) · Psychology (12 obras)