Grace John‐Stewart
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 6764295 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Grace John‐Stewart |
| PRENOMES | Grace |
| SOBRENOME | John‐Stewart |
| ASSINATURA | STEWART G J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Washington |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4301-1573 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 53 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 0 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 53 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2004 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 0 |
Long-Acting HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Preferences Through Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period Among Women in Kenya
Adherence to daily oral HIV PrEP wanes over pregnancy and postpartum and new long-acting injectable HIV PrEP (LAI-PrEP) methods may address barriers to effective use. Understanding changing LAI-PrEP preferences during the perinatal period could inform the integration into maternal healthcare. We used data from a randomized trial of pregnant women initiating daily oral HIV PrEP at five public maternal child health facilities in western Kenya, foll…
“When a man is stressed, it replicates in the house”
Mental health conditions are a major public health concern in the African region, where women experience a high prevalence of maternal mental health conditions and limited access to adequate care. This issue is particularly severe among women living with HIV (WLHIV), who face a heightened risk of depression and anxiety. Despite the well-documented association between male partner-related factors and maternal/child health outcomes, their impact on…
Prevalence, severity and correlates of dysmenorrhea among postpartum women in Western Kenya
Dysmenorrhea is the most common menstrual disorder globally, contributing the highest disease burden of any gynecological issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Yet, limited data exist on dysmenorrhea among women in LMICs, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, including countries like Kenya. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the PrIMA-Extension Study, a large prospective cohort study that enrolled women during preg…
Evaluating the safety of prenatal HIV PrEP use
Existing data support the safety of daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use in pregnancy, yet ongoing monitoring is needed. We analyzed data from three recently completed HIV PrEP safety and implementation studies (PrIMA, PrIMA-X, and mWACh-PrEP) that enrolled women who were offered and/or initiated TDF-based HIV PrEP at routine health clinics in Western Kenya to summarize perinatal outcomes fo…
Effect of azithromycin on post-discharge growth in Kenyan children
INTRODUCTION: Children discharged following hospitalisation for acute illnesses in low- and middle-income settings are at increased risk of poor growth, particularly linear growth faltering. We aimed to determine the effect of azithromycin administered at hospital discharge on post-discharge growth. METHODS: Using data from the Toto Bora Trial (NCT02414399), a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial of a 5-day course of azithromycin in …
Effect of diet video-drama and telephone messages on improving parental knowledge and diet diversity of malnourished children in Kenya
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) accounts for 1 million deaths globally each year. Ready-to-use Therapeutic Food (RUTF), recommended for treatment, is often replaced with low-nutrient home foods. We sought to determine the effect of enhanced caregiver counselling, using a dramatized video with contextualized demonstrations of local high-nutrient food (video-drama) and telephone messages on high-nutrient foods (SMS), on children’s dietary diversity…
Sustainability of an evidence-based intervention supporting transition to independent care for youth living with HIV in Kenya
Integrating and sustaining evidence-based interventions (EBIs) in routine care is crucial to improving HIV treatment outcomes among youth living with HIV (YLH). However, EBIs are often not sustained post clinical trial. An Adolescent Transition Package (ATP) delivered by health care workers (HCWs) and tested in Kenya in 2021 significantly improved YLH readiness to transition to independent care. Post-trial, participating clinics could continue us…
Cofactors of earlier uptake of modern postpartum family planning methods in Kenya
There are limited data on uptake of postpartum family planning (FP), particularly in high HIV prevalence settings. We assessed the timing of modern postpartum FP initiation and the cofactors of earlier uptake using longitudinal data from a clinical trial conducted in Kenya to assess two models of PrEP delivery among pregnant and postpartum women (NCT#03070600). Time to uptake of modern postpartum FP was estimated using survival analysis methods, …
Can audit and feedback improve health service readiness and delivery outcomes in a low-resource setting? Effectiveness results of the Ideas strategy from central Mozambique
Limited evidence exists on audit and feedback(A&F) in low-resource contexts. We tested the Integrated District Evidence-to-Action (IDEAs), a multicomponent A&F strategy in Mozambique’s maternal and child health (MCH) services. IDEAs include A&F meetings, readiness assessments, and facility support. We report the effectiveness results. IDEAs were implemented in 2016–2020 across two provinces, 12 districts, and 154 primary health facilities in Moza…
Multiple Adverse Childhood Experiences and Maternal Mental Health Outcomes Among Kenyan Mothers With and Without HIV
Real-world performance of point-of-care vs. standard-of-care HIV viral load testing in western Kenya
Routine HIV viral load testing is important for evaluating HIV treatment outcomes, but conventional viral load testing has many barriers including expensive laboratory equipment and lengthy results return times to patients. A point-of-care viral load testing technology, such as GeneXpert HIV-1 quantification assay, could reduce these barriers by decreasing cost and turnaround time, however real-world performance is limited. We conducted a seconda…
“We can tell a good teacher who cares, understands, and can be confidential about it”
Introduction: Disclosure of one's HIV status to others is often difficult due to the fear of stigma. However, disclosure may facilitate receiving social support. Many youth living with HIV (YLH) are enrolled in school as better treatments have improved the health and survival of children with HIV. There is no structured process for disclosure at school for YLH and their caregivers. We sought to understand school disclosure experiences among YLH a…
Adolescent experiences, perceptions, and preferences for the process of HIV status disclosure in Kenya
Introduction: Disclosure of HIV status to adolescents living with HIV has been associated with improved treatment outcomes. However, there are limited data regarding the experiences of, perceptions of, and preferences for the process of disclosure of HIV status among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYLH), especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Young adults living with HIV from 20 HIV clinics in Kenya who participated in a clinic…
‘I feel that I should decide on my own….’
INTRODUCTION: Efforts to improve health outcomes among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (ALHs) are hampered by limited adolescent engagement in HIV-related research. We sought to understand the views of adolescents, caregivers and healthcare workers (HCWs) about who should make decisions regarding ALHs' research participation. METHODS: We conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with ALHs (aged 14-24 yea…
Simulated patient training to improve youth engagement in HIV care in Kenya
Youth living with HIV (YLHIV) report that negative interactions with health care workers (HCWs) affects willingness to return to care. This stepped wedge randomized trial evaluated effectiveness of a standardized patient actor (SP) HCW training intervention on adolescent engagement in care in Kenya. HCWs caring for YLHIV at 24 clinics received training on adolescent care, values clarification, communication, and motivational interviewing, with 7 …
“Whenever you need support, you first turn to the group”
Social support is a critical component of achieving positive health outcomes for youth living with HIV (YLWH). Mobile health (mHealth) has significant potential for providing social support to YLWH. However, little is known about the domains of social support most needed by YLWH which mHealth interventions might address. Drawing on the spontaneous creation of WhatsApp support groups by YLWH in Nairobi, Kenya, we characterized Kenyan YLWH's social…
Identifying HIV-exposed uninfected children and adolescents in resource-limited settings
HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children and adolescents are at higher risk of poor outcomes compared to HIV-unexposed children (HUU). In program settings, it is critical to understand how to identify HEU for screening services. We describe our experience identifying HEU for a neurodevelopment and mental health screening study. We recruited mothers living with HIV (MLHIV) and mothers not living with HIV (MNHIV) and enrolled their HEU or HUU children…
When they are all grown, I will tell them”
Child's age is a key consideration for parents to disclose their own HIV status to their children. While parents were open to disclosing their HIV status to their children, there is a need to address barriers including anticipated stigma, and fear that disclosure will cause distress to their children
Individual-, Interpersonal- and Institutional-Level Factors Associated with HIV Stigma Among Youth in Kenya
Fertility Desire and Associations with Condomless Sex, Antiretroviral Adherence, and Transmission Potential in a Cohort of Kenyan Women Living with HIV in Sero-discordant Relationships
For women living with HIV (WLH) in serodiscordant partnerships, decisions about childbearing can challenge condom use and antiretroviral adherence. In a prospective cohort of 148 WLH in serodiscordant partnerships, 58 (39%) wanted more children in the future but were not currently trying to conceive (fertility desire), and 32 (22%) were currently trying to become pregnant (fertility intent). Detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in vaginal…
Risk factors for stillbirth and neonatal mortality among participants in Mobile WACh NEO pilot, a two-way SMS communication program in Kenya
Globally, 2.5 million neonates die and 2 million more are stillborn each year; the vast majority occur where access to life-saving care is limited. High quality, feasible interventions are needed to reach, educate and empower pregnant women and new mothers to improve care-seeking behaviors. Mobile WACh (Mobile solutions for Women’s and Children’s health) NEO is a human-computer hybrid mobile health (mHealth) system that allows for two-way short m…
Key influences on the decision to initiate PrEP among adolescent girls and young women within routine maternal child health and family planning clinics in Western Kenya
We sought to understand influences on PrEP uptake among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) whose decision on PrEP use was misaligned with their risk for HIV acquisition. In-depth interviews were conducted with 47 Kenyan HIV-negative AGYW aged 15-24 years who were offered PrEP during routine maternal and child health and family planning services. AGYW were sampled from two groups (1) declined PrEP and had ≥1 sexual partner(s) of unknow…
“It’s about making adolescents in charge of their health”
The health care transition (HCT) from pediatric to adult care is a potential contributor to poor clinical outcomes among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there is limited information on effective tools and processes to prepare and support ALHIV through this transition. This study elicited perspectives of policy-makers regarding barriers and facilitators to successful HCT among ALHIV in Kenya. Twenty in-depth inter…
Antenatal depressive symptoms in Kenyan women living with HIV
Depression among pregnant women living with HIV (WLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa leads to poor pregnancy and HIV outcomes. This cross-sectional analysis utilized enrollment data from a randomized trial (Mobile WAChX, NCT02400671) in six Kenyan public maternal and child health clinics. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), stigma with the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness, and intimate partner violence (IPV)…
Pediatric HIV Pre-test Informational Video is Associated with Higher Knowledge Scores Compared to Counselor-Delivered Information
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Antenatal Couple Counseling Increases Uptake of Interventions to Prevent HIV-1 Transmission
To determine effect of partner involvement and couple counseling on uptake of interventions to prevent HIV-1 transmission, women attending a Nairobi antenatal clinic were encouraged to return with partners for voluntary HIV-1 counseling and testing (VCT) and offered individual or couple posttest counseling. Nevirapine was provided to HIV-1-seropositive women and condoms distributed to all participants. Among 2104 women accepting testing, 308 (15%…
Determinants of failure to access care in mothers referred to HIV treatment programs in Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND: As prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs and HIV treatment programs rapidly expand in parallel, it is important to determine factors that influence the transition of HIV-infected women from maternal to continuing care. DESIGN: This study aimed to determine rates and co-factors of accessing HIV care by HIV-infected women exiting maternal care. A cross-sectional survey of women who had participated in a PMTC…
Predicting Pregnancy in HIV-1-Discordant Couples
The consequences of post-election violence on antiretroviral HIV therapy in Kenya
Over 1000 individuals were killed and 600,000 were displaced during post-election violence (PEV) in Kenya in 2008. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) depends on continuous access to medications which may have been interrupted due to PEV. In a mixed-methods retrospective review, treatment interruption of ART during PEV was measured among 2534 HIV-positive adults attending the Coptic Hope Center for Infectious Diseases in Nairobi, Kenya. Clients experien…
Antiretroviral Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Heterosexual Men and Women
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis is a promising approach for preventing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in heterosexual populations. METHODS: We conducted a randomized trial of oral antiretroviral therapy for use as preexposure prophylaxis among HIV-1-serodiscordant heterosexual couples from Kenya and Uganda. The HIV-1-seronegative partner in each couple was randomly assigned to one of three study regimens-…
Prevalence and correlates of insecticide-treated bednet use among HIV-1-infected adults in Kenya
HIV-1-infected adults are at increased risk for malaria. Insecticide-treated bednets protect individuals from malaria. Little is known about correlates of ownership and use of bednets among HIV-1-infected individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 388 HIV-1-infected adults recruited from three sites in Kenya (Kilifi, Kisii, and Kisumu) to determine factors associated with ownership and use of optimal bednets. We defined an optimal bedn…
Prevalence, perceptions, and correlates of pediatric HIV disclosure in an HIV treatment program in Kenya
Disclosure to HIV-infected children regarding their diagnosis is important as expanding numbers of HIV-infected children attain adolescence and may become sexually active. In order to define correlates of pediatric disclosure and facilitate development of models for disclosure, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of primary caregivers of HIV-1 infected children aged 6-16 years attending a pediatric HIV treatment program in Nairobi, Kenya. We co…
Adapting a stigma scale for assessment of tuberculosis-related stigma among English/Swahili-speaking patients in an African setting
The adapted 8-item SSCI appears to be a useful tool that may be administered by health workers in English or Swahili to quantify TB stigma among TB patients in Kenya
Alcohol use and immune reconstitution among HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Nairobi, Kenya
Studies on the effects of alcohol use on HIV disease progression have been contradictory, with at least one study finding a positive effect of low alcohol consumption on CD4 count. In addition, most such studies have taken place in the developed West. We investigated the association between alcohol use and immune reconstitution through CD4 count response among HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at an urban sub-Saharan Africa…
SMS messaging to improve ART adherence
There is growing evidence that mobile health (mHealth) approaches including short messaging service (SMS) can improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, but consensus is lacking regarding communication of HIV-related information. Most interventions to date have delivered SMS that do not overtly refer to HIV or ART in order to avoid risk of status disclosure. In formative work for an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating one-wa…
Non-disclosure to male partners and incomplete PMTCT regimens associated with higher risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission
Health worker experience and community support may be higher in high HIV prevalence regions than low prevalence regions, leading to improved prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs. We evaluated 6-week and 9-month infant HIV transmission risk (TR) in a high prevalence region and nationally. Population-proportionate-to-size sampling was used to select 141 clinics in Kenya, and mobile teams surveyed mother-infant pairs atten…
Implications of Combined Exposure to Household Air Pollution and HIV on Neurocognition in Children
Air pollution exposure and HIV infection can each cause neurocognitive insult in children. The purpose of this study was to test whether children with combined high air pollution exposure and perinatal HIV infection have even greater risk of neurocognitive impairment. This was a cross-sectional study of HIV-uninfected unexposed (HUU) and HIV-infected children and their caregivers in Nairobi, Kenya. We used a detailed neuropsychological battery to…
Prevalence and correlates of non-disclosure of maternal HIV status to male partners
HIV-infected women were less likely to disclose their status to partners than HIV-uninfected women. Non-disclosure was associated with lower use of PMTCT services. Facilitating maternal disclosure to male partners may enhance PMTCT uptake
Lessons from PrEP
This study explored how multinational HIV experts weigh clinical, evidential, and ethical considerations regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis in pregnant/breastfeeding women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in HIV policy, research, treatment, and implementation from three global regions. A constant comparative approach identified major themes. Experts noted that exclusion of pregnant women from research limits evidence regard…
Influence and involvement of support people in adolescent and young adult HIV testing
HIV incidence and mortality are high among adolescents and young adults (AYA) in sub-Saharan Africa, but testing rates are low. Understanding how support people (SP), such as peers, partners, or parents, influence AYA may improve HIV testing uptake. AYA aged 14-24 seeking HIV testing at a referral hospital in Nairobi, Kenya completed a post-test survey assessing the role of SP. Among 1062 AYA, median age was 21. Overall, 12% reported their decisi…
Pilot evaluation of a standardized patient actor training intervention to improve HIV care for adolescents and young adults in Kenya
Poor retention in HIV care remains a major problem for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA). A Standardized Patient (SP) clinical training intervention was developed to improve healthcare worker (HCW) "adolescent-friendly" competencies in Kenya. Professional actors were trained to portray HIV-infected AYA according to standardized scripts. HCWs completed a 2-day SP training that included didactic sessions, 7 video-recorded SP encounters, and group …
Birth size and early pneumonia predict linear growth among HIV‐exposed uninfected infants
Stunting remains a global health priority, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Identifying determinants of linear growth in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants can inform interventions to prevent stunting in this vulnerable population. HIV-infected mothers and their uninfected infants were followed monthly from pregnancy to 12-month post-partum in Nairobi, Kenya. Mixed-effects models estimated the change in length-for-age z-score (LAZ) from birt…
An mHealth SMS intervention on Postpartum Contraceptive Use Among Women and Couples in Kenya
Objectives. To assess the effect of 2-way short message service (SMS) with a nurse on postpartum contraceptive use among individual women and couples. Methods. From 2016 to 2017, we conducted a randomized controlled trial at 2 public hospitals in western Kenya. We assigned eligible pregnant women to receive 2-way SMS with a nurse or no SMS, with the option to include male partners. We delivered automated family planning–focused SMS messages weekl…
Newly diagnosed HIV positive children
Newly diagnosed HIV positive children may be unique index cases to identify undiagnosed parents. Data was used from the Pediatric Urgent Start of HAART (NCT02063880) trial, which enrolled hospitalized, ART-naïve, HIV positive children ages 0–12 years in Kenya. Exact McNemar’s tests were used to compare proportions of mothers and fathers tested for HIV, linked to care, and on ART at baseline and 6 months. This analysis included 87 newly diagnosed …
Growth patterns and their contributing factors among HIV‐exposed uninfected infants
With expanded HIV treatment and prevention programmes, most infants born to HIV-positive women are uninfected, but the patterns and determinants of their growth are not well described. This study aimed to assess growth patterns in a cohort of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants who participated in an experimental HIV vaccine trial and to test for associations with maternal and infant factors, including in-utero exposure to antiretroviral therapy…
The Psychosocial Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Youth Living with HIV in Western Kenya
The objective of this study was to assess psychosocial effects of COVID-19 among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Kenya and to assess the feasibility of conducting behavioral surveys by phone. We adapted our protocol to administer telephone rather than in-person follow-up surveys and included questions about COVID-19. The majority of participants (99%) reported having heard of COVID-19; 23% reported no longer being able to go outside, 17% r…
From research to international scale-up
Stakeholder engagement between researchers, policymakers and practitioners is critical for the successful translation of research into policy and practice. The Counseling and Testing for Children at Home (CATCH) study evaluated a paediatric index case testing model, targeting the children of HIV-infected adults in care in Kenya. Researchers collaborated with stakeholders in the planning, execution and evaluation, and dissemination phases of CATCH…
Is there an optimal screening tool for identifying perinatal depression within clinical settings of sub-Saharan Africa
Depression is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide and the most common complication of the perinatal period. Women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are disproportionately impacted by perinatal depression. Maternal and child health (MCH) clinics are widely attended in SSA, offering a potential access point for depression screening. Yet, selection of optimal depression screening instruments for use within MCH clinics in SSA rema…
Task-sharing and piloting WHO group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-G) for adolescent mothers living with HIV in Nairobi primary health care centers
This paper describes a sustainable structure to deliver the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed group Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT-G) for Postpartum Adolescent (PPA) mothers living with HIV in Nairobi. It documents the process of mobilizing, training, and engaging Community Health Workers (CHWs) and Key Informants (health facility staff) involved in the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) in two Primary Health Care (PHC) f…
Financial Incentives for Pediatric HIV Testing (FIT)
Medicine (46 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (40 obras) · Family medicine (30 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (25 obras) · Nursing (21 obras) · Psychology (21 obras) · Public health (17 obras) · Demography (15 obras) · Internal Medicine (15 obras) · Environmental health (14 obras)