Oliver Todt
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 655374 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Oliver Todt |
| PRENOMES | Oliver |
| SOBRENOME | Todt |
| ASSINATURA | TODT O |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Universitat de les Illes Balears |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9363-0543 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 23 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 23 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1997 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Methodological tensions in risk assessment and benefit assessment
This article analyzes some of the methodological tensions that can be observed in the regulation of science and technology, and that often manifest themselves as controversies. We offer a three-way classification of such tensions. The latter can arise from: 1) external (non-cognitive) factors that are specific to a particular regulation; 2) external (non- cognitive) factors of wider societal importance that are not related to any particular regul…
Rationality in Context
Is there such a thing as a "best scientific methodology" in regulatory (decision-oriented) science? By examining cases from varying regulatory processes, we argue that there is no best scientific method for generating decision-relevant data. In addition, in regulatory science, the most suitable methodologies often differ from what is considered best practice in knowledge-oriented (academic) science. In data generation for regulatory purposes, we …
Constructing consumers
This paper presents an analysis of the underlying assumptions and choices of the European regulatory process for health claims. The latter are scientifically substantiated statements, usually in the form of food labels, regarding the health benefits that a food may confer upon its consumer. We show that the European regulator (the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA) has adopted a particular construction (or definition) of a ‘standard consumer’ …
Standards of evidence and causality in regulatory science
The role of epistemic policies in regulatory science
This paper presents an analysis of the concept of scientific substantiation in European health claims regulation. It focuses on the controversies about the demand for the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between food consumption and health outcomes in claim substantiation. Our analysis, on the basis of regulatory and scientific documents, identifies two opposing views about the aims of health claims regulation. Each of these two st…
Values and Decisions
The relevance of scientific knowledge for science and technology policy and regulation has led to a growing debate about the role of values. This article contributes to the clarification of what specific functions cognitive and noncognitive values adopt in knowledge generation and decisions, and what consequences the operation of values has for policy making and regulation. For our analysis, we differentiate between three different types of decis…
Precaution
In this paper we propose a typology of three interpretations of the precautionary principle, each with its associated philosophical and policy implications. We found that these different interpretations of precaution are closely related to variations in the understanding of scientific uncertainty, as well as varying ways of assessing possible (but uncertain) impacts of scientific–technological development. There is a direct link to the question o…
Dinámica de los conceptos reguladores
La regulación de ciencia y tecnología recurre a conceptos reguladores, como incertidumbre o precaución, para poder operacionalizar toma de decisiones. En la práctica reguladora, estos conceptos tienen múltiples interpretaciones y funciones dinámicas (generalmente diferentes de los que se les asigna en la legislación). Este trabajo presenta un análisis de algunos de los conceptos reguladores más relevantes, analizando la tensión entre su significa…
Consumer attitudes and the governance of food safety
This paper reports the analysis of a recent study of public perception of food safety governance in Spain, using genetically modified (GM) foods as an indicator. The data make clear that Spanish food consumers are aware of their rights and role in the marketplace. They are critical of current regulatory decision making, which they perceive to be unduly influenced by certain social actors, such as industry. In contrast, consumers demand decisions …
The Context(s) of Precaution
This article contributes to the clarification of the concept of precaution and its function in social debate. The authors compare the uses of precaution in science and technology—related conflicts (as indicated by an analysis of media reports on precaution) with data from a survey on precaution and the role of science in decision making. While the survey data confirm the existence of opposing “idealized” or “ideological” conceptualizations of the…
A new social contract for technology? – On the policy dynamics of uncertainty
This paper proposes a typology of two fundamentally opposing conceptualizations of managing technology under uncertainty: ‘technology governability’ and ‘technology selection’. A wide variety of different versions of these idealized conceptualizations can be shown to underlie the controversies about scientific‐technological development. The example of genetic engineering indicates that such points of view are reconstructed over time in different …
Precaution in public
This article presents the results of a study of public perception recently completed in Spain which questioned citizens about their views on the precautionary principle, the role of science in policy making, as well as their level of trust in science. The results show that Spanish citizens, by a significant margin, consider that scientists may be influenced by economic interests, that values play a key role in policy making, and that policy shoul…
Del gobierno a la gobernanza
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar cómo temas relacionados con la ciencia y la tecnología que afectan a las vidas cotidianas de todos los ciudadanos se han convertido en los últimos años en objeto destacado del debate público y político. Por un lado, los sistemas de regulación están respondiendo a ese debate al introducir cambios profundos en los procesos de toma de decisiones. Por otro lado, las controversias alrededor de los efectos socia…
La gobernanza de la seguridad alimentaria
Debido a una profunda crisis de aceptación social, en parte por la gestión inadecuada de las diversas crisis alimentarias a nivel europeo durante los últimos 20 años, el sistema de seguridad alimentaria europeo fue completamente rediseñado. La nueva ley alimentaria, que implica la creación de agencias de seguridad alimentaria independientes, tanto a nivel europeo como español, se basa en una participación amplia de todos los actores sociales, en …
La opinión de los consumidores españoles sobre los alimentos transgénicos y su seguridad
El presente artículo resume los resultados de una encuesta a ciudadanos españoles sobre su percepción de la seguridad alimentaria, especialmente en el área de los productos transgénicos. Los resultados indican que las personas se comportan de dos maneras distintas en el momento de comprar un producto: por un lado, como consumidores de un determinado producto y, por el otro, como usuarios (o ciudadanos-usuarios) de tecnología. En ello influye que …
La gestión social de la ingeniería genética
Este artículo presenta las líneas de argumentación ofrecidas por personas clave en el debate sobre la ingeniería genética en relación con la información y la participación pública en el proceso de su regulación. Se analizan estos argumentos para mostrar las diferentes aproximaciones utilizadas sobre el papel de los ciudadanos, de las ONG, de la administración pública, de la comunidad científica y de la industria en el desarrollo tecnológico. El a…
Designing trust
Perceptions, attitudes and ethical valuations
This paper analyzes the study of the public perception of biotechnology, comparing different studies made on the European and the Spanish national levels. It aims at testing the applicability of these kinds of studies, and describes some of their limits. The analysis shows clear ambivalence in the public response to distinct applications of this technology, pointing out the crucial differences between general moral valuation and attitude towards …
Spain
Since the commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops and foods in Spain in 1996, these products have become a topic of public concern and conflict. Several important social protagonists from science, industry and civil society have become involved in the public debate. The conflicts have influenced the regulation, improving its precautionary content, in response to social pressures in Spain and elsewhere in Europe. As Spain has become t…
Social decision making on technology and the environment in Spain
Participación pública en política tecnológica
Un lugar común en nuestros días es reconocer la gran importancia que tiene hoy el cambio tecnológico. El ritmo creciente de ese cambio, el enorme volumen de recursos públicos que consume y los evidentes riesgos e impactos asociados a la tecnología han hecho que ésta ocupe hoy un lugar destacado en las agendas políticas, los medios de comunicación y la opinión pública. En efecto, las últimas décadas han sido testigo de una creciente sensibilizació…
Ingeniería y controversia social
Para asegurar la aceptación de nuevos sistemas y productos técnicos por parte de la sociedad actual, hay que plantearse cambios fundamentales en el proceso de diseño de estos sistemas técnicos. Las actuales controversias acerca de la tecnología se podrían aprovechar para introducir discursos organizados y planificados en el proceso de diseño como uno de sus aspectos más básicos. Así los diferentes puntos de vista acerca de las tecnologías podrían…
The role of controversy in engineering design
Designing trust
The role of controversy in engineering design
Constructing consumers
This paper presents an analysis of the underlying assumptions and choices of the European regulatory process for health claims. The latter are scientifically substantiated statements, usually in the form of food labels, regarding the health benefits that a food may confer upon its consumer. We show that the European regulator (the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA) has adopted a particular construction (or definition) of a ‘standard consumer’ …
The role of epistemic policies in regulatory science
This paper presents an analysis of the concept of scientific substantiation in European health claims regulation. It focuses on the controversies about the demand for the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between food consumption and health outcomes in claim substantiation. Our analysis, on the basis of regulatory and scientific documents, identifies two opposing views about the aims of health claims regulation. Each of these two st…
Values and Decisions
The relevance of scientific knowledge for science and technology policy and regulation has led to a growing debate about the role of values. This article contributes to the clarification of what specific functions cognitive and noncognitive values adopt in knowledge generation and decisions, and what consequences the operation of values has for policy making and regulation. For our analysis, we differentiate between three different types of decis…
Precaution
In this paper we propose a typology of three interpretations of the precautionary principle, each with its associated philosophical and policy implications. We found that these different interpretations of precaution are closely related to variations in the understanding of scientific uncertainty, as well as varying ways of assessing possible (but uncertain) impacts of scientific–technological development. There is a direct link to the question o…
A new social contract for technology? – On the policy dynamics of uncertainty
This paper proposes a typology of two fundamentally opposing conceptualizations of managing technology under uncertainty: ‘technology governability’ and ‘technology selection’. A wide variety of different versions of these idealized conceptualizations can be shown to underlie the controversies about scientific‐technological development. The example of genetic engineering indicates that such points of view are reconstructed over time in different …
Spain
Since the commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops and foods in Spain in 1996, these products have become a topic of public concern and conflict. Several important social protagonists from science, industry and civil society have become involved in the public debate. The conflicts have influenced the regulation, improving its precautionary content, in response to social pressures in Spain and elsewhere in Europe. As Spain has become t…
Social decision making on technology and the environment in Spain
Ingeniería y controversia social
Para asegurar la aceptación de nuevos sistemas y productos técnicos por parte de la sociedad actual, hay que plantearse cambios fundamentales en el proceso de diseño de estos sistemas técnicos. Las actuales controversias acerca de la tecnología se podrían aprovechar para introducir discursos organizados y planificados en el proceso de diseño como uno de sus aspectos más básicos. Así los diferentes puntos de vista acerca de las tecnologías podrían…
Ingeniería y controversia social
Para asegurar la aceptación de nuevos sistemas y productos técnicos por parte de la sociedad actual, hay que plantearse cambios fundamentales en el proceso de diseño de estos sistemas técnicos. Las actuales controversias acerca de la tecnología se podrían aprovechar para introducir discursos organizados y planificados en el proceso de diseño como uno de sus aspectos más básicos. Así los diferentes puntos de vista acerca de las tecnologías podrían…
The role of controversy in engineering design
Participación pública en política tecnológica
Un lugar común en nuestros días es reconocer la gran importancia que tiene hoy el cambio tecnológico. El ritmo creciente de ese cambio, el enorme volumen de recursos públicos que consume y los evidentes riesgos e impactos asociados a la tecnología han hecho que ésta ocupe hoy un lugar destacado en las agendas políticas, los medios de comunicación y la opinión pública. En efecto, las últimas décadas han sido testigo de una creciente sensibilizació…
Social decision making on technology and the environment in Spain
Perceptions, attitudes and ethical valuations
This paper analyzes the study of the public perception of biotechnology, comparing different studies made on the European and the Spanish national levels. It aims at testing the applicability of these kinds of studies, and describes some of their limits. The analysis shows clear ambivalence in the public response to distinct applications of this technology, pointing out the crucial differences between general moral valuation and attitude towards …
Spain
Since the commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops and foods in Spain in 1996, these products have become a topic of public concern and conflict. Several important social protagonists from science, industry and civil society have become involved in the public debate. The conflicts have influenced the regulation, improving its precautionary content, in response to social pressures in Spain and elsewhere in Europe. As Spain has become t…
La gestión social de la ingeniería genética
Este artículo presenta las líneas de argumentación ofrecidas por personas clave en el debate sobre la ingeniería genética en relación con la información y la participación pública en el proceso de su regulación. Se analizan estos argumentos para mostrar las diferentes aproximaciones utilizadas sobre el papel de los ciudadanos, de las ONG, de la administración pública, de la comunidad científica y de la industria en el desarrollo tecnológico. El a…
Designing trust
La gobernanza de la seguridad alimentaria
Debido a una profunda crisis de aceptación social, en parte por la gestión inadecuada de las diversas crisis alimentarias a nivel europeo durante los últimos 20 años, el sistema de seguridad alimentaria europeo fue completamente rediseñado. La nueva ley alimentaria, que implica la creación de agencias de seguridad alimentaria independientes, tanto a nivel europeo como español, se basa en una participación amplia de todos los actores sociales, en …
La opinión de los consumidores españoles sobre los alimentos transgénicos y su seguridad
El presente artículo resume los resultados de una encuesta a ciudadanos españoles sobre su percepción de la seguridad alimentaria, especialmente en el área de los productos transgénicos. Los resultados indican que las personas se comportan de dos maneras distintas en el momento de comprar un producto: por un lado, como consumidores de un determinado producto y, por el otro, como usuarios (o ciudadanos-usuarios) de tecnología. En ello influye que …
Del gobierno a la gobernanza
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar cómo temas relacionados con la ciencia y la tecnología que afectan a las vidas cotidianas de todos los ciudadanos se han convertido en los últimos años en objeto destacado del debate público y político. Por un lado, los sistemas de regulación están respondiendo a ese debate al introducir cambios profundos en los procesos de toma de decisiones. Por otro lado, las controversias alrededor de los efectos socia…
Precaution in public
This article presents the results of a study of public perception recently completed in Spain which questioned citizens about their views on the precautionary principle, the role of science in policy making, as well as their level of trust in science. The results show that Spanish citizens, by a significant margin, consider that scientists may be influenced by economic interests, that values play a key role in policy making, and that policy shoul…
A new social contract for technology? – On the policy dynamics of uncertainty
This paper proposes a typology of two fundamentally opposing conceptualizations of managing technology under uncertainty: ‘technology governability’ and ‘technology selection’. A wide variety of different versions of these idealized conceptualizations can be shown to underlie the controversies about scientific‐technological development. The example of genetic engineering indicates that such points of view are reconstructed over time in different …
Consumer attitudes and the governance of food safety
This paper reports the analysis of a recent study of public perception of food safety governance in Spain, using genetically modified (GM) foods as an indicator. The data make clear that Spanish food consumers are aware of their rights and role in the marketplace. They are critical of current regulatory decision making, which they perceive to be unduly influenced by certain social actors, such as industry. In contrast, consumers demand decisions …
The Context(s) of Precaution
This article contributes to the clarification of the concept of precaution and its function in social debate. The authors compare the uses of precaution in science and technology—related conflicts (as indicated by an analysis of media reports on precaution) with data from a survey on precaution and the role of science in decision making. While the survey data confirm the existence of opposing “idealized” or “ideological” conceptualizations of the…
Dinámica de los conceptos reguladores
La regulación de ciencia y tecnología recurre a conceptos reguladores, como incertidumbre o precaución, para poder operacionalizar toma de decisiones. En la práctica reguladora, estos conceptos tienen múltiples interpretaciones y funciones dinámicas (generalmente diferentes de los que se les asigna en la legislación). Este trabajo presenta un análisis de algunos de los conceptos reguladores más relevantes, analizando la tensión entre su significa…
Precaution
In this paper we propose a typology of three interpretations of the precautionary principle, each with its associated philosophical and policy implications. We found that these different interpretations of precaution are closely related to variations in the understanding of scientific uncertainty, as well as varying ways of assessing possible (but uncertain) impacts of scientific–technological development. There is a direct link to the question o…
Values and Decisions
The relevance of scientific knowledge for science and technology policy and regulation has led to a growing debate about the role of values. This article contributes to the clarification of what specific functions cognitive and noncognitive values adopt in knowledge generation and decisions, and what consequences the operation of values has for policy making and regulation. For our analysis, we differentiate between three different types of decis…
The role of epistemic policies in regulatory science
This paper presents an analysis of the concept of scientific substantiation in European health claims regulation. It focuses on the controversies about the demand for the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between food consumption and health outcomes in claim substantiation. Our analysis, on the basis of regulatory and scientific documents, identifies two opposing views about the aims of health claims regulation. Each of these two st…
Standards of evidence and causality in regulatory science
Constructing consumers
This paper presents an analysis of the underlying assumptions and choices of the European regulatory process for health claims. The latter are scientifically substantiated statements, usually in the form of food labels, regarding the health benefits that a food may confer upon its consumer. We show that the European regulator (the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA) has adopted a particular construction (or definition) of a ‘standard consumer’ …
Rationality in Context
Is there such a thing as a "best scientific methodology" in regulatory (decision-oriented) science? By examining cases from varying regulatory processes, we argue that there is no best scientific method for generating decision-relevant data. In addition, in regulatory science, the most suitable methodologies often differ from what is considered best practice in knowledge-oriented (academic) science. In data generation for regulatory purposes, we …
Methodological tensions in risk assessment and benefit assessment
This article analyzes some of the methodological tensions that can be observed in the regulation of science and technology, and that often manifest themselves as controversies. We offer a three-way classification of such tensions. The latter can arise from: 1) external (non-cognitive) factors that are specific to a particular regulation; 2) external (non- cognitive) factors of wider societal importance that are not related to any particular regul…
Political science (17 obras) · Computer Science (10 obras) · Economics (8 obras) · Law (8 obras) · Psychology (8 obras) · Business (7 obras) · Sociology (7 obras) · Epistemology (6 obras) · Precautionary principle (6 obras) · Risk Perception and Management (6 obras)