Robert L Ohsfeldt
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 712453 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Robert L Ohsfeldt |
| PRENOMES | Robert L |
| SOBRENOME | Ohsfeldt |
| ASSINATURA | OHSFELDT R L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Alabama at Birmingham |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6117-056X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 37 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 82 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1979 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Persistent Frequent Emergency Department Use Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic
OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in persistent emergency department (ED) use by adult frequent ED (FED) users over time comparing prepandemic versus peripandemic periods, and to identify distinct characteristics of individuals who remained FED users over time during the pandemic versus the prepandemic era. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, secondary, longitudinal analysis in Texas, following 2 cohorts of ED users over 36 months (cohort 1: March…
Predictors of Multiple Emergency Department Utilization Among Frequent Emergency Department Users in 3 States
BACKGROUND: Research on frequent emergency department (ED) use shows that a subgroup of patients visits multiple EDs. This study characterizes these individuals. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine how many frequent ED users seek care at multiple EDs and to identify sociodemographic, clinical, and contextual factors associated with such behavior. RESEARCH DESIGN: We used the 2011-2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project St…
Racial Disparities in Type of Heart Failure and Hospitalization
Hospital Characteristics are Associated With Readiness to Attain Stage 2 Meaningful Use of Electronic Health Records
PURPOSE: To examine the difference between rural and urban hospitals as to their overall level of readiness for stage 2 meaningful use of electronic health records (EHRs) and to identify other key factors that affect their readiness for stage 2 meaningful use. METHODS: A conceptual framework based on the theory of organizational readiness for change was used in a cross-sectional multivariate analysis using 2,083 samples drawn from the HIMSS Analy…
Prenatal care effectiveness and utilization in Brazil
The impact of prenatal care use on birth outcomes has been understudied in South American countries. This study assessed the effects of various measures of prenatal care use on birth weight (BW) and gestational age outcomes using samples of infants born without and with common birth defects from Brazil, and evaluated the demand for prenatal care. Prenatal visits improved BW in the group without birth defects through increasing both fetal growth r…
Prenatal care demand and its effects on birth outcomes by birth defect status in Argentina
Effects of Specialty Hospitals on the Financial Performance of General Hospitals, 1997–2004
Hospital specialization has become a controversial topic, culminating in a moratorium issued in 2003 by Congress directing the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to cease payments to new physician-owned specialty hospitals for those Medicare and Medicaid patients referred by physicians with a financial interest in the facility. This paper focuses on one important economic question: does the presence of specialty hospitals in a market affe…
An Interpersonal Continuity of Care Measure for Medicare Part B Claims Analyses
Researchers can measure interpersonal continuity of care using Medicare Part B claims. Replication of these findings and further construct validation, however, are needed prior to widespread adoption of this method
Hospital Episodes and Physician Visits
BACKGROUND: Health services use typically is examined using either self-reports or administrative data, but the concordance between the 2 is not well established. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the concordance of hospital and physician utilization data from self-reports and claims data, and identified factors associated with disagreement. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis on linked observational and administrative data. A national sample of 431…
What Would Be the Effect of Referral to High‐Volume Hospitals in a Largely Rural State
Context: Volume of certain surgical procedures has been linked to patient outcomes. The Leapfrog Group and others have recommended evidence‐based referral using specific volume thresholds for nonemergent cases. The literature is limited on the effect of such referral on hospitals, especially in rural areas. Purpose: To examine the impact of evidence‐based referral by volume standard for 5 hospital procedures (abdominal aortic artery repair, coron…
Intensive Care Unit Utilization and Interhospital Transfers As Potential Indicators of Rural Hospital Quality
Context: Obtaining meaningful information from statistically valid and reliable measures of the quality of care for disease‐specific care provided in small rural hospitals is limited by small numbers of cases and different definitive care capacities. An alternative approach may be to aggregate and analyze patient services that reflect more generalized care processes. Purpose: To evaluate the applicability of intensive care unit (ICU) utilization …
The Effects of CON Repeal on Medicaid Nursing Home and Long-Term Care Expenditures
Certificate-of-need (CON) and construction moratorium laws are used widely by states as a potential mechanism for constraining Medicaid nursing home expenditures. However, there is only limited empirical work examining whether these policies are effective at lowering Medicaid spending. Using aggregate state-level data from 1981 through 1998, this study found that states that repealed their CON and moratorium laws had no significant growth in eith…
Do “Any Willing Provider” and “Freedom of Choice” Laws Affect HMO Market Share
This study examines the effects of “any willing provider” (AWP) and “freedom of choice” (FOC) laws on the market share of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in metropolitan statistical areas over the period 1989–95. We use pooled cross-section time-series regression techniques with year and state fixed effects. HMO market share is hypothesized to be a function of state laws, market characteristics, and state preference for managed care regul…
Beer Taxes, Workers' Compensation, and Industrial Injury
The apparent effects of beer taxes, workers' compensation rules, and other factors on reported rates of lost work-days due to injury are estimated. The data used are for injury rates for two-digit SIC industries at the state-level pooled over 1975–85. The results indicate that higher beer tax rates are associated with lower rates of injury lost work-days. More generous workers' compensation payments generally are associated with higher reported i…
Simplifying the Assessment of Rural Emergency Medical Services Trauma Transport
OBJECTIVES The authors determine whether assessments of effects of rural emergency medical service (EMS) system characteristics on trauma outcomes (using patient-level data) are significantly biased if the Injury Severity Score (ISS) is not available. METHODS The data are from ambulance trip reports merged with the trauma registry data for the Georgia EMS region VI trauma center hospital, located in Augusta. All 294 trauma patients for the rural …
Simplifying the Assessment of Rural Emergency Medical Service Trauma Transport
OBJECTIVES: The authors determine whether assessments of effects of rural emergency medical services (EMS) system characteristics on trauma outcomes using patient-level data are biased significantly if the Injury Severity Score (ISS) is not available. METHODS: Data are taken from ambulance trip reports merged with the trauma registry data for the Georgia EMS region VI trauma center hospital, located in Augusta. All 294 trauma patients for the rur…
Rural Emergency Medical Services
This study sought to describe the volume of use, mix of patients, origin and destination of runs, times and distances to care, and the volume of clinical services provided in a rural emergency medical services region. This study summarizes all 6,080 rural emergency ambulance trip reports filed from April through September 1991 from the 12 rural counties surrounding Augusta, GA. Rural ambulances are regularly used and are used extensively by elder…
State Regulation and Hospital Costs
The effects of various regulations on hospital costs are estimated using a two decade long panel data set which spans the initiation, and in some instances the repeal, of various forms of hospital regulation. The long panel fosters two improvements over previous research. First, as state hospital cost levels may affect states' incentive to regulate, fixed effect estimators alleviate omitted variable bias derived from the states' regulatory discre…
State abortion policy and infant health
Prior research suggests that the availability of abortion services may affect the proportion of observed births with poor outcomes (e.g., low birth weight). Recent Supreme Court decisions and changes in the composition of elected officials of state governments have increased the saliency of state discretion over abortion related policies. This paper presents results from a simulation model of the effects of hypothetical state laws prohibiting abo…
Tobacco excise taxes and rates of smokeless tobacco use in the US
Correspondence to Dr Robert L Ohsfeldt, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2010, USA Abstract Objective To determine the association between state tobacco excise tax rates and the rate of smokeless tobacco use in the US. Design-A single cross-section of state level data for 1985 are used in a multi variate regression model controlling for ability to pay, educational attainment, consumer prefere…
Which States Will Restrict Abortions? Predictions from Votes in the House of Representatives
In response to the Supreme Court's rulings in Webster v. Reproductive Services and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, which increased the ability of states to restrict abortions, many state legislatures have reexamined their abortion policies. Several recent studies use a variety of methods to predict whether states will restrict abortion access. These studies have utilized congressional votes on abortion legislation, past …
The dependent tax exemption, abortion availability, and US fertility rates
Voting in the U.S. House on Abortion Funding Issues
A bstract . The Supreme Court's ruling in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services increased the political saliency of the abortion issue. Since pro‐choice and pro‐life groups within the constituencies of U.S. legislators paid closer attention to abortion‐related roll call votes after Webster, the legislators’ voting behavior on such issues might have changed as a result of the decision. Accordingly, voting model estimates for abortion funding iss…
The Attitudes of State Legislators and State Medicaid Policies Related to Aids
As the Medicaid programs become increasingly important payers of AIDS‐related care, state governments will face difficult policy choices in allocating limited Medicaid resources among many competing health needs. The state legislatures will play a critical role in these allocation decisions. This research presents the results of an analysis of attitudes concerning Medicaid coverage of AIDS‐related care among state legislators serving on health‐re…
The Social Environment and Medicaid Expenditures
including a callfor greater state-level management. The state Medicaid programs, financed jointly with federal and state funds, were created in 1965 to provide health coverage to the poor. One of the largest domestic programs, combined federal and state expenditures for Medicaid coverage of health care services are projected to exceed $66 billion during 1991.1 During fiscal year 1988, Medicaid expenditures approached $49 billion while covering th…
The determinants of the choice between public and private production of a publicly funded service
Prenatal care effectiveness and utilization in Brazil
The impact of prenatal care use on birth outcomes has been understudied in South American countries. This study assessed the effects of various measures of prenatal care use on birth weight (BW) and gestational age outcomes using samples of infants born without and with common birth defects from Brazil, and evaluated the demand for prenatal care. Prenatal visits improved BW in the group without birth defects through increasing both fetal growth r…
An Economic Model of Voting Behaviour over Specific Issues at the Constitutional Convention of 1787
Despite hundreds of studies of the influence of economic interests on the formation of the U.S. Constitution, no consensus has been reached. Our study of the Constitutional Convention differs from previous ones by offering an explicit theoretical model of delegates' voting behavior and employing multivariate statistical techniques. We extend our earlier work by analyzing new information on constituents' economic interests and ideology. Further ou…
Economic Interests and the American Constitution
An important change in the structure of U.S. institutions occurred when the government under the Articles of Confederation was replaced by a new government under the Constitution. In 1913, Charles A. Beard proposed a view of the formation of the United States Constitution—an economic interpretation—that remains a much discussed yet unresolved explanation of the behavior and motives of the men who wrote the document. This paper provides the first …
Voting in the U.S. House on Abortion Funding Issues
A bstract . The Supreme Court's ruling in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services increased the political saliency of the abortion issue. Since pro‐choice and pro‐life groups within the constituencies of U.S. legislators paid closer attention to abortion‐related roll call votes after Webster, the legislators’ voting behavior on such issues might have changed as a result of the decision. Accordingly, voting model estimates for abortion funding iss…
Predicting State Abortion Legislation From U.S. Senate Votes
The recent Supreme Court decision in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services giving more discretion to states to regulate abortion has led to speculation concerning which states might move to limit abortions. Medoff (1989) attempts to predict how state legislatures might vote on state‐level abortion legislation by examining the 1983 Senate vote on the Hatch/Eagleton Amendment. We expand upon Medoff's analysis by incor‐ porating recent development…
The Attitudes of State Legislators and State Medicaid Policies Related to Aids
As the Medicaid programs become increasingly important payers of AIDS‐related care, state governments will face difficult policy choices in allocating limited Medicaid resources among many competing health needs. The state legislatures will play a critical role in these allocation decisions. This research presents the results of an analysis of attitudes concerning Medicaid coverage of AIDS‐related care among state legislators serving on health‐re…
An Interpersonal Continuity of Care Measure for Medicare Part B Claims Analyses
Researchers can measure interpersonal continuity of care using Medicare Part B claims. Replication of these findings and further construct validation, however, are needed prior to widespread adoption of this method
More on the choice between public and private production of a publicly funded service
The Effect of AMA Membership on Physicians' Earnings
This study explores earnings differences between physicians who are members of the American Medical Association and physicians who are not AMA members. Nonmembers earn, on average, about 22 percent less per hour of medical practice than members. An estimate of the earnings effect of AMA membership incorporating the simultaneous determination of earnings and membership suggests, however, that membership per se increases physicians' hourly practice…
Housing Price Inflation in Houston
Housing Price Inflation in Houston
Economic Interests and the American Constitution
An important change in the structure of U.S. institutions occurred when the government under the Articles of Confederation was replaced by a new government under the Constitution. In 1913, Charles A. Beard proposed a view of the formation of the United States Constitution—an economic interpretation—that remains a much discussed yet unresolved explanation of the behavior and motives of the men who wrote the document. This paper provides the first …
Estimating the Demand for Heterogeneous Goods
Uncompensated Medical Services Provided by Physicians and Hospitals
This article examines the magnitude of uncompensated medical services provided by physicians and hospitals in 1982 as well as variations in uncompensated care among different types of physicians and hospitals. The data, which are from surveys conducted by the American Medical Association and the American Hospital Association, indicate that both physicians and hospitals provide significant amounts of uncompensated medical care. Although the distri…
An Economic Model of Voting Behaviour over Specific Issues at the Constitutional Convention of 1787
Despite hundreds of studies of the influence of economic interests on the formation of the U.S. Constitution, no consensus has been reached. Our study of the Constitutional Convention differs from previous ones by offering an explicit theoretical model of delegates' voting behavior and employing multivariate statistical techniques. We extend our earlier work by analyzing new information on constituents' economic interests and ideology. Further ou…
Beliefs about Inequality
The determinants of the choice between public and private production of a publicly funded service
The Effect of AMA Membership on Physicians' Earnings
This study explores earnings differences between physicians who are members of the American Medical Association and physicians who are not AMA members. Nonmembers earn, on average, about 22 percent less per hour of medical practice than members. An estimate of the earnings effect of AMA membership incorporating the simultaneous determination of earnings and membership suggests, however, that membership per se increases physicians' hourly practice…
Predicting State Abortion Legislation From U.S. Senate Votes
The recent Supreme Court decision in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services giving more discretion to states to regulate abortion has led to speculation concerning which states might move to limit abortions. Medoff (1989) attempts to predict how state legislatures might vote on state‐level abortion legislation by examining the 1983 Senate vote on the Hatch/Eagleton Amendment. We expand upon Medoff's analysis by incor‐ porating recent development…
Calculating elasticities from structural parameters in implicit markets
More on the choice between public and private production of a publicly funded service
Physician Integration Strategies and Hospital Output
Physician integration strategies are attempts to bring physicians into hospital administration by giving them a role on the hospital board, employing them in administrative or clinical capacities, or expanding the administration issues dealt with by medical staff committees. This study used a production function model to examine whether such strategies affect hospital output, measured as case mix-adjusted discharges. The article hypothesizes that…
The Social Environment and Medicaid Expenditures
including a callfor greater state-level management. The state Medicaid programs, financed jointly with federal and state funds, were created in 1965 to provide health coverage to the poor. One of the largest domestic programs, combined federal and state expenditures for Medicaid coverage of health care services are projected to exceed $66 billion during 1991.1 During fiscal year 1988, Medicaid expenditures approached $49 billion while covering th…
The Attitudes of State Legislators and State Medicaid Policies Related to Aids
As the Medicaid programs become increasingly important payers of AIDS‐related care, state governments will face difficult policy choices in allocating limited Medicaid resources among many competing health needs. The state legislatures will play a critical role in these allocation decisions. This research presents the results of an analysis of attitudes concerning Medicaid coverage of AIDS‐related care among state legislators serving on health‐re…
Tobacco excise taxes and rates of smokeless tobacco use in the US
Correspondence to Dr Robert L Ohsfeldt, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2010, USA Abstract Objective To determine the association between state tobacco excise tax rates and the rate of smokeless tobacco use in the US. Design-A single cross-section of state level data for 1985 are used in a multi variate regression model controlling for ability to pay, educational attainment, consumer prefere…
Which States Will Restrict Abortions? Predictions from Votes in the House of Representatives
In response to the Supreme Court's rulings in Webster v. Reproductive Services and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, which increased the ability of states to restrict abortions, many state legislatures have reexamined their abortion policies. Several recent studies use a variety of methods to predict whether states will restrict abortion access. These studies have utilized congressional votes on abortion legislation, past …
The dependent tax exemption, abortion availability, and US fertility rates
Voting in the U.S. House on Abortion Funding Issues
A bstract . The Supreme Court's ruling in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services increased the political saliency of the abortion issue. Since pro‐choice and pro‐life groups within the constituencies of U.S. legislators paid closer attention to abortion‐related roll call votes after Webster, the legislators’ voting behavior on such issues might have changed as a result of the decision. Accordingly, voting model estimates for abortion funding iss…
Rural Emergency Medical Services
This study sought to describe the volume of use, mix of patients, origin and destination of runs, times and distances to care, and the volume of clinical services provided in a rural emergency medical services region. This study summarizes all 6,080 rural emergency ambulance trip reports filed from April through September 1991 from the 12 rural counties surrounding Augusta, GA. Rural ambulances are regularly used and are used extensively by elder…
State Regulation and Hospital Costs
The effects of various regulations on hospital costs are estimated using a two decade long panel data set which spans the initiation, and in some instances the repeal, of various forms of hospital regulation. The long panel fosters two improvements over previous research. First, as state hospital cost levels may affect states' incentive to regulate, fixed effect estimators alleviate omitted variable bias derived from the states' regulatory discre…
State abortion policy and infant health
Prior research suggests that the availability of abortion services may affect the proportion of observed births with poor outcomes (e.g., low birth weight). Recent Supreme Court decisions and changes in the composition of elected officials of state governments have increased the saliency of state discretion over abortion related policies. This paper presents results from a simulation model of the effects of hypothetical state laws prohibiting abo…
Simplifying the Assessment of Rural Emergency Medical Services Trauma Transport
OBJECTIVES The authors determine whether assessments of effects of rural emergency medical service (EMS) system characteristics on trauma outcomes (using patient-level data) are significantly biased if the Injury Severity Score (ISS) is not available. METHODS The data are from ambulance trip reports merged with the trauma registry data for the Georgia EMS region VI trauma center hospital, located in Augusta. All 294 trauma patients for the rural …
Simplifying the Assessment of Rural Emergency Medical Service Trauma Transport
OBJECTIVES: The authors determine whether assessments of effects of rural emergency medical services (EMS) system characteristics on trauma outcomes using patient-level data are biased significantly if the Injury Severity Score (ISS) is not available. METHODS: Data are taken from ambulance trip reports merged with the trauma registry data for the Georgia EMS region VI trauma center hospital, located in Augusta. All 294 trauma patients for the rur…
Beer Taxes, Workers' Compensation, and Industrial Injury
The apparent effects of beer taxes, workers' compensation rules, and other factors on reported rates of lost work-days due to injury are estimated. The data used are for injury rates for two-digit SIC industries at the state-level pooled over 1975–85. The results indicate that higher beer tax rates are associated with lower rates of injury lost work-days. More generous workers' compensation payments generally are associated with higher reported i…
The Effects of CON Repeal on Medicaid Nursing Home and Long-Term Care Expenditures
Certificate-of-need (CON) and construction moratorium laws are used widely by states as a potential mechanism for constraining Medicaid nursing home expenditures. However, there is only limited empirical work examining whether these policies are effective at lowering Medicaid spending. Using aggregate state-level data from 1981 through 1998, this study found that states that repealed their CON and moratorium laws had no significant growth in eith…
Medicine (22 obras) · Economics (19 obras) · Political science (17 obras) · Business (13 obras) · Healthcare Policy and Management (13 obras) · Law (11 obras) · Health care (10 obras) · Family medicine (9 obras) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (9 obras) · Law (9 obras)