Stephan Fuchs
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 5701030 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Stephan Fuchs |
| PRENOMES | Stephan |
| SOBRENOME | Fuchs |
| ASSINATURA | FUCHS S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Virginia |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1338-2699 |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 58 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 383 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 59 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1939 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
O dom de Heidegger
Neste artigo, o autor aplica, implicitamente, a teoria de Luhmann sobre o observador para reconstruir a fenomenologia do dom originário de Martin Heidegger. A relação entre Dasein e o mundo é dada, mas aparece de forma diferente de acordo com o modo de mundação. Na modernidade, a metafísica do sujeito e do objeto cobre o mundo. O pensamento que desvela o dom é uma gratidão
On the Coming End of Sociology
Trust and Power
History and heritage of two Midwestern towns
An Integrated Approach to Germanic Place Names in the American Midwest
Place names represent an established topic in sociocultural and critical scholarship on human space and place. Based on a comprehensive data set of Germanic names in the American Midwest, this article explores the value of a novel approach integrating advanced spatio-statistical measures with critical interpretation to revitalize the field of toponomy on a concerted methodological and theoretical level. Processed in a geographic information syste…
How Not To Do (Field) Theory
Kulturelle Netzwerke Zu einer relationalen Soziologie symbolischer Formen1
Welche Rolle spielt der Begriff „Kultur“ in der relationalen Soziologie, also etwa in der Systemtheorie oder Netzwerkforschung? Die Systemtheorie untersucht das Verhältnis von Gesellschaftsstruktur und Semantik und stellt dabei fest, dass kulturelle Formen und Strukturen der Gesellschaft einander „entsprechen“ und miteinander „korrespondieren“. Zwar wird das Verhältnis von Sozialstruktur und Kultur nicht kausal verstanden und auch wird Kultur nic…
Against Essentialism
The Behavior of Cultural Networks
Bis vor kurzem hat sich die Netzwerkforschung kaum um die kulturelle Dimension von Netzwerken gekümmert, und die Systemtheorie sieht Kultur lediglich als semantisches Korrelat und Echo sozialer Strukturen. Demgegenüber wird hier vorgeschlagen, Kulturen als Netzwerke eigener Art zu verstehen und deren Verhalten netzwerktheoretisch zu analysieren. So differenzieren sich kulturelle Netzwerke beispielsweise in Kernbereiche und Peripherien mit untersc…
Agency (and Intention)
Agency is a fundamental and foundational category and puzzle in virtually all social sciences and humanities. Debates over agency have emerged together with these fields, and continue unabated into the present time, with no resolution or consensus in sight. While many agree that agency, action, and actor are basic in some sense, controversies persist over the definition, range, and explanatory status of these concepts. In addition, agency is cont…
What Makes Sciences “Scientific?”
Some Writing on Thinking and Talking
Eine weitverbreitete Gewohnheit plaziert Denken und Gedanken in das Bewußtsein von Personen. Gegen diese Gewohnheit wird erwogen, ob nicht das Denken durch uns denkt, und nicht in uns. Der Prozeß des Denkens ist über weite Strecken unbewußt. Ein »Gedanke« ist eine Kondensierung innerhalb dieses Prozesses. Was Gedanken bedeuten, wird nicht im Bewußtsein entschieden, sondern innerhalb der regionalen Kommunikationsnetzwerke, in die Gedanken eingefüt…
Against Essentialism
Against Essentialism
Networks
Die empirische Reichweite und Erklärungskraft von Netzwerkmodellen wird anhand verschiedener Anwendungsfelder wie der Bildung sozialer Bewegungen und neuronaler Netze überprüft, um eine allgemeinen Theorie des Verhaltens von Netzwerken zu skizzieren. Dabei stellt sich heraus, daß Netzwerke einige gemeinsame Eigenschaften aufweisen, z.B. Driftprozesse und eine Kern/Peripherie-Differenzierung. In Kultur-Netzwerken besteht der Kern aus Institutionen…
Against Essentialism
Fuchs presents a new approach to the construction of society, culture, and personhood. This interdisciplinary, foundational work deals with issues common to current debates in social theory, including society, culture, meaning, truth, and communication, inviting social scientists and philosophers to see what happens when essentialism is abandoned
Beyond Agency
The reason why agency/structure and micro/macro debates remain unresolved is the bad essentialist habit of treating such pairs as opposite natural kinds. Once variation is allowed, agency and structure, or micro and macro, are temporary poles bracketing a continuum, with social entities moving along this continuum over time. Explaining these transformations from agency into structure, or micro into macro, and vice versa is the challenge for expla…
Niklas Luhmann
Niklas Luhmann
Social Science
The social conditions of cumulation
Sociology and Social Movements
The relationship between sociology and social movements can be conceptualized in a variety of ways, both and normative. First, we want to argue for pragmatic usefulness of distinguishing between and matters, and then give some examples for how sociological research on social movements might proceed. Since, frequently, activist arguments against doing sociology as a are grounded on misunderstandings about what science is, we next discuss some rece…
The Reinvention of Politics
Introduction. 1. The Age of Side Effects: On the Politicization of Modernity. 2. The Construction of the Other Side of Modernity: Counter--modernization. 3. Subpolitics -- The Individual Returns to Society. 4. Ways to Alternative Modernities. 5. The Reinvention of Politics. 6. The Art of Doubt. Notes. Bibliography. Index
American Astronomy
On social structure and science
Against Essentialism
Fuchs presents a new approach to the construction of society, culture, and personhood. This interdisciplinary, foundational work deals with issues common to current debates in social theory, including society, culture, meaning, truth, and communication, inviting social scientists and philosophers to see what happens when essentialism is abandoned
Beyond Agency
The reason why agency/structure and micro/macro debates remain unresolved is the bad essentialist habit of treating such pairs as opposite natural kinds. Once variation is allowed, agency and structure, or micro and macro, are temporary poles bracketing a continuum, with social entities moving along this continuum over time. Explaining these transformations from agency into structure, or micro into macro, and vice versa is the challenge for expla…
Knowledge as Culture
Drawing on the Marxist, French structuralist and American pragmatist traditions, this is a lively and accessible introduction to the sociology of knowledge
Social Determinants of Racial Prejudice
In the sociology of racial prejudice, two major paradigms can be distinguished: Cultural-environmental and social class or conflict paradigms. On the basis of Durkheimian theory, it is hypothesized that cultural-environmental variables (education, knowledge) offer stronger and more consistent explanations of racial prejudice than status variables (self-perceived class position, occupational prestige, income). To test this hypothesis, National Opi…
What is Deconstruction, and Where and When Does it Take Place? Making Facts in Science, Building Cases in Law
There are two forms of deconstruction. Radical DECONSTRUCTION is rare. It is a sign of deep crisis and extraordinary skepticism among intellectual workers facing high uncertainty. Moderate deconstruction, however, occurs wherever conflicts over knowledge are built into the competitive and adversarial structure of social fields. We illustrate the social dynamics of moderate deconstruction for two specific cases: making facts in science and buildin…
What Makes a Science 'Mature
Since sociology's titular founding (Comte, 1830-1842), discourse on nature of sociology as a has been a major preoccupation. On one side of longstanding debate are those who openly admire and seek to emulate more mature sciences, especially physics. In this tradition stands Auguste Comte's (1830-1842) effort to create a social physics, although it is Popper's (1959) portrayal of logic of discovery that has had most impact on how scientific sociol…
Antiquity and Capitalism
Tautology and Paradox in the Self-Descriptions of Modern Society
Over the past two decades, Niklas Luhmann has elaborated a general functionalist theory of that continues the program of the grand tradition in theory to develop theories of universal range and applicability. But while current discussions in theory focus on reinterpreting, reconstructing, and synthesizing the classics, Luhmann's work is based on recent developments in general theory, cybernetics, biological epistemology, and information theory-to…
An Integrated Approach to Germanic Place Names in the American Midwest
Place names represent an established topic in sociocultural and critical scholarship on human space and place. Based on a comprehensive data set of Germanic names in the American Midwest, this article explores the value of a novel approach integrating advanced spatio-statistical measures with critical interpretation to revitalize the field of toponomy on a concerted methodological and theoretical level. Processed in a geographic information syste…
On the Coming End of Sociology
A Sociological Theory of Scientific Change
In current science studies, there are only few systematic efforts at explaining how different scientific specialties change over time. Such specialties are viewed here as organizations in which workers deal with various degrees of task uncertainty and mutual dependence. The sociological theory of change suggests that scientific change is generally triggered by competition, but that various types of change depend on the social organization and sta…
Three Sociological Epistemologies
Three epistemologies-pragmatism, positivism, and hermeneutics-are sociologically explained as the ideologies of different groups doing various kinds of scientific work. These ideologies are shaped by the material conditions and social structures of scientific work in different areas of the sciences. Pragmatism is the ideology of research fronts that constantly produce change and innovation; positivism is the ideology of normal science with its ro…
The Social Organization of Scientific Knowledge
We can distinguish between two different ways of conceptualizing scientific knowledge. Traditional epistemology has been concerned with the epistemic conditions under which science can produce and as accurate accounts of For empiricist epistemology, signifies the intrinsic property of sentences that are not selected by a community of producers and validators but by reality itself. Scientists select hypotheses; reality selects or sufficiently corr…
On the Microfoundations of Macrosociology
Recent microsociological reductionisms claim that societal and organizational macrostructures can be 'reduced to,' 'explained in terms of' or 'translated into' the dynamics of elementary interaction systems. Two critical lines of argumentation challenge this claim. First, neofunctionalist systems theory is drawn on to show that reductionist strategies fail to acknowledge the emergent differences between types of social systems and thus run into d…
How Not To Do (Field) Theory
Agency (and Intention)
Agency is a fundamental and foundational category and puzzle in virtually all social sciences and humanities. Debates over agency have emerged together with these fields, and continue unabated into the present time, with no resolution or consensus in sight. While many agree that agency, action, and actor are basic in some sense, controversies persist over the definition, range, and explanatory status of these concepts. In addition, agency is cont…
History and heritage of two Midwestern towns
The social conditions of cumulation
Sociology and Social Movements
The relationship between sociology and social movements can be conceptualized in a variety of ways, both and normative. First, we want to argue for pragmatic usefulness of distinguishing between and matters, and then give some examples for how sociological research on social movements might proceed. Since, frequently, activist arguments against doing sociology as a are grounded on misunderstandings about what science is, we next discuss some rece…
Social Systems
The new wars of truth
The current debates and conflicts over constructivist science studies are, in part, conflicts over organizational territory and professional discretion. Once a distinction between several levels of observation is being drawn, however, seemingly incompatible approaches to truth, rationality, and objectivity can be reconciled. This reconciliation between science and its constructivist observers builds upon a moral order shared by all communications…
Ecological Communication.Niklas Luhmann , John Bernarz, Jr
Ist die Soziologie gesellschaftlich irrelevant
Die verbreiteten Klagen über die praktische Irrelevanz der Soziologie scheinen in der Verwendungsforschung eine Bestätigung zu finden. Deren Grundproblem ist die Nicht-Identifizierbarkeit soziologischen Wissens in Praxiskontexten. Unsere These ist, daß diese empirische Nicht-Identifizierbarkeit nicht einfach als faktische Nicht-Verwendung und damit als gesellschaftliche Irrelevanz der Soziologie zu deuten, sondern auf theoretische Mängel in der K…
Against Essentialism
The Sociology and Paradoxes of Deconstruction
he most distressing fact about Agger's (1994) critique of our paper (Fuchs and Ward 1994) is that he has nothing at all to say about the substance of our argument. We explain why different scientific organizations have different cognitive styles and why skepticism and relativism are more likely in some fields than in others. In brief, we argue that the sort of radical DECONSTRUCTION practiced by workers in postmodern cultural studies, literary th…
Birth and Childhood among the Balahis
What Makes a Science 'Mature
Since sociology's titular founding (Comte, 1830-1842), discourse on nature of sociology as a has been a major preoccupation. On one side of longstanding debate are those who openly admire and seek to emulate more mature sciences, especially physics. In this tradition stands Auguste Comte's (1830-1842) effort to create a social physics, although it is Popper's (1959) portrayal of logic of discovery that has had most impact on how scientific sociol…
The Social Organization of Scientific Knowledge
We can distinguish between two different ways of conceptualizing scientific knowledge. Traditional epistemology has been concerned with the epistemic conditions under which science can produce and as accurate accounts of For empiricist epistemology, signifies the intrinsic property of sentences that are not selected by a community of producers and validators but by reality itself. Scientists select hypotheses; reality selects or sufficiently corr…
A Sociological Theory of Law
Niklas Luhmann is recognised as a major social theorist, and his treatise on the sociology of law is a classic text. For Luhmann, law provides the framework of the state, lawyers are the main human resource for the state, and legal theory provides the most suitable base from which to theorize on the nature of society. He explores the concept of law in the light of a general theory of social systems, showing the important part law plays in resolvi…
Tautology and Paradox in the Self-Descriptions of Modern Society
Over the past two decades, Niklas Luhmann has elaborated a general functionalist theory of that continues the program of the grand tradition in theory to develop theories of universal range and applicability. But while current discussions in theory focus on reinterpreting, reconstructing, and synthesizing the classics, Luhmann's work is based on recent developments in general theory, cybernetics, biological epistemology, and information theory-to…
Sinn, Kommunikation und Soziale Differenzierung
Ist die Soziologie gesellschaftlich irrelevant
Die verbreiteten Klagen über die praktische Irrelevanz der Soziologie scheinen in der Verwendungsforschung eine Bestätigung zu finden. Deren Grundproblem ist die Nicht-Identifizierbarkeit soziologischen Wissens in Praxiskontexten. Unsere These ist, daß diese empirische Nicht-Identifizierbarkeit nicht einfach als faktische Nicht-Verwendung und damit als gesellschaftliche Irrelevanz der Soziologie zu deuten, sondern auf theoretische Mängel in der K…
Second Thoughts on Emergent Interaction Orders
I was very pleased with Donald Levine's (1989) effort to rediscover the lost classic Georg Simmel for social theory. Despite his continuing influence on functionalist conflict sociology, small group research, or exchange theory, contemporary social theorists regard Simmel as a semi-classic only (Fuchs 1988c). And Levine is certainly right in pointing out that part of the reason for Simmel's marginal intellectual legacy is that his oeuvre escaped …
Social Determinants of Racial Prejudice
In the sociology of racial prejudice, two major paradigms can be distinguished: Cultural-environmental and social class or conflict paradigms. On the basis of Durkheimian theory, it is hypothesized that cultural-environmental variables (education, knowledge) offer stronger and more consistent explanations of racial prejudice than status variables (self-perceived class position, occupational prestige, income). To test this hypothesis, National Opi…
On the Microfoundations of Macrosociology
Recent microsociological reductionisms claim that societal and organizational macrostructures can be 'reduced to,' 'explained in terms of' or 'translated into' the dynamics of elementary interaction systems. Two critical lines of argumentation challenge this claim. First, neofunctionalist systems theory is drawn on to show that reductionist strategies fail to acknowledge the emergent differences between types of social systems and thus run into d…
Prejudice as Lifeform
Sociological research on racial prejudice has generated consistent and reliable empirical findings on the social determinants of prejudice, but comprehensive theoretical explanations of the social forces that promote prejudice tend to be controversial. Two such theoretical perspectives are examined and then compared for their ability to explain prejudice; namely Durkheim's theory of cognition and the neoevolutionist approach to sociocultural mode…
Ecological Communication.Niklas Luhmann , John Bernarz, Jr
Metatheory as Cognitive Style
The current debates on metatheory in sociology do not account for the fact that metatheorizing, as a distinct intellectual activity, is unequally distributed throughout the sciences. As a reflexive and critical subspecialty, metatheory and metasociology are more likely to routinely accompany work in loosely coupled and highly controversial disciplines. The theory of scientific organizations explains the propensity for metatheorizing as the outcom…
Interaction Systems and Power Networks
In his attempt to design a Saussurian theory of the interaction order, Nicos Mouzelis (1992) objects to my suggestion as to how to conceptualize the specificity of interaction systems. In an earlier exchange with Anne Rawls (1987, 1988), I used Luhmann's (1982) notion of autopoiesis, the self-referential constitution of various types of social systems, in order to distinguish between interaction, organization, and society as irreducible and emerg…
Scientific Growth
Metatheory and the Sociology of Sociology
Politics, Death, and the Devil
The Professional Quest for Truth
Striking the Mother Lode in Science
Antiquity and Capitalism
A Sociological Theory of Scientific Change
In current science studies, there are only few systematic efforts at explaining how different scientific specialties change over time. Such specialties are viewed here as organizations in which workers deal with various degrees of task uncertainty and mutual dependence. The sociological theory of change suggests that scientific change is generally triggered by competition, but that various types of change depend on the social organization and sta…
Three Sociological Epistemologies
Three epistemologies-pragmatism, positivism, and hermeneutics-are sociologically explained as the ideologies of different groups doing various kinds of scientific work. These ideologies are shaped by the material conditions and social structures of scientific work in different areas of the sciences. Pragmatism is the ideology of research fronts that constantly produce change and innovation; positivism is the ideology of normal science with its ro…
The Sociology and Paradoxes of Deconstruction
he most distressing fact about Agger's (1994) critique of our paper (Fuchs and Ward 1994) is that he has nothing at all to say about the substance of our argument. We explain why different scientific organizations have different cognitive styles and why skepticism and relativism are more likely in some fields than in others. In brief, we argue that the sort of radical DECONSTRUCTION practiced by workers in postmodern cultural studies, literary th…
What is Deconstruction, and Where and When Does it Take Place? Making Facts in Science, Building Cases in Law
There are two forms of deconstruction. Radical DECONSTRUCTION is rare. It is a sign of deep crisis and extraordinary skepticism among intellectual workers facing high uncertainty. Moderate deconstruction, however, occurs wherever conflicts over knowledge are built into the competitive and adversarial structure of social fields. We illustrate the social dynamics of moderate deconstruction for two specific cases: making facts in science and buildin…
The Professional Quest for Truth
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