Ulla Larsen
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 644039 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Ulla Larsen |
| PRENOMES | Ulla |
| SOBRENOME | Larsen |
| ASSINATURA | LARSEN U |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Harvard University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 209 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1982 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2010 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Suffering Infertility
This paper examines the experiences of women with infertility in two Nigerian communities with different systems of descent and historically different levels of infertility. First, the paper focuses on the life experiences of individual women across the two communities and second, it compares these experiences with those of their fertile counterparts, in each community. In doing this, women who are childless are distinguished from those with subf…
The problem of infertility in high fertility populations
Prevalence of and Risk Factors Associated With Alcohol Abuse in Moshi, Northern Tanzania
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and risk factors associated with alcohol abuse among women and men in Moshi in northern Tanzania. Alcohol abuse was measured by a CAGE score of 2–4, versus 0–1 for no alcohol abuse (Ewing, 1984). Crude and adjusted logistic regression models determined odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of alcohol abuse by characteristics of, respectively, women with partners ( n =1200), women witho…
Gender Inequality Increases Women’s Risk of Hiv Infection in Moshi, Tanzania
This study examined the hypothesis that multiple dimensions of gender inequality increase women’s risk for HIV infection using a population-based survey of 1418 women aged 20 to 44 in Moshi, Tanzania. Three forms of HIV exposures were assessed reflecting gender power imbalance: economic exposures (age difference between partners and partner’s contributions to children’s expenses), physical exposures (coerced first sex and intimate partner violenc…
Motherhood in sub‐Saharan Africa
This paper examines the personal and social ramifications of infertility in an African urban population with low fertility. The study was conducted in Moshi, Tanzania, a multi-ethnic community with relatively high levels of education and a well developed health services infrastructure. The major question to be addressed was whether in a low fertility urban population, both primary and secondary infertility bring about serious personal ramificatio…
Intimate Partner Violence and Women's Contraceptive Use
Intimate partner violence has been hypothesized as a factor associated with women's risk for problems in contraception use or access. This article explores differences in contraceptive use between abused and nonabused women, using a case-control study of 225 women. Women experiencing physical and emotional abuse were more likely to report not using their preferred method of contraception in the past 12 months compared with nonabused women (OR = 1…
Sexual violence at first intercourse against women in Moshi, northern Tanzania
To explore the relationship between sexual violence at first intercourse and later sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Moshi, Tanzania, we analysed data from a representative household survey that comprised face-to-face interviews with 1,835 women and tests for six STIs on biological samples from 1,235 of these women. Overall, 10.9 per cent report forced first intercourse and 15.3 per cent report unwanted first intercourse. Unadjusted analy…
Gender, Health, and Mortality
Although life expectancy at birth of women in western societies is significantly longer than that of men (e.g., 80 versus 74 years in the United States), women experience more sickness and non‐fatal health problems than men (e.g., higher morbidity). Specific biological and behavioral explanations for these gender differences are largely unknown. It remains unclear whether these gender differences in health and mortality are found throughout the w…
Motherhood status and union formation in Moshi, Tanzania 2002-2003
Age at first union is increasing throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa at the same time that not all couples are waiting for marriage before their first sexual intercourse. We assessed the effect of a premarital first birth on entrance into a first union in an urban area in East Africa -- Moshi, Tanzania. The data come from the Moshi Infertility Survey of 2002-2003. Women who spent less than a year in single motherhood were significantly more lik…
The epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in northern Tanzania
We conducted a community-based study to determine the predictors of HIV-1 among women aged 20-44 years (N = 1,418) and their regular male partners (N = 566) from randomly selected households in Moshi, Tanzania. The weighted prevalence of HIV-1 was 10.3% in women and 7% in men. The highest risk of HIV-1 was in subjects whose partners were HIV-1 seropositive in both women (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 26.63; 95% confidence interval (CI): 10.74-66.02…
Client Satisfaction With Abortion Care in Three Russian Cities
this paper explores client satisfaction with abortion care, looking at overall satisfaction and satisfaction with hygiene, comfort and courtesy. the analysis aimed to determine whether client satisfaction was related to the characteristics of the client, in order to guide quality improvement efforts. the analysis is a secondary analysis of data collected in a survey of 489 abortion clients who attended a limited number of hospitals in three citie…
Prevalence of Primary Infertility in China
Following the 1994 UN International Conference on Population and Development, there was a shift in emphasis on women’s reproductive health and there emerged a need for more knowledge about levels and differentials of infertility. Using the data from the 1988 National TwoPer-Thousand Sample Survey on Fertility and Contraception, this paper estimated the prevalence of primary infertility in China. To determine the predictors of primary infertility,…
Gender Inequality and Intimate Partner Violence Among Women in Moshi, Tanzania
CONTEXT: In Sub-Saharan Africa, where rates of intimate partner violence are high, knowing the prevalence of abuse and associated patterns of risk is crucial to ensuring women's health and development. Intimate partner violence in Tanzania has not been assessed through a population-based survey. METHODS: A household-based sample of women aged 20-44 in the urban district of Moshi, Tanzania, participated in face-to-face interviews in 2002-2003. The…
Marriage and Contraception Among the Pare of Northern Tanzania
The purpose of the research reported here is to examine the connection between contraception and those aspects of a woman’s position that are related to her marriage. The research was conducted in two villages among the Pare of northern Tanzania where a shift from hoe cultivation as primary occupation to wage labour has brought about major changes in social relations. The major hypothesis is that a change from a ‘traditional’ marital union to a ‘…
Physical well-being and school enrollment
Factors affecting adoption in China, 1950-87
Though adoption in China is known to have increased as more girls were abandoned and became available for adoption following the introduction of the country's one-child policy in the 1980s, little is known about Chinese adoption practices. This paper investigates the factors affecting adoption in China in the period 1950-87 using data from the National Two-Per-Thousand Sample Survey on Fertility and Contraception of 1988. The results show that th…
Which African men promote smaller families and why? Marital relations and fertility in a Pare community in Northern Tanzania
Women's empowerment and fertility decline among the Pare of Kilimanjaro region, Northern Tanzania
Girls' Education and Fertility Transitions
The Effects of Type of Female Circumcision on Infertility and Fertility in Sudan
This study explores the association between type of female circumcision and infertility and fertility in Sudan using the 1989–90 Demographic and Health Survey. It is hypothesized that women with either Pharaonic or Intermediate circumcision would have higher infertility and lower fertility compared with women with Sunna circumcision, and that uncircumcised women would have the lowest infertility and highest fertility of the three groups. This hyp…
Male Sexual Behaviour During Wife's Pregnancy and Postpartum Abstinence Period in Oyo State, Nigeria
The traditional proscription against sex for women during pregnancy, and particularly in the postpartum period, in south-west Nigeria leaves many men without sexual access to their wives for extended periods of time. This practice raises the question whether men abstain or seek other sexual partners. A community-based study was conducted using 3204 married men from randomly selected local government areas of the state. These men had wives who had…
Divorce in Ethiopia
Forty-five per cent of first marriages in Ethiopia end in divorce within 30 years, and two-thirds of women who divorce do so within the first 5 years of marriage. This paper looks at two factors that may have an impact on the risk of divorce in Ethiopia: early age of first marriage, and childlessness within the first marriage. Data used were from the 1990 National Family and Fertility Survey conducted by the Government of Ethiopia. A total of 875…
Does female circumcision affect infertility and fertility? A study of the central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, and Tanzania
This study explores the association between female circumcision and infertility and fertility, using information from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). In Côte d’Ivoire and Tanzania, circumcised women had lower childlessness, lower infertility by age, and higher total fertility rates than women who were not circumcised; the reverse pattern prevailed in the Central African Republic. In all three countries, however, circumcised women groupe…
The age pattern of fecundability
This paper analyzes the age pattern of effective fecundability from populations with no evidence of deliberate fertility control using a new convolution model of fecundability. The analysis is based on a sample of Hutterite birth histories from the mid-20th century, and birth histories of French Canadians from the 17th and 18th centuries. The main findings are as follows: 1) the level of effective fecundability is higher among the French Canadian…
Secular Trend in Age at Menarche in China
There is increasing evidence that age at menarche has decreased in Europe and the United States during the last century and in Japan over the last several decades. Data from a community-based survey conducted in two rural counties of Anhui Province in China indicate a similar, downward secular trend in age at menarche for Chinese women. The present study shows the mean age at menarche decreased by 2·8 years, from 16·5 to 13·7, over an approximate…
Fertility and Son Preference in Korea
In Korea, total fertility declined from 6.0 in 1960 to 1.6 in 1990, in spite of a strong preference for male offspring. This paper addresses the notion that son preference hinders fertility decline, and examines the effects of patriarchal relations and modernization on fertility using the 1991 Korea National Fertility and Family Health Survey. It was found that women who have a son are less likely to have another child, and that women with a son …
Hutterite fecundability by age and parity
Effective fecundability declines with age and parity. Furthermore, women differ in their effective fecundability: some women have persistently low or high monthly chances of live-birth conception. Estimates are presented concerning the magnitude of these effects in a natural-fertility population: 406 Hutterite women in North America who had 3,206 births, largely in the 1940s and 1950s. The estimates are based on models that incorporate the effect…
Measuring sterility from incomplete birth histories
In this article, methods are presented for measuring the level and age pattern of sterility from incomplete birth histories, such as those that can be collected in demographic surveys of women who may not yet have reached the end of their reproductive span. The characteristics of the methods are examined in a simulation study that demonstrates that estimates based on information about fertility subsequent to a given age are more robust to variati…
Sterility in sub-Saharan Africa
Simulations and empirical findings justified the estimation of sterility by age in many African countries where the prevalence of sterility has not been measured previously. Simulations indicated that age-specific sterility rates between ages 20 and 44 may be obtained from populations that use contraception, as long as the rates of contraceptive use and contraceptive efficacy do not exceed specified limits, and the sample size is at least 1,500 c…
From lineage to conjugality
Women's empowerment and fertility decline among the Pare of Kilimanjaro region, Northern Tanzania
Differentials in Infertility in Cameroon and Nigeria
Data from the World Fertility Survey and the Demographic and Health Survey are used to analyze differences in infertility in Cameroon and Nigeria. It was assumed that specific patterns of behaviour are associated with higher infertility and that women's lives are greatly affected by their ability to reproduce. Both hypotheses are supported by multivariate analysis. Odds of being infertile were significantly higher for women who became sexually ac…
Which African men promote smaller families and why? Marital relations and fertility in a Pare community in Northern Tanzania
The problem of infertility in high fertility populations
Motherhood status and union formation in Moshi, Tanzania 2002-2003
Age at first union is increasing throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa at the same time that not all couples are waiting for marriage before their first sexual intercourse. We assessed the effect of a premarital first birth on entrance into a first union in an urban area in East Africa -- Moshi, Tanzania. The data come from the Moshi Infertility Survey of 2002-2003. Women who spent less than a year in single motherhood were significantly more lik…
Intimate Partner Violence and Women's Contraceptive Use
Intimate partner violence has been hypothesized as a factor associated with women's risk for problems in contraception use or access. This article explores differences in contraceptive use between abused and nonabused women, using a case-control study of 225 women. Women experiencing physical and emotional abuse were more likely to report not using their preferred method of contraception in the past 12 months compared with nonabused women (OR = 1…
An assessment of the one-child policy in China from 1980 to 1985
Fertility differentials among the Ijo in Southern Nigeria
Individual-level sterility
This paper extends work on measures of population proportions sterile to propose a new estimator of an individual woman’s age at sterility and consequently her sterility status at given ages. Accuracy and reliability, examined in a simulation study, appear satisfactory. From World Fertility Survey data for five African countries, the proportions sterile by age estimated by the individual measure and by the population estimator are almost identica…
Factors affecting adoption in China, 1950-87
Though adoption in China is known to have increased as more girls were abandoned and became available for adoption following the introduction of the country's one-child policy in the 1980s, little is known about Chinese adoption practices. This paper investigates the factors affecting adoption in China in the period 1950-87 using data from the National Two-Per-Thousand Sample Survey on Fertility and Contraception of 1988. The results show that th…
Girls' Education and Fertility Transitions
Does female circumcision affect infertility and fertility? A study of the central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, and Tanzania
This study explores the association between female circumcision and infertility and fertility, using information from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). In Côte d’Ivoire and Tanzania, circumcised women had lower childlessness, lower infertility by age, and higher total fertility rates than women who were not circumcised; the reverse pattern prevailed in the Central African Republic. In all three countries, however, circumcised women groupe…
Childlessness, Subfertility, and Infertility in Tanzania
This study examines the trends and variations in childlessness, subfertility, and infertility in Tanzania according to data from the 1973 National Demographic Survey and the 1991-92 Demographic and Health Survey. Between the surveys, the proportion of women older than 30 who were childless was found to have declined more than 60 percent, and the proportion with an open birth interval extending for longer than five years was reduced by 40 to 50 pe…
Fertility in Tanzania
The author investigated the effects of contraception upon waiting times to conception in Tanzania determined the prevalence of subfertility and infertility and assessed whether impaired fertility remains a problem in Tanzania. Analysis is limited to conceptions which resulted in a live birth and is based upon data from the 1991/92 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. Current fertility in Tanzania is affected by both contraceptive use and subfe…
Sexual violence at first intercourse against women in Moshi, northern Tanzania
To explore the relationship between sexual violence at first intercourse and later sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Moshi, Tanzania, we analysed data from a representative household survey that comprised face-to-face interviews with 1,835 women and tests for six STIs on biological samples from 1,235 of these women. Overall, 10.9 per cent report forced first intercourse and 15.3 per cent report unwanted first intercourse. Unadjusted analy…
Gender, Health, and Mortality
Although life expectancy at birth of women in western societies is significantly longer than that of men (e.g., 80 versus 74 years in the United States), women experience more sickness and non‐fatal health problems than men (e.g., higher morbidity). Specific biological and behavioral explanations for these gender differences are largely unknown. It remains unclear whether these gender differences in health and mortality are found throughout the w…
Physical well-being and school enrollment
Short-term fluctuations in death by cause, temperature, and income in the United States, 1930-1985
Disclosures that this decade has had the five hottest years ever recorded globally raise concern that extreme temperatures might be associated with higher mortality. An analysis of fluctuations in annual case-specific deaths, seasonal temperatures, and annual income per capita in Massachusetts, Michigan, Washington, Utah, North Carolina, and Mississippi, 1930 to 1985, suggests that, on the contrary, a temperature increase throughout the year was …
A quantitative study of emigration from Denmark to the United States, 1870–1913
A comprehensive investigation of migration in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was carried out in Scandinavia during the 1960s and 1970s. The work was undertaken partly in association with the Institute of American History at the University of Uppsala, partly at a series of seminars and conferences and partly in the form of independent projects
Age and infertility
Direct evidence on age patterns of infecundity and sterility cannot be obtained from contemporary populations because such large fractions of couples use contraception or have been sterilized. Instead, historical data are exploited to yield upper bounds applicable to contemporary populations on the proportions sterile at each age. Examination of recent changes in sexual behavior that may increase infecundity indicates that sexually transmitted in…
Determinants of short-term fluctuations in nuptiality in Sweden, 1751–1913
Measuring sterility from incomplete birth histories
In this article, methods are presented for measuring the level and age pattern of sterility from incomplete birth histories, such as those that can be collected in demographic surveys of women who may not yet have reached the end of their reproductive span. The characteristics of the methods are examined in a simulation study that demonstrates that estimates based on information about fertility subsequent to a given age are more robust to variati…
An assessment of the one-child policy in China from 1980 to 1985
Short-term fluctuations in death by cause, temperature, and income in the United States, 1930-1985
Disclosures that this decade has had the five hottest years ever recorded globally raise concern that extreme temperatures might be associated with higher mortality. An analysis of fluctuations in annual case-specific deaths, seasonal temperatures, and annual income per capita in Massachusetts, Michigan, Washington, Utah, North Carolina, and Mississippi, 1930 to 1985, suggests that, on the contrary, a temperature increase throughout the year was …
Individual-level sterility
This paper extends work on measures of population proportions sterile to propose a new estimator of an individual woman’s age at sterility and consequently her sterility status at given ages. Accuracy and reliability, examined in a simulation study, appear satisfactory. From World Fertility Survey data for five African countries, the proportions sterile by age estimated by the individual measure and by the population estimator are almost identica…
Fertility differentials among the Ijo in Southern Nigeria
Hutterite fecundability by age and parity
Effective fecundability declines with age and parity. Furthermore, women differ in their effective fecundability: some women have persistently low or high monthly chances of live-birth conception. Estimates are presented concerning the magnitude of these effects in a natural-fertility population: 406 Hutterite women in North America who had 3,206 births, largely in the 1940s and 1950s. The estimates are based on models that incorporate the effect…
Sterility in sub-Saharan Africa
Simulations and empirical findings justified the estimation of sterility by age in many African countries where the prevalence of sterility has not been measured previously. Simulations indicated that age-specific sterility rates between ages 20 and 44 may be obtained from populations that use contraception, as long as the rates of contraceptive use and contraceptive efficacy do not exceed specified limits, and the sample size is at least 1,500 c…
Differentials in Infertility in Cameroon and Nigeria
Data from the World Fertility Survey and the Demographic and Health Survey are used to analyze differences in infertility in Cameroon and Nigeria. It was assumed that specific patterns of behaviour are associated with higher infertility and that women's lives are greatly affected by their ability to reproduce. Both hypotheses are supported by multivariate analysis. Odds of being infertile were significantly higher for women who became sexually ac…
Childlessness, Subfertility, and Infertility in Tanzania
This study examines the trends and variations in childlessness, subfertility, and infertility in Tanzania according to data from the 1973 National Demographic Survey and the 1991-92 Demographic and Health Survey. Between the surveys, the proportion of women older than 30 who were childless was found to have declined more than 60 percent, and the proportion with an open birth interval extending for longer than five years was reduced by 40 to 50 pe…
From lineage to conjugality
Fertility in Tanzania
The author investigated the effects of contraception upon waiting times to conception in Tanzania determined the prevalence of subfertility and infertility and assessed whether impaired fertility remains a problem in Tanzania. Analysis is limited to conceptions which resulted in a live birth and is based upon data from the 1991/92 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. Current fertility in Tanzania is affected by both contraceptive use and subfe…
Fertility and Son Preference in Korea
In Korea, total fertility declined from 6.0 in 1960 to 1.6 in 1990, in spite of a strong preference for male offspring. This paper addresses the notion that son preference hinders fertility decline, and examines the effects of patriarchal relations and modernization on fertility using the 1991 Korea National Fertility and Family Health Survey. It was found that women who have a son are less likely to have another child, and that women with a son …
Secular Trend in Age at Menarche in China
There is increasing evidence that age at menarche has decreased in Europe and the United States during the last century and in Japan over the last several decades. Data from a community-based survey conducted in two rural counties of Anhui Province in China indicate a similar, downward secular trend in age at menarche for Chinese women. The present study shows the mean age at menarche decreased by 2·8 years, from 16·5 to 13·7, over an approximate…
Divorce in Ethiopia
Forty-five per cent of first marriages in Ethiopia end in divorce within 30 years, and two-thirds of women who divorce do so within the first 5 years of marriage. This paper looks at two factors that may have an impact on the risk of divorce in Ethiopia: early age of first marriage, and childlessness within the first marriage. Data used were from the 1990 National Family and Fertility Survey conducted by the Government of Ethiopia. A total of 875…
Does female circumcision affect infertility and fertility? A study of the central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, and Tanzania
This study explores the association between female circumcision and infertility and fertility, using information from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). In Côte d’Ivoire and Tanzania, circumcised women had lower childlessness, lower infertility by age, and higher total fertility rates than women who were not circumcised; the reverse pattern prevailed in the Central African Republic. In all three countries, however, circumcised women groupe…
The age pattern of fecundability
This paper analyzes the age pattern of effective fecundability from populations with no evidence of deliberate fertility control using a new convolution model of fecundability. The analysis is based on a sample of Hutterite birth histories from the mid-20th century, and birth histories of French Canadians from the 17th and 18th centuries. The main findings are as follows: 1) the level of effective fecundability is higher among the French Canadian…
The Effects of Type of Female Circumcision on Infertility and Fertility in Sudan
This study explores the association between type of female circumcision and infertility and fertility in Sudan using the 1989–90 Demographic and Health Survey. It is hypothesized that women with either Pharaonic or Intermediate circumcision would have higher infertility and lower fertility compared with women with Sunna circumcision, and that uncircumcised women would have the lowest infertility and highest fertility of the three groups. This hyp…
Male Sexual Behaviour During Wife's Pregnancy and Postpartum Abstinence Period in Oyo State, Nigeria
The traditional proscription against sex for women during pregnancy, and particularly in the postpartum period, in south-west Nigeria leaves many men without sexual access to their wives for extended periods of time. This practice raises the question whether men abstain or seek other sexual partners. A community-based study was conducted using 3204 married men from randomly selected local government areas of the state. These men had wives who had…
Women's empowerment and fertility decline among the Pare of Kilimanjaro region, Northern Tanzania
Girls' Education and Fertility Transitions
Marriage and Contraception Among the Pare of Northern Tanzania
The purpose of the research reported here is to examine the connection between contraception and those aspects of a woman’s position that are related to her marriage. The research was conducted in two villages among the Pare of northern Tanzania where a shift from hoe cultivation as primary occupation to wage labour has brought about major changes in social relations. The major hypothesis is that a change from a ‘traditional’ marital union to a ‘…
Physical well-being and school enrollment
Demography (37 obras) · Population (34 obras) · Sociology (30 obras) · Fertility (25 obras) · Medicine (25 obras) · Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences (21 obras) · Demography (18 obras) · Geography (17 obras) · Socioeconomics (17 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (16 obras)