Pat Barclay
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 631064 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Pat Barclay |
| PRENOMES | Pat |
| SOBRENOME | Barclay |
| ASSINATURA | BARCLAY P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Guelph |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7905-9069 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 32 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 32 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2004 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Investing in a friend
Behavioral consequences of blunting fear with acetaminophen
The widely used painkiller acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol) has been found to blunt various emotional states and evaluations, possibly through the same mechanisms by which it dulls the affective component of physical pain. However, there are limited investigations into the behavioral consequences of blunting emotions pharmacologically. Previous work has demonstrated that acetaminophen lessens risk perception and increases risk-taking in …
Observation Moderates the Moral Licensing Effect
Moral licensing occurs when someone who initially behaves morally subsequently acts less morally. We apply reputation-based theories to predict when and why it occurs. As pre-registered, we predicted: (1) being observed would be associated with larger licensing effects and (2) unambiguous outcomes would have smaller licensing effects. In a multi-level meta-analysis of 115 experiments ( N = 21,770), moral licensing was stronger when participants w…
Accordance and conflict between religious and scientific precautions against Covid-19 in 27 societies
Meaning-making systems underlie perceptions of the efficacy of threat-mitigating behaviors. Religion and science both offer threat mitigation, yet these meaning-making systems are often considered incompatible. Do such epistemological conflicts swamp the desire to employ diverse precautions against threats? Or do individuals—particularly individuals who are highly reactive to threats—hedge their bets by using multiple threat-mitigating practices …
Wealth or generosity? People choose partners based on whichever is more variable
Organisms benefit from choosing partners who are willing and able to provide them with benefits (e.g., choose based on warmth, competence, wealth). But which should they prefer in a partner – willingness or abilities? We tested the hypothesis that people will focus on whichever trait is more variable in others: the more variance there is in a trait, the greater the difference there is between the “best” and “worst”, so the more that trait will im…
Equivalence, causality, and cultural evolution
Are papers in Evolution & Human Behavior easy? A review of Scientific Papers Made Easy
Mutual cooperation gives you a stake in your partner’s welfare, especially if they are irreplaceable
Why do we care so much for friends-much more than one might predict from reciprocity alone? According to a recent theory, organisms who cooperate with each other come to have a stake in each other's well-being: A good cooperator is worth protecting-even anonymously if necessary-so they can be available to cooperate in the future. Here, we present three experiments showing that reciprocity creates a stake in a partner's well-being, such that peopl…
Expressed disapproval does not sustain long-term cooperation as effectively as costly punishment
Punishment plays a role in human cooperation, but it is costly. Prior research shows that people are more cooperative when they expect to receive negative feedback for non-cooperation, even in the absence of costly punishment, which would have interesting implications for theory and applications. However, based on theories of habituation and cue-based learning, we propose that people will learn to ignore expressions of disapproval that are not cl…
Do Household Political Campaign Signs Help Win Vote Share
Canadian election campaigns often see a proliferation of political signs at the start of an election, but are they worth the effort? We examined official results at the poll level (N = 785) from elections agencies and the quantities of household signs recorded in internal political party databases (Green Parties of Canada, Manitoba, and Ontario). Overall, the results suggest that the use of household signs is an effective form of political campai…
Disgust sensitivity relates to attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women across 31 nations
Previous work has reported a relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice toward various social groups, including gay men and lesbian women. It is currently unknown whether this association is present across cultures, or specific to North America. Analyses of survey data from adult heterosexuals ( N = 11,200) from 31 countries showed a small relation between pathogen disgust sensitivity (an individual-difference measure of pathog…
Democratic Competition for Rank, Cooperation, and Deception in Small Groups
Objective Stratified groups face at least two obstacles in solving collective action problems and producing public goods. Individuals face temptation to free ride, and high‐ranking group members face incentives to protect their position at the group's expense. We introduce democratic competition for rank as a solution to the problem of cooperation in groups. We argue that democratic competition for high rank creates incentives for cooperation tha…
The effects of social vs. asocial threats on group cooperation and manipulation of perceived threats
High voice pitch mitigates the aversiveness of antisocial cues in men's speech
Speech contains both explicit social information in semantic content and implicit cues to social behaviour and mate quality in voice pitch. Voice pitch has been demonstrated to have pervasive effects on social perceptions, but few studies have examined these perceptions in the context of meaningful speech. Here, we examined whether male voice pitch interacted with socially relevant cues in speech to influence listeners' perceptions of trustworthi…
Men's voice pitch influences women's trusting behavior
The influence of voice pitch on perceptions of trustworthiness across social contexts
Altruism predicts mating success in humans
In order for non-kin altruism to evolve, altruists must receive fitness benefits for their actions that outweigh the costs. Several researchers have suggested that altruism is a costly signal of desirable qualities, such that it could have evolved by sexual selection. In two studies, we show that altruism is broadly linked with mating success. In Study 1, participants who scored higher on a self-report altruism measure reported they were more des…
Partner choice versus punishment in human Prisoner’s Dilemmas
We can see inside
Humans form impressions and make social judgments about others based on information that is quickly and easily available, such as facial and vocal traits. The evolutionary function of impression formation and social judgment mechanisms have received limited attention in psychology research; we argue that their function is to accurately forecast the behavior of others. There is some evidence for the predictive accuracy of social judgments, but muc…
Local competition increases people's willingness to harm others
Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations
Significance Pathogens, and antipathogen behavioral strategies, affect myriad aspects of human behavior. Recent findings suggest that antipathogen strategies relate to political attitudes, with more ideologically conservative individuals reporting more disgust toward pathogen cues, and with higher parasite stress nations being, on average, more conservative. However, no research has yet adjudicated between two theoretical accounts proposed to exp…
Competitive disadvantage facilitates risk taking
Eye images increase generosity, but not for long
Strategies for cooperation in biological markets, especially for humans
Altruism as a courtship display
Public generosity may be a means to convincingly advertise one's good character. This hypothesis suggests that altruistic individuals will be desirable as romantic partners. Few studies have tested this prediction, and these showed mixed results. Some studies have found that altruism is not particularly attractive; other studies showed that altruism is attractive by contrasting descriptions of 'nice guys' with 'jerks'. The present study sought to…
Cooperation in social dilemmas
Cooperation among nonrelatives can be puzzling because cooperation often involves incurring costs to confer benefits on unrelated others. Punishment of noncooperators can sustain otherwise fragile cooperation, but the provision of punishment suffers from a "second-order" free-riding problem because nonpunishers can free ride on the benefits from costly punishment provided by others. One suggested solution to this problem is second-order punishmen…
Altruism as a courtship display
Public generosity may be a means to convincingly advertise one's good character. This hypothesis suggests that altruistic individuals will be desirable as romantic partners. Few studies have tested this prediction, and these showed mixed results. Some studies have found that altruism is not particularly attractive; other studies showed that altruism is attractive by contrasting descriptions of 'nice guys' with 'jerks'. The present study sought to…
Altruism predicts mating success in humans
In order for non-kin altruism to evolve, altruists must receive fitness benefits for their actions that outweigh the costs. Several researchers have suggested that altruism is a costly signal of desirable qualities, such that it could have evolved by sexual selection. In two studies, we show that altruism is broadly linked with mating success. In Study 1, participants who scored higher on a self-report altruism measure reported they were more des…
Disgust sensitivity relates to attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women across 31 nations
Previous work has reported a relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice toward various social groups, including gay men and lesbian women. It is currently unknown whether this association is present across cultures, or specific to North America. Analyses of survey data from adult heterosexuals ( N = 11,200) from 31 countries showed a small relation between pathogen disgust sensitivity (an individual-difference measure of pathog…
High voice pitch mitigates the aversiveness of antisocial cues in men's speech
Speech contains both explicit social information in semantic content and implicit cues to social behaviour and mate quality in voice pitch. Voice pitch has been demonstrated to have pervasive effects on social perceptions, but few studies have examined these perceptions in the context of meaningful speech. Here, we examined whether male voice pitch interacted with socially relevant cues in speech to influence listeners' perceptions of trustworthi…
The effects of social vs. asocial threats on group cooperation and manipulation of perceived threats
Do people differentially remember cheaters
Trustworthiness and competitive altruism can also solve the “tragedy of the commons”
Reputational benefits for altruistic punishment
Do people differentially remember cheaters
A cue of kinship promotes cooperation for the public good
Using the hatchet and burying it afterwards — A review of Beyond Revenge
Cooperation in social dilemmas
Cooperation among nonrelatives can be puzzling because cooperation often involves incurring costs to confer benefits on unrelated others. Punishment of noncooperators can sustain otherwise fragile cooperation, but the provision of punishment suffers from a "second-order" free-riding problem because nonpunishers can free ride on the benefits from costly punishment provided by others. One suggested solution to this problem is second-order punishmen…
Margo Wilson (1942–2009)
Altruism as a courtship display
Public generosity may be a means to convincingly advertise one's good character. This hypothesis suggests that altruistic individuals will be desirable as romantic partners. Few studies have tested this prediction, and these showed mixed results. Some studies have found that altruism is not particularly attractive; other studies showed that altruism is attractive by contrasting descriptions of 'nice guys' with 'jerks'. The present study sought to…
Eye images increase generosity, but not for long
Strategies for cooperation in biological markets, especially for humans
Competitive disadvantage facilitates risk taking
Partner choice versus punishment in human Prisoner’s Dilemmas
We can see inside
Humans form impressions and make social judgments about others based on information that is quickly and easily available, such as facial and vocal traits. The evolutionary function of impression formation and social judgment mechanisms have received limited attention in psychology research; we argue that their function is to accurately forecast the behavior of others. There is some evidence for the predictive accuracy of social judgments, but muc…
Local competition increases people's willingness to harm others
Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations
Significance Pathogens, and antipathogen behavioral strategies, affect myriad aspects of human behavior. Recent findings suggest that antipathogen strategies relate to political attitudes, with more ideologically conservative individuals reporting more disgust toward pathogen cues, and with higher parasite stress nations being, on average, more conservative. However, no research has yet adjudicated between two theoretical accounts proposed to exp…
Men's voice pitch influences women's trusting behavior
The influence of voice pitch on perceptions of trustworthiness across social contexts
Altruism predicts mating success in humans
In order for non-kin altruism to evolve, altruists must receive fitness benefits for their actions that outweigh the costs. Several researchers have suggested that altruism is a costly signal of desirable qualities, such that it could have evolved by sexual selection. In two studies, we show that altruism is broadly linked with mating success. In Study 1, participants who scored higher on a self-report altruism measure reported they were more des…
High voice pitch mitigates the aversiveness of antisocial cues in men's speech
Speech contains both explicit social information in semantic content and implicit cues to social behaviour and mate quality in voice pitch. Voice pitch has been demonstrated to have pervasive effects on social perceptions, but few studies have examined these perceptions in the context of meaningful speech. Here, we examined whether male voice pitch interacted with socially relevant cues in speech to influence listeners' perceptions of trustworthi…
Democratic Competition for Rank, Cooperation, and Deception in Small Groups
Objective Stratified groups face at least two obstacles in solving collective action problems and producing public goods. Individuals face temptation to free ride, and high‐ranking group members face incentives to protect their position at the group's expense. We introduce democratic competition for rank as a solution to the problem of cooperation in groups. We argue that democratic competition for high rank creates incentives for cooperation tha…
The effects of social vs. asocial threats on group cooperation and manipulation of perceived threats
Disgust sensitivity relates to attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women across 31 nations
Previous work has reported a relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice toward various social groups, including gay men and lesbian women. It is currently unknown whether this association is present across cultures, or specific to North America. Analyses of survey data from adult heterosexuals ( N = 11,200) from 31 countries showed a small relation between pathogen disgust sensitivity (an individual-difference measure of pathog…
Do Household Political Campaign Signs Help Win Vote Share
Canadian election campaigns often see a proliferation of political signs at the start of an election, but are they worth the effort? We examined official results at the poll level (N = 785) from elections agencies and the quantities of household signs recorded in internal political party databases (Green Parties of Canada, Manitoba, and Ontario). Overall, the results suggest that the use of household signs is an effective form of political campai…
Are papers in Evolution & Human Behavior easy? A review of Scientific Papers Made Easy
Mutual cooperation gives you a stake in your partner’s welfare, especially if they are irreplaceable
Why do we care so much for friends-much more than one might predict from reciprocity alone? According to a recent theory, organisms who cooperate with each other come to have a stake in each other's well-being: A good cooperator is worth protecting-even anonymously if necessary-so they can be available to cooperate in the future. Here, we present three experiments showing that reciprocity creates a stake in a partner's well-being, such that peopl…
Psychology (26 obras) · Social Psychology (25 obras) · Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation (16 obras) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (15 obras) · Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies (13 obras) · Political science (13 obras) · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment (13 obras) · Economics (11 obras) · Microeconomics (10 obras) · Biology (7 obras)