José Ignacio Hualde
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 554320 |
|---|---|
| NOME | José Ignacio Hualde |
| PRENOMES | José Ignacio |
| SOBRENOME | Hualde |
| ASSINATURA | HUALDE J I |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4969-2995 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 57 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 115 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 53 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 4 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1989 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Acoustic correlates of lexical stress in Córdoba Spanish
In Spanish, the most consistent correlate of lexical stress appears to be duration. Even in phrasal contexts where the pitch contour is flat over all syllables in the word (as in parentheticals) and where pitch prominence is displaced to a different syllable (under rhetorical stress), lexically stressed syllables are usually durationally enhanced. Given this, the phenomenon known as “tonada cordobesa” is of particular interest, since it involves …
On the historical link between accent and aspiration in Basque
The aim of this paper is to advance our understanding of the diachronic development of Basque prosody and related segmental processes. The discovery of regular correspondences between the distribution of aspiration in northeastern varieties and accentual patterns in the dialect of Goizueta (in western Navarre) allows us to establish correspondences between accentual classes for the entire Basque territory for the first time. As a result, we are a…
The history of the Basque pronoun zuek ‘you all’ and the role of demonstratives as plural markers
This paper elucidates the role of internal and external factors in the semantic evolution of Basque zu from ‘you. pl ’ to exclusively ‘you. sg ’ and in the development of Basque zuek ‘you. pl ’. Transparently, zuek involves suffixation of the demonstrative hek ‘those’ to zu . The neighboring Romance languages exhibit a parallel evolution that involves the adjectival collocation vōs alteros ‘you others’, but other similar constructions are recorde…
Back-formation and conversion in the historical grammar of Basque
The role played by back-formation processes in the creation of new Basque words is understudied. This paper confirms that back-formation has been a productive means of word-formation in Basque, by gathering examples from both older scholarship and recent studies. Basque has a productive morphological rule for deriving verbs from nouns and adjectives, as in handi ‘big’/ handi(tu) ‘become big’. In some cases, however, a noun or adjective has arguab…
Allophonic Variation in Romance Languages
The distinction between categorical phonological alternations and gradual phonetic processes is an important one in the study of sound systems. However, the correct classification of specific phenomena as belonging to phonology or to phonetics is often difficult. In recent years some researchers have argued that many processes traditionally understood as phonological alternations actually belong to the realm of gradient phonetics. Here I focus on…
Within-Speaker Perception and Production of Two Marginal Contrasts in Illinois English
The notion of marginal contrasts and other gradient relations challenges the classification of phones as either contrastive phonemes or allophones of the same phoneme. The existence of “fuzzy” or “intermediate” contrasts has implications for language acquisition and sound change. In this research, we examine production and perception of two marginal contrasts [ɑ-ɔ] (“ cot-caught ”), where two original phonemes are undergoing a merger, and [ʌi-aɪ]…
Markina Basque
This Illustration of the IPA describes the sound system of the local dialect of Basque ( euskara , euskera , IS0-639-3 eus) spoken in the town of Markina-Xemein, in the province of Bizkaia (Biscay), within the Basque Autonomous Community of Spain (see maps in Figures 1 and 2. Speakers of this local variety of Basque refer to it as markiñarra or Markiñeko euskerie
Old Basque had */χ/, not /h
The sound change from Latin /f/ to Old Spanish and Gascon /h/ has often been attributed to stratal influence from Basque. The motivation would be that Old Basque lacked /f/, and instead had a phoneme /h/, with which bilingual speakers replaced it when speaking in Romance. However, this hypothesis presents several difficulties. Most importantly, Navarrese Romance preserves Latin /f/, and in Basque itself, /f/ is adapted as /b/ in loanwords from La…
Acoustic differentiation of allophones of /aɪ/ in Chicagoland English
Diphthongs have a dynamic formant structure. Nevertheless, many quantitative studies of diphthongs are based on measurements at only two points, somewhere in the nucleus and somewhere in the glide. The question arises as to whether analyses based on values at only two points provide an adequate understanding of the dynamics of diphthongs. Wieling (2018) mentions the analysis of /aɪ/ raising in Chicago English in Hualde, Luchkina & Eager (2017) as…
Sound, structure and meaning
This study tests the influence of acoustic cues and non-acoustic contextual factors on listeners’ perception of prominence in three languages whose prominence systems differ in the phonological patterning of prominence and in the association of prominence with information structure—English, French and Spanish. Native speakers of each language performed an auditory rating task to mark prominent words in samples of conversational speech under two i…
From theme to rheme
We trace the evolution of two causal conjunctions of temporal origin in Catalan, pus (que) ‘since’ (later puix (que) ), which ultimately derives from Latin post ‘after,’ and ja que ‘since,’ ultimately from iam ‘already.’ We focus on the different causal meanings that these connectors may express at different stages. The analysis of our Catalan corpus, which spans from the 13th to the 20th century, reveals a clear diachronic tendency for clauses h…
Canadian Raising in Chicagoland
Final devoicing and deletion of /-d/ in Castilian Spanish
In the Spanish of north-western Spain, word-final /-d/ shows a remarkable variety of phonetic outcomes. Its possible realizations include voiced approximants, voiceless fricatives and voiced and voiceless plosives, in addition to the deletion of the segment. Here we examine this complex pattern of allophony in a corpus of conversational speech, focusing on the effect of the following phonological context. The results show that most commonly /-d/ …
Biomechanically Conditioned Variation at the Origin of Diachronic Intervocalic Voicing
This paper addresses the question of how synchronic variation in intervocalic voicing of voiceless obstruents, as observed in several languages (e.g., Rome Italian /lato/ [lato] ~ [lado]), may initiate and give rise to a regular sound change (e.g., /t/ > /d/ between vowels). We hypothesize that a biomechanically motivated linkage between male gender, speech rate, and voicing may provide a way to accelerate the spread of the phenomenon and lead to…
Catalan voiced prepalatals
Central Catalan ‘prepalatal’ (postalveolar) consonants show a complex phonological distribution. Whereas in word-internal intervocalic position a four-way opposition obtains, involving a contrast in voice and a fricative/affricate distinction, elsewhere at least one of the two oppositions is neutralized. Position in word determines whether affrication and/or voicing is contrastive. We study the effect of this factor as well as other phonetic fact…
Word accent and intonation in Baltic
Los sonidos del español
This accessible textbook provides a clear introduction to the sounds of Spanish. Assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics, it explains from scratch the fundamentals of phonetics (the study of speech sounds) and phonology (the study of sound systems) and describes in detail the phonetic and phonological characteristics of Spanish as it is spoken in both Spain and Latin America. Topics covered include consonants, vowels, acoustics, stress, syllab…
Intervocalic lenition and word-boundary effects
The lenition of intervocalic consonants is typically phonologized in sound change only within word domains. At first blush, this morphological restriction might seem to contradict the Neogrammarian hypothesis of exclusively phonetic conditioning in sound change. In this paper I examine the weakening of intervocalic voiced stops/affricates in Istanbul Judeo-Spanish. Comparison with Old Spanish shows that in the native lexicon intervocalic lenition…
Palatal Complexity Revisited
Are palatal consonants articulated by multiple tongue gestures (coronal and dorsal) or by a single gesture that brings the tongue into contact with the palate at several places of articulation? The lenition of palatal consonants (resulting in approximants) has been presented as evidence that palatals are simple, not complex: When reduced, they do not lose their coronal gesture and become dorsals; instead, they manifest reduced linguopalatal conta…
Acoustic Correlates of Emphatic Stress in Central Catalan
A common feature of public speech in Catalan is the placement of prominence on lexically unstressed syllables (“emphatic stress”). This paper presents an acoustic study of radio speech data. Instances of emphatic stress were perceptually identified. Within-word comparison between vowels with emphatic stress and vowels with primary lexical stress reveals that the former are characterized by having a high tone, higher F0 scaling, and greater intens…
Two Basque accentual systems and the notion of pitch-accent language
Grammar of Basque
Istanbul Judeo-Spanish
The Judeo-Spanish speaking population of Istanbul is the result of migrations that were due to the edict of expulsion of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella in 1492. The Ottoman ruler Bayezid II provided a haven to the exiles in his realm, and many came as immigrants to the capital Istanbul and other major port cities in that year. A continuous trickle of immigration of Jews originating in Spain continued after that date, as some of those who had g…
Goizueta Basque
Goizueta is a small town in northwestern Navarre, Spain, bordering Gipuzkoa. According to the most recent official figures, it has slightly over 800 inhabitants, about 95% of whom speak Basque (2001, Instituto de Estadística de Navarra). All inhabitants (except for young children) also speak Spanish. In the school system standard Basque and, to a lesser extent, Spanish are used. Older speakers (those born before 1970 or so) were educated exclusiv…
Unstressed words in Spanish
Sound, structure and meaning
This study tests the influence of acoustic cues and non-acoustic contextual factors on listeners’ perception of prominence in three languages whose prominence systems differ in the phonological patterning of prominence and in the association of prominence with information structure—English, French and Spanish. Native speakers of each language performed an auditory rating task to mark prominent words in samples of conversational speech under two i…
The standardization of the Basque language
The standardization process of the Basque language presents some unusual characteristics. Although some of the first authors to publish in Basque in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries explicitly remarked on the difficulties brought about by dialectal diversity, very little progress in the standardization of the language was made until the second half of the twentieth century. Even the impact of the rise of Basque nationalism at the end of th…
On the diphthong/hiatus contrast in Spanish
Some Spanish dialects have a lexical contrast between sequences in hiatus and diphthongs. Thus, whereas, for instance, dueto 'duet' admits a trisyllabic pronunciation with the sequence ue realized in hiatus [du.e.to], the word duelo 'sorrow' can only be pronounced as bisyllabic [dwe.lo]. Similarly, [pi.e] I chirped' contrasts with [pje] foot' in this manner. The interest of this phenomenon lies in the fact that it represents a clear case of phono…
Goizueta Basque
Goizueta is a small town in northwestern Navarre, Spain, bordering Gipuzkoa. According to the most recent official figures, it has slightly over 800 inhabitants, about 95% of whom speak Basque (2001, Instituto de Estadística de Navarra). All inhabitants (except for young children) also speak Spanish. In the school system standard Basque and, to a lesser extent, Spanish are used. Older speakers (those born before 1970 or so) were educated exclusiv…
Unstressed words in Spanish
Lexical tone and stress in Goizueta Basque
Research in the past few decades has shown that Northern Bizkaian Basque possesses a pitch-accent system of the Tokyo Japanese type, with a contrast between lexically accented and unaccented words. There is, however, a separate area of the Basque-speaking territory where we also find tonal accent phenomena: Western Navarre. In comparison with Northern Bizkaian, the Western Navarrese prosodic system has remained under-studied and ill-understood. I…
Autosegmental and metrical spreading in the vowel-harmony systems of northwestern Spain
Biomechanically Conditioned Variation at the Origin of Diachronic Intervocalic Voicing
This paper addresses the question of how synchronic variation in intervocalic voicing of voiceless obstruents, as observed in several languages (e.g., Rome Italian /lato/ [lato] ~ [lado]), may initiate and give rise to a regular sound change (e.g., /t/ > /d/ between vowels). We hypothesize that a biomechanically motivated linkage between male gender, speech rate, and voicing may provide a way to accelerate the spread of the phenomenon and lead to…
Two Basque accentual systems and the notion of pitch-accent language
Postlexical contraction of nonhigh vowels in Spanish
Canadian Raising in Chicagoland
Tonal and durational correlates of accent in contexts of downstep in Lekeitio Basque
In this paper we examine the realization of accentual prominence in downstep contexts (i.e. after another accented word) in the Northern Bizkaian Basque dialect of Lekeitio. Previous work has suggested that pitch is the primary correlate of accent in this language. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that in contexts where pitch differences are likely to be reduced or perhaps eliminated, duration will be recruited to convey accentual prominence…
A gap filled
The investigation of the accentual systems of the languages of the world within metrical phonology has revealed that the typology of accentual systems is severely constrained. Theoretical considerations also allow us to predict the existence of certain accentual systems and to point out typological gaps. In particular, accent on the third syllable in quantity-insensitive systems, the mirror image of antepenultimate accent, has been considered an …
Catalan voiced prepalatals
Central Catalan ‘prepalatal’ (postalveolar) consonants show a complex phonological distribution. Whereas in word-internal intervocalic position a four-way opposition obtains, involving a contrast in voice and a fricative/affricate distinction, elsewhere at least one of the two oppositions is neutralized. Position in word determines whether affrication and/or voicing is contrastive. We study the effect of this factor as well as other phonetic fact…
Acoustic Correlates of Emphatic Stress in Central Catalan
A common feature of public speech in Catalan is the placement of prominence on lexically unstressed syllables (“emphatic stress”). This paper presents an acoustic study of radio speech data. Instances of emphatic stress were perceptually identified. Within-word comparison between vowels with emphatic stress and vowels with primary lexical stress reveals that the former are characterized by having a high tone, higher F0 scaling, and greater intens…
Istanbul Judeo-Spanish
The Judeo-Spanish speaking population of Istanbul is the result of migrations that were due to the edict of expulsion of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella in 1492. The Ottoman ruler Bayezid II provided a haven to the exiles in his realm, and many came as immigrants to the capital Istanbul and other major port cities in that year. A continuous trickle of immigration of Jews originating in Spain continued after that date, as some of those who had g…
On system-driven sound change
The prosodic system of the Basque dialect of Getxo
Palatal Complexity Revisited
Are palatal consonants articulated by multiple tongue gestures (coronal and dorsal) or by a single gesture that brings the tongue into contact with the palate at several places of articulation? The lenition of palatal consonants (resulting in approximants) has been presented as evidence that palatals are simple, not complex: When reduced, they do not lose their coronal gesture and become dorsals; instead, they manifest reduced linguopalatal conta…
Accentuation and empty vowels in Ondarroa Basque
Empty consonants and other CV-tier effects in Aranese Gascon
Allophonic Variation in Romance Languages
The distinction between categorical phonological alternations and gradual phonetic processes is an important one in the study of sound systems. However, the correct classification of specific phenomena as belonging to phonology or to phonetics is often difficult. In recent years some researchers have argued that many processes traditionally understood as phonological alternations actually belong to the realm of gradient phonetics. Here I focus on…
Silabeo y estructura morfemica en espanol
Silabeo y estructura morfemica en espanol
Autosegmental and metrical spreading in the vowel-harmony systems of northwestern Spain
Compensatory Lengthening in Friulian
Aspiration and Resyllabification in Chinato Spanish
Empty consonants and other CV-tier effects in Aranese Gascon
On The Historical Origin of Basque Accentuation
From a diachronic point of view, the study of Basque accentuation presents the problem of accounting for the very different accentual systems that are found nowadays within the Basque-speaking territory. Whereas in a large central area there is no contrastive word accent, systems with phonologically distinctive accentuation are found both in eastern and western regions. The accentual systems of some western varieties are especially complex and ar…
Generative Studies in Basque Linguistics
In part due to its exotic place within the languages of Europe, but mainly because of its basic typological differences with better-described languages, Basque has often attracted the interest of linguists of very different theoretical persuasions. This book presents a collection of articles which are representative of work being done on Basque at the moment from a generative perspective. Most of the major issues in Basque Syntax, Morphology and …
Basque Phonology
The prosodic system of the Basque dialect of Getxo
Catalan
A New Hypothesis on the Origin of the Eastern Andalusian Vowel System
Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Historical Issues in Sociolinguistics/Social Issues in Historical Linguistics (1995)
Generative Studies in Basque Linguistics
Towards a History of the Basque Language
Questions related to the origin and history of the Basque language spark considerable interest, since it is the only surviving pre-Indo-European language in western Europe. However, until now, there was no readily available source in English providing answers to these questions or giving an overview of past and current research in this area. This book is intended to partly fill this void. The book contains both state-of-the-art papers which summa…
Accentuation and empty vowels in Ondarroa Basque
The Basque dialect of Lekeitio
A gap filled
The investigation of the accentual systems of the languages of the world within metrical phonology has revealed that the typology of accentual systems is severely constrained. Theoretical considerations also allow us to predict the existence of certain accentual systems and to point out typological gaps. In particular, accent on the third syllable in quantity-insensitive systems, the mirror image of antepenultimate accent, has been considered an …
Patterns of Correspondence in the Adaptation of Spanish Borrowings in Basque
Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (2000)
Vowel interaction and related phenomena in Basque and the nature of morphophonological knowledge
Basque possesses a number of complex and very productive alternations aecting vowel sequences. In generative phonology these alternations have been considered a textbook example of extrinsic rule order (cf. Kenstowicz and Kisseberth 1979; Kenstowicz 1994). Lako (1993) shows that the Basque facts can be analyzed within his cognitive phonology model without employing the psychologically highly problematic mechanism of rule order. Lako's model, howe…
On the Accented/Unaccented Distinction in Western Basque and the Typology of Accentual Systems
Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Aspect (2000)
On system-driven sound change
On the diphthong/hiatus contrast in Spanish
Some Spanish dialects have a lexical contrast between sequences in hiatus and diphthongs. Thus, whereas, for instance, dueto 'duet' admits a trisyllabic pronunciation with the sequence ue realized in hiatus [du.e.to], the word duelo 'sorrow' can only be pronounced as bisyllabic [dwe.lo]. Similarly, [pi.e] I chirped' contrasts with [pje] foot' in this manner. The interest of this phenomenon lies in the fact that it represents a clear case of phono…
A Grammar of Basque
As the only surviving pre-Indo-European language of western Europe, Basque has often attracted the interest of linguists. Whereas, traditionally, descriptive work on Basque has primarily focused on morphological features, including its complex system of verb-argument agreement and its strict ergative pattern of inflection, during the last two decades a new generation of Basque linguists has produced very sophisticated, theoretically-informed work…
Tonal and durational correlates of accent in contexts of downstep in Lekeitio Basque
In this paper we examine the realization of accentual prominence in downstep contexts (i.e. after another accented word) in the Northern Bizkaian Basque dialect of Lekeitio. Previous work has suggested that pitch is the primary correlate of accent in this language. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that in contexts where pitch differences are likely to be reduced or perhaps eliminated, duration will be recruited to convey accentual prominence…
Basque Phonology
This book is the first comprehensive treatment of the phonological system of Basque available in English. Basque is a morphologically rich and fairly regular language with a number of active phonological rules that are limited to certain morphological environments. In addition, it has a high degree of dialectical fragmentation. These characteristics of Basque make this language a good test ground to investigate the interaction of phonological rul…
Introducción a la lingüística hispánica
Linguistics (49 obras) · Philosophy (42 obras) · Phonetics and Phonology Research (39 obras) · History (31 obras) · Spanish Linguistics and Language Studies (29 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (27 obras) · Computer Science (23 obras) · Psychology (22 obras) · Basque language and culture studies (20 obras) · Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation (16 obras)