R Kossakowski
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 68188 |
|---|---|
| NOME | R Kossakowski |
| PRENOMES | R |
| SOBRENOME | Kossakowski |
| ASSINATURA | KOSSAKOWSKI R |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Gdańsk |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4150-9730 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 43 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 70 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2015 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Poland's state capitalism, state dirigisme and the European Games
This article examines Poland's organisation of the 2023 European Games as a case study of state capitalism and dirigisme under the Law and Justice (PiS) government. Drawing on qualitative analysis of official documents, public statements and media coverage, the study examines the political rationales, institutional arrangements and discursive justifications underpinning the decision to host the Games and the political processes surrounding the pr…
Towards a concept of the ordinary football supporter. National team fan as an example
Research on football supporters usually focuses on the unique and unusual aspects of fandom. A significant amount of research has examined topics such as violence, racism and nationalism. Others focus on specific groups of supporters, such as ultras or hooligans. The theme of the ordinary supporters is under-researched. The objective of this paper is to introduce and explore the concept of ordinary supporters. The article examines supporters who …
Strażniczki normatywnej kobiecości? Analiza roli matek piłkarek nożnych w podtrzymywaniu upłciowionych relacji władzy w sporcie
Previous research shows that women athletes in “masculine” sports negotiate their femininity to conform to normative expectations while meeting the demands of the sport. However, the role of parents in shaping athletes’ femininity has received limited attention. Therefore, this article analyzes the opinions of Polish female football players regarding their mothers’ attitudes toward their participation in football in relation to socio-cultural nor…
Upadek, fuzja, reaktywacja
Mimo rozbudowanych badań nad polską transformacją ustrojową losy organizacji sportowych pozostają słabo rozpoznanym obszarem analiz społecznych. Artykuł podejmuje ten problem, koncentrując się na tym, jak zmiany polityczne, gospodarcze i instytucjonalne po 1989 r. przełożyły się na funkcjonowanie klubów piłkarskich wywodzących się z modelu sportu państwowo-zakładowego. Celem badań jest rekonstrukcja i porównanie transformacyjnych trajektorii trze…
Searching for Validity in Interview Research on Football (Soccer) Ultras as a Hard-to-Reach Group
There is a significant gap in the literature regarding proven interviewing techniques for qualitative interviews with football ultras and a considerable lack of comprehensive methodological guidance on enhancing validity in research involving hard-to-reach groups. In this article, we address both gaps by systematising our fieldwork experience from research on ultras in Poland and proposing refined and tested techniques that increase the validity …
Forbidden Fruits? Institutional Rules, Agency, and Structure in European Football
This paper investigates the contested regulation of alcohol, standing and pyrotechnics in European men's football, utilizing Giddens’ structuration theory. Specifically, we analyze how the regulation of these three practices—representing key expressions of football supporter culture inside the stadia—reveals the making of a spatio-historically significant structure that is constantly “on-the-move” and co-produced by processes of institutional con…
When I walk through the stadium’s gate, I have to be a man among the others
Focusing on female fans of professional football teams in Tunisia, this article highlights the ways in which gender is performed within the specific context of football fandom. Based on a qualitative sociological study conducted through 23 semi-structured interviews with a group of women who identify as football team fans, this article analyses fandom's feminine performance. By examining the behaviours of women in the stands, a space dominated by…
What makes a man unmanly? The global concept of ‘unmanliness’
This paper presents the findings of a multi-national study that led to the development of a new analytical framework in masculinity research—the Global Concept of ‘Unmanliness’ (GCU). Drawing on three key theories—hegemonic masculinity, precarious manhood and masculinity threat, and emasculation—we conducted an innovative study across 15 countries (selected from an initial pool of 62) to examine cultural perceptions of ‘unmanliness.’ Participants…
The Purest Form of Me”
Dimensions of professionalization
Linking perceptions of football governance to democratic values
Football-Related Violence, Hegemonic Masculinity, and the Politics of Exclusion
The main goal of this article is to examine football fan culture in post-transition Eastern and Central Europe. While the region includes countries with varied histories, ethnicities, and religious influences, a shared communist past has shaped their social trajectories. The article argues that contemporary fan culture—marked by symbolic and physical violence, rigid gender norms emphasizing traditional masculinity, and right-wing exclusionary ide…
A European Public Sphere United by Football
The ability of the European community to respond to the multiple crises threatening the European Union and Europe depends in part on citizens' shared European identity giving legitimacy and support to communal action. Men's elite European club football is an example of a cultural practice that is highly Europeanised, reaches diverse audiences and is a known carrier of collective identities. This article examines the emergence of a European public…
Stability and Change in Sports Fandom Over Time
Scholars have recognized that sports fandom is not static, but temporal and fluid. However, little longitudinal research has traced the development of fandom over time. This analysis makes a new contribution to the sociology of fandom and women’s sport by drawing from interviews with 35 U.S. adults who attended the 2019 Women’s World Cup and were reinterviewed after the 2023 Women’s World Cup to consider how and why fandom of U.S. women’s profess…
Communities of Risk and Cosmopolitanism? A Comparative Study of Football Supporters' Resistance to Processes of Risk and (in)Security
In the sociology of risk, existing literature commonly highlights the catastrophic nature of ‘risk’. Following Ulrich Beck's theories, however, the (world) risk society also presents opportunities for cosmopolitan risk communities that emerge from shared experiences of risks and threats, whereby social actors mobilize in a response to experiences of risk. Though, a sociological puzzle—which this paper tackles—relates to what these risk communitie…
Doing gender and football fandom for Tunisian women
A study of disillusionment in Polish families hosting refugees from Ukraine in 2022
This study explores the experiences of families hosting Ukrainian refugees following the Russian invasion. It uses narrative interviews with Polish hosts and reveals their experiences, from initial solidarity and pride to frustration and a sense of moral disappointment. The analysis identifies the phenomenon of disillusionment as hosts navigate the complexities of everyday life with their guests, contrasting initial expectations with face-to-face…
A Lot of Men Have Definitely Gotten Over the Whole 'No One Wants to Watch Women's Sports' Thing
Recent research on the 'feminization' of fandom in men's sport has considered how fans interpret and respond to the increased presence of women in this masculinized social setting. We explore the converse: the masculinization of fandom in women's sport, a feminized social setting. Based on interviews with 35 U.S. women's professional soccer fans in 2019 and 2023, we explore fan perceptions of a greater number of boys and men attending women's gam…
European football fans' resistance and protest in the face of legal restrictions
Scholars have established that European football represents an important domain for protest and resistance. While European football has undergone significant political, economic and social transformations, football supporters have adopted various tools of resistance when faced with these processes. Legal restrictions and security measures imposed on football supporters represent highly contested areas of football. Although existing case studies a…
Predatory fandom and autoimmune community - Polish football fandom in the search for a pure homeland
One of the crucial aspects of football fans' identity is their antagonistic attitude towards rivals and real or imagined enemies and threats. This article investigates Polish football fans' antagonistic way of building group identity by applying the terms 'predatory identities' and 'immunized communities' as the guiding concepts. The article is based on a content analysis of the performances that Polish football fans present during football match…
Gdańsk. Son club. Son stade. Son chantier naval. Son Prix Nobel
En septembre 1983, le modeste stade municipal de Gdańsk, qui n’a jamais été une adresse majeure du football polonais, a vécu un moment historique d’ordre politique. Dans un pays soumis à la loi martiale, il a permis l’expression d’une fière résistance de la classe ouvrière contre un régime politique injuste et d’un soutien indéfectible au syndicat Solidarność et à son leader, Lech Wałęsa, à deux pas des immenses chantiers navals où le mouvement a…
Hooligans are coming home. A response to Ellis Cashmore and Kevin Dixon, ‘Why football violence made a comeback in continental Europe but spared England’ [ soccer & society 25, no. 3 (2024)
The end of terraces? Fans’ identity in times of crisis in Poland
The main assumption of the text is that, in Poland, small fan groups are facing a threat to their existence, and many of them are functioning in an evident crisis. Based on secondary data, the main mechanisms influencing the problems of fan groups from smaller clubs in maintaining and developing their potential will be reconstructed. These mechanisms are: economic emigration of supporters, ageing of supporter group members (lack of generational r…
Transactionality, Opportunism and the Third Generation’s Emotional Patriotism. Deservingness and Transnational Football Players in the Polish National Team
Most studies which focus on the topic of transnational athletes tend to analyse this phenomenon in the context of western European countries, usually those with a colonial past. However, the scale of migration and its diversity makes it necessary to look at other geographical contexts of transnationalism in sport. One field of particular presence of transnational athletes is national football teams. This paper considers all cases of transnational…
From studio to screen
In this study, we shed light on the relationship between the production processes in televised football in Poland and representations of race/ethnicity. Previous research has extensively explored representations of race/ethnicity in mediated sports texts, but there remains a gap in understanding the production processes and their connection to these representations, particularly in contexts beyond the Anglosphere. In order to address this gap, in…
From Communist Fan Clubs to Professional Hooligans
The main aim of this article is to present the history of Polish football fandom as a social process which has coincided with the processes of transformation of Polish society over the last few decades. The fan movement in Poland dates back to the early 1970s when the communist authorities attempted to channel the activity of supporters. The 1980s, however, brought the development of a spontaneous movement with strong accents of hooliganism. The …
Football, Conservative Values, and a Feeling of Oneness with the Group
The main aim of this article is to show some characteristics of the identity of Polish football supporters. The results of a study conducted among 309 fans actively engaged in formal (supporters’ associations) and informal groups (e.g., hooligans or ultras), as well as data from qualitative research, reveal their strong identification with Poland as a country, with their family, club, and group of supporters. At the same time, Polish fans do not …
Where are the hooligans? Dimensions of football fandom in Poland
The present paper aims to outline and explain the social world of the most committed football supporters in Poland. The analysis proceeds from the assumption that such a community is based on a particular culture established by its own discourses, constituting the habitus of individuals who generate strong social bonds and a normative structure, and is a source of social capital. Since this sub-culture can be understood as a multidimensional sphe…
Partners’, ‘mothers’, and ‘tomboys’. female football fans in the structural trap of assigned roles in Poland
The number of studies on female fans has recently increased, reflecting the growing number of women in the stands. Studies pay special attention to women’s identification and engagement in football fandom and the ways women struggle for recognition. However, they tend to marginalize the role of other actors in the process of feminization of football. This paper intends to fill this gap by describing the roles imposed on female fans by male fans a…
A Squad with No Left Wingers
This article examines the lack of political pluralism and the resurgence of nationalism among football fans in Poland. As confirmed by quantitative surveys, Polish fans align with right- or ultra-right wing parties. Left-wing ideology is virtually non-existent at football terraces. The aims of the paper are: to provide a thorough description of Polish fans’ political engagement and attitudes; to discuss interrelations between the wider socio-poli…
Marginalised, patronised and instrumentalised
Since the 1990s there has been a growing number of female supporters following football clubs and there is little doubt that they have recently become an important part of the audience for both football authorities and clubs. The process of football's feminisation is neither simple nor is it taking place in a social vacuum, and female fans are encountering well-institutionalised football fandom culture, which is deeply entrenched in stadium ritua…
A European Public Sphere United by Football
The ability of the European community to respond to the multiple crises threatening the European Union and Europe depends in part on citizens' shared European identity giving legitimacy and support to communal action. Men's elite European club football is an example of a cultural practice that is highly Europeanised, reaches diverse audiences and is a known carrier of collective identities. This article examines the emergence of a European public…
Stability and Change in Sports Fandom Over Time
Scholars have recognized that sports fandom is not static, but temporal and fluid. However, little longitudinal research has traced the development of fandom over time. This analysis makes a new contribution to the sociology of fandom and women’s sport by drawing from interviews with 35 U.S. adults who attended the 2019 Women’s World Cup and were reinterviewed after the 2023 Women’s World Cup to consider how and why fandom of U.S. women’s profess…
Opportunistic nationalism and racism
Class wars among devoted football supporters. Hooligan bourgeoisie and non-hooligan proletariat
The paper explores a phenomenon of growing divisions within the Polish football supporters, namely between the hooligans and the rest of devoted supporters. There are three primary aims of the paper: 1) to explain the origin of the more apparent division in the devoted supporters’ community; 2) to characterize the division, and thus – 3) to analyse its potential consequences. The paper draws on 96 interviews with football supporters and a desk re…
European football fans' resistance and protest in the face of legal restrictions
Scholars have established that European football represents an important domain for protest and resistance. While European football has undergone significant political, economic and social transformations, football supporters have adopted various tools of resistance when faced with these processes. Legal restrictions and security measures imposed on football supporters represent highly contested areas of football. Although existing case studies a…
From studio to screen
In this study, we shed light on the relationship between the production processes in televised football in Poland and representations of race/ethnicity. Previous research has extensively explored representations of race/ethnicity in mediated sports texts, but there remains a gap in understanding the production processes and their connection to these representations, particularly in contexts beyond the Anglosphere. In order to address this gap, in…
Beyond stereotypes
In common opinion, football fandom constitutes a male space as men are perceived to be more 'authentic' and engaged fans, more attached to the club. This article makes a contribution to the discussion on the differences between female and male fans and their modes of engagement. We aimed to answer the question of whether there are any differences between male and female supporters in: (1) self-stereotyping (agency, communion, independent self-con…
Communities of Risk and Cosmopolitanism? A Comparative Study of Football Supporters' Resistance to Processes of Risk and (in)Security
In the sociology of risk, existing literature commonly highlights the catastrophic nature of ‘risk’. Following Ulrich Beck's theories, however, the (world) risk society also presents opportunities for cosmopolitan risk communities that emerge from shared experiences of risks and threats, whereby social actors mobilize in a response to experiences of risk. Though, a sociological puzzle—which this paper tackles—relates to what these risk communitie…
A study of disillusionment in Polish families hosting refugees from Ukraine in 2022
This study explores the experiences of families hosting Ukrainian refugees following the Russian invasion. It uses narrative interviews with Polish hosts and reveals their experiences, from initial solidarity and pride to frustration and a sense of moral disappointment. The analysis identifies the phenomenon of disillusionment as hosts navigate the complexities of everyday life with their guests, contrasting initial expectations with face-to-face…
Introduction
Whilst there is a romantic myth that the European Cup was developed for sporting reasons, power, nationalism and money were significant factors. Since the formation of the European Cup in 1955, European competitions have grown in prestige and finances. The spectre of a breakaway Super League has been used repeatedly to assert the power of elite clubs. In 1992, the result was the Champions League which established a league format providing more te…
Euro 2012, the ‘civilizational leap’ and the ‘supporters United’ programme
The objective of this article is to evaluate the social and cultural significance of the ‘Supporters United’ programme, an unprecedented initiative combining fan culture, institutional actors and local authorities. The idea of this initiative was born during the preparation for Euro 2012 – first Mega Sport Event which Poland had organized since the system transformation in 1989. The organization of the European Championship was a milestone in the…
The Social Phenomenon of Football
From Communist Fan Clubs to Professional Hooligans
The main aim of this article is to present the history of Polish football fandom as a social process which has coincided with the processes of transformation of Polish society over the last few decades. The fan movement in Poland dates back to the early 1970s when the communist authorities attempted to channel the activity of supporters. The 1980s, however, brought the development of a spontaneous movement with strong accents of hooliganism. The …
Where are the hooligans? Dimensions of football fandom in Poland
The present paper aims to outline and explain the social world of the most committed football supporters in Poland. The analysis proceeds from the assumption that such a community is based on a particular culture established by its own discourses, constituting the habitus of individuals who generate strong social bonds and a normative structure, and is a source of social capital. Since this sub-culture can be understood as a multidimensional sphe…
Football, Conservative Values, and a Feeling of Oneness with the Group
The main aim of this article is to show some characteristics of the identity of Polish football supporters. The results of a study conducted among 309 fans actively engaged in formal (supporters’ associations) and informal groups (e.g., hooligans or ultras), as well as data from qualitative research, reveal their strong identification with Poland as a country, with their family, club, and group of supporters. At the same time, Polish fans do not …
Bracia po szalu i sąsiadki zza miedzy. Narracje o męskości w środowisku kibiców piłkarskich
Sport, a szczególnie piłka nożna postrzegane są jako domena typowo męska, zarówno w kontekście zawodników, jak i kibiców. Poniższy artykuł dotyczy procesów kształtowania narracji o męskości w środowisku kibiców piłkarskich. Ma on na celu wyjście poza stwierdzenie, że świat kibiców to męski świat. Analiza zawarta w tekście dotyczy tego, jak męski charakter kibicowania jest kształtowany i podtrzymywany. Z tego powodu celem niniejszego studium jest …
Euro 2012, the ‘civilizational leap’ and the ‘supporters United’ programme
The objective of this article is to evaluate the social and cultural significance of the ‘Supporters United’ programme, an unprecedented initiative combining fan culture, institutional actors and local authorities. The idea of this initiative was born during the preparation for Euro 2012 – first Mega Sport Event which Poland had organized since the system transformation in 1989. The organization of the European Championship was a milestone in the…
A Squad with No Left Wingers
This article examines the lack of political pluralism and the resurgence of nationalism among football fans in Poland. As confirmed by quantitative surveys, Polish fans align with right- or ultra-right wing parties. Left-wing ideology is virtually non-existent at football terraces. The aims of the paper are: to provide a thorough description of Polish fans’ political engagement and attitudes; to discuss interrelations between the wider socio-poli…
Women Sport Fans
Ultras
Ultras have become the most dominant style of football fandom in the world having spread from Southern Europe across North Africa to Northern and Eastern Europe, SE Asia and North America. This book argues that ultras are an important site of enquiry into understanding contemporary society. They are a passionate, politically engaged collective that base their identity around a form of consumption (football) that links to modern notions of identit…
Class wars among devoted football supporters. Hooligan bourgeoisie and non-hooligan proletariat
The paper explores a phenomenon of growing divisions within the Polish football supporters, namely between the hooligans and the rest of devoted supporters. There are three primary aims of the paper: 1) to explain the origin of the more apparent division in the devoted supporters’ community; 2) to characterize the division, and thus – 3) to analyse its potential consequences. The paper draws on 96 interviews with football supporters and a desk re…
Marginalised, patronised and instrumentalised
Since the 1990s there has been a growing number of female supporters following football clubs and there is little doubt that they have recently become an important part of the audience for both football authorities and clubs. The process of football's feminisation is neither simple nor is it taking place in a social vacuum, and female fans are encountering well-institutionalised football fandom culture, which is deeply entrenched in stadium ritua…
Outsider” w procesie cywilizowania. Wokół tożsamości kibiców piłkarskich
Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie historii kibicowania piłkarskiego w Polsce w kontekście eliasowskiego procesu cywilizowania.. Autor tekstu, opierając się badaniach empirycznych (wywiady pogłębione z kibicami, analiza treści czasopism i stron internetowych powiązanych z treścią kibicowską), śledzi przemiany w postawach i zachowaniach kibiców piłkarskich. Analiza kultury kibicowania pozwala wskazać rozwijające się wymiary tej kultury, je…
Identity reconstruction among people with physical disabilities practising Race Running
The main aim of the article is to present the results of research concerning the reconstruction of the identity of people with disabilities who practice Race Running. In the scientific literature focused on disability, sport is presented as one of the important elements serving for the reconstruction of the identity of people with disabilities and their integration, inclusion with the surrounding social world. However, previous studies did not an…
Partners’, ‘mothers’, and ‘tomboys’. female football fans in the structural trap of assigned roles in Poland
The number of studies on female fans has recently increased, reflecting the growing number of women in the stands. Studies pay special attention to women’s identification and engagement in football fandom and the ways women struggle for recognition. However, they tend to marginalize the role of other actors in the process of feminization of football. This paper intends to fill this gap by describing the roles imposed on female fans by male fans a…
Opportunistic nationalism and racism
Introduction
Whilst there is a romantic myth that the European Cup was developed for sporting reasons, power, nationalism and money were significant factors. Since the formation of the European Cup in 1955, European competitions have grown in prestige and finances. The spectre of a breakaway Super League has been used repeatedly to assert the power of elite clubs. In 1992, the result was the Champions League which established a league format providing more te…
Beyond stereotypes
In common opinion, football fandom constitutes a male space as men are perceived to be more 'authentic' and engaged fans, more attached to the club. This article makes a contribution to the discussion on the differences between female and male fans and their modes of engagement. We aimed to answer the question of whether there are any differences between male and female supporters in: (1) self-stereotyping (agency, communion, independent self-con…
Gdańsk. Son club. Son stade. Son chantier naval. Son Prix Nobel
En septembre 1983, le modeste stade municipal de Gdańsk, qui n’a jamais été une adresse majeure du football polonais, a vécu un moment historique d’ordre politique. Dans un pays soumis à la loi martiale, il a permis l’expression d’une fière résistance de la classe ouvrière contre un régime politique injuste et d’un soutien indéfectible au syndicat Solidarność et à son leader, Lech Wałęsa, à deux pas des immenses chantiers navals où le mouvement a…
Hooligans are coming home. A response to Ellis Cashmore and Kevin Dixon, ‘Why football violence made a comeback in continental Europe but spared England’ [ soccer & society 25, no. 3 (2024)
The end of terraces? Fans’ identity in times of crisis in Poland
The main assumption of the text is that, in Poland, small fan groups are facing a threat to their existence, and many of them are functioning in an evident crisis. Based on secondary data, the main mechanisms influencing the problems of fan groups from smaller clubs in maintaining and developing their potential will be reconstructed. These mechanisms are: economic emigration of supporters, ageing of supporter group members (lack of generational r…
Transactionality, Opportunism and the Third Generation’s Emotional Patriotism. Deservingness and Transnational Football Players in the Polish National Team
Most studies which focus on the topic of transnational athletes tend to analyse this phenomenon in the context of western European countries, usually those with a colonial past. However, the scale of migration and its diversity makes it necessary to look at other geographical contexts of transnationalism in sport. One field of particular presence of transnational athletes is national football teams. This paper considers all cases of transnational…
From studio to screen
In this study, we shed light on the relationship between the production processes in televised football in Poland and representations of race/ethnicity. Previous research has extensively explored representations of race/ethnicity in mediated sports texts, but there remains a gap in understanding the production processes and their connection to these representations, particularly in contexts beyond the Anglosphere. In order to address this gap, in…
Enclaved non-heteronormativity and pragmatic acceptance. The experiences of Polish female football players
The aim of this article is to discuss how Polish non-heterosexual female football players cope with institutionalised normative heterosexuality, which functions in Poland on several levels. The study is based on 25 in-depth interviews with professional Polish female football players. The interviewed women experienced heteronormativity within Polish society, which precluded negotiating the status of homosexuality in the broader social context. The…
What makes a man unmanly? The global concept of ‘unmanliness’
This paper presents the findings of a multi-national study that led to the development of a new analytical framework in masculinity research—the Global Concept of ‘Unmanliness’ (GCU). Drawing on three key theories—hegemonic masculinity, precarious manhood and masculinity threat, and emasculation—we conducted an innovative study across 15 countries (selected from an initial pool of 62) to examine cultural perceptions of ‘unmanliness.’ Participants…
The Purest Form of Me”
Sports, Gender, and Society (36 obras) · Football (28 obras) · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts (28 obras) · Political science (25 obras) · Sociology (25 obras) · Law (22 obras) · Gender Studies (18 obras) · Politics (17 obras) · Media studies (16 obras) · Fandom (15 obras)