Andrew C Billings
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 73235 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Andrew C Billings |
| PRENOMES | Andrew C |
| SOBRENOME | Billings |
| ASSINATURA | BILLINGS A C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Alabama |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4818-5799 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 137 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 531 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 135 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1970 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Changing Perceptions Through Paralympic Media
This study investigated how repeated exposure to Paralympic media content influences audiences’ attitudes and stigma toward people with physical disabilities (PWD). Drawing on parasocial interaction theory (PSI), the parasocial contact hypothesis (PCH), and cultivation theory, a multi-wave online time-series experiment was conducted with 156 U.S. participants. Results showed that repeated exposure improved attitudes toward PWD and reduced stigma …
What Sport Takes
Olympic Social Presence in Saudi Arabia
A total of 780 Saudi Olympic viewers were surveyed immediately following the 2024 Paris Summer Olympic Games to determine the degree to which Social TV use was prevalent within the population. This study situates Social TV within the Saudi Arabian sport media context, where mobile media, Olympic fandom, and national identity increasingly intersect during major international sporting events. While social presence predicted one’s likelihood to part…
Hegemony, Privilege, and Access
Communication and Sport in Times of Rapid Expansion
There is, Indeed, Much Ado About Sport-Based Social Media Research
Delegitimizing Tactics in Media Coverage of Trans Athlete Sport Bans
This study compares U.S. news coverage and social media conversations surrounding transgender youth sports bans in 2022 by analyzing 210 newspaper articles and 6405 Twitter (X) posts. This study investigates the reliance on delegitimizing language, the weaponization of scientific perspectives, and the relative invisibility of transgender voices in mediated debates about participation in youth sports. Findings show delegitimatizing language target…
Sports News and the Artificial-Intelligence-Generated Article
To better understand factors that influence news credibility and online sharing likelihood of artificial-intelligence (AI) -generated articles, a national survey of U.S. adults was conducted ( N = 355). Using a 3 (authorship) × 2 (byline) factorial design, participants were asked to evaluate the credibility of a sports-news article written by a human author or an AI-language model (ChatGPT or Google Gemini), with a byline indicating that the arti…
Navigating Gender Roles From the Sports Sidelines
Using gender schema theory as a primary theoretical framework, in-depth interviews were conducted with current and former female sideline reporters ( N = 17) to provide qualitative insights related to the expectations of their role in the sports-media ecosystem, perceptions about hierarchical gender structures in sports reporting, and the increasing importance of relationship building in the profession. The study determined that a female sideline…
Between Hype and Reality
Shifting Sports Gambling Terrain
Echoes and Evolutions
Sports Journalism as Both Practice and Industry
Formative Knowledge at the Youth and University Levels
Political protest on the Persian Twittersphere
During the 2022 FIFA World Cup, players on Iran's national team avoided singing the national anthem before their first match. This was interpreted as an expression of solidarity with the ongoing protests in Iran following the death of Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old Iranian woman arrested for opposing the country's mandatory hijab requirements. This study focuses on how regular users and government propaganda social media accounts sought to shape the …
The In-House Balance
The sports media landscape has shifted to favor outlets with inside access to sports organizations, teams, and athletes. This study interviews 21 NFL in-house reporters working at 19 official team websites to determine how they view their roles as sports journalists, including ethical standards and shifts in media boundaries. Qualitative interviews uncovered that cultivating a positive team image and protecting the interests of stakeholders super…
“Doing What’s Best for Me”
In October 2021, National Basketball Association player Kyrie Irving was banned from competing for the Brooklyn Nets because of his resistance to being vaccinated for COVID-19. Two months later, the Nets softened that stance and allowed Irving to participate in road games. This study examines two prongs of the social media response to Irving’s vaccination status. A total of 12,000 posts were collected from the U.S.-based Twitter (now known as X; …
The Dichotomy of Male Sports and Female Announcing
During a 2018 Amazon Prime simulcast alongside the Fox broadcast announced by Joe Buck and Troy Aikman, Hannah Storm and Andrea Kremer became the first all-female broadcast team for a National Football League game. Utilizing a national sample of 415 subjects, a four-cell post-test-only experimental design of the on-air commentary was utilized to examine perceptions of announcer credibility. Incorporating social identity theory, findings reveal wo…
Training Sports Communicators to Report Concussions Accurately and Responsibly
Concussions are an important issue facing the short- and long-term health of athletes. News media play an important role in shaping public perceptions of concussions. However, such coverage often provides inaccurate information, disinformation, and/or trivializes concussions. To address the problem, the Concussion Legacy Foundation (CLF) provides workshops to teach journalists to responsibly report about concussions during live and post-competiti…
Anti-Asian Media Labeling in the Covid-19 Pandemic
This study examines the roles of sports fan identity and political affiliation on the perceived accuracy of mediated information during a global pandemic, which adversely affected the sports world through national and international league stoppages and newly developed health and safety protocols. A 4 (news source) × 3 (pandemic term) experimental design was incorporated. 420 subjects read one of twelve factually accurate sports articles but with …
The State of Black Quarterback Media Depictions in the NFL
A total of 64 games (roughly 200 hours of broadcast game content) of the first 4 weeks of the 2023–2024 NFL season was analyzed. While the majority of taxonomical areas yielded no significant differences, four areas were notable deviations as (a) quarterbacks of color were more likely than White quarterbacks to have their successes attributed to running ability, (b) White quarterbacks were more likely than quarterbacks of color to have their fail…
Answering the Question on a ‘Racial Reckoning’
Monsters and the Sports They Play
Sports Issues for the Ages
Manuscript Data Points
Sportscasting and Sports Reporting
Comparison of the sportscasting on ESPN and CNN and sports reporting in The New York Times and USA Today revealed the very high degree of embedded favoritism toward men's sports and men athletes, even at times when major women's sporting events were peaking in newsworthiness. The quantity of gender bias was significantly greater on ESPN's SportsCenter than on CNN's Sports Tonight, perhaps because of the somewhat different audiences they target. I…
Gender Parity in the Olympics
Despite claims that the 1996 Summer Games in Atlanta were 'the Olympics of the Women,' analysis of the producing network's on-air discourse showed no significant gains in parity for women. Comparison of over 20,000 mentions of names, sports, and associated descriptors in successive Olympics (1994, 1996, 1998) revealed that the proportions of mentions of women and men athletes and women's and men's sports stayed at approximately the same imbalance…
The Art of Coming Out
On April 29, 2013, Jason Collins became the first male to come out as gay as an active member in a professional team sport. This study examines two prongs of the media response to the Collins announcement, analyzing 364 newspaper articles and 7,556 tweets covering the first week of coverage of Collins’ decision to make his sexual orientation public. Results showed an overwhelmingly positive yet bifurcated response between the two media platforms.…
From Pride to Smugness and the Nationalism Between
To measure relationships between Olympic media viewing and nation-based attitudes, 6 nations (Australia, Bulgaria, China, the Netherlands, Slovenia, and the United States) were surveyed in the 5 days immediately after the 2012 London Olympics. A total of 1,025 respondents answered questions pertaining to four measures of nationalism: patriotism, nationalism, internationalism, and smugness. The amount of Olympic viewing resulted in significantly h…
Man, That Was a Pretty Shot
Current research on sports broadcast commentary indicates that the commentary type employed to evaluate athletic performance by men and women is implicated through the language of gendered assumptions about the respective athlete and the respective sport. This study analyzed the broadcast commentary surrounding the 2000 Men's and Women's National Collegiate Athletic Association Final Four tournament games to assess the prevalence and degree to wh…
An Agenda That Sets the Frames
This study used theories of agenda setting and framing to examine NBC's Americanized telecast in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Five sports (gymnastics, diving, swimming, track and field, and beach volleyball) received more than 90% of the prime-time coverage, which set an agenda about which sports were most relevant for Americans to watch. The limited scope within NBC's televised agenda, in turn, facilitated the gendered framing of Olympians through…
Selective Representation of Gender, Ethnicity, and Nationality in American Television Coverage of the 2000 Summer Olympics
Past research of American Olympic telecasts has suggested that gender, ethnic, and national biases may hide within prime-time network telecasts. Analysis of host and reporter commentary in the 2000 Sydney Olympics confirmed that men athletes, Whites, and Americans continued to be the most-mentioned and most-positively portrayed in the television coverage, yielding more than their fair share of coverage. Analysis of gendered coverage showed that m…
Intersections of Fandom in the Age of Interactive Media
This study focuses on comparing the uses sought and gratifications obtained when consuming media related to eSports and traditional sports; in doing so, relevant areas of overlap and distinction are ascertained. In all, more than 1,300 American eSports participants were queried as to their interest in both eSports and traditional sports fan/followership. Results revealed that eSports participants sought out media for both eSports and traditional …
Differential Accounts of Race in Broadcast Commentary of the 2000 NCAA Men’s and Women’s Final Four Basketball Tournaments
A consistent finding in studies surrounding sports commentary on white and black athletes is that (a) white athletes are frequently praised for their perceived “intellect” and “leadership capacity,” while (b) black athletes are often praised for being “naturally talented” (Davis & Harris, 1998). A mediated conclusion that one could derive from such findings is that black athletes are expected to succeed athletically; conversely, white athletes ar…
Equity Achieved? A Longitudinal Examination of Biological Sex Representation in the NBC Olympic Telecast (2000–2018)
This report focuses on (a) how National Broadcasting Company’s (NBC) primetime Olympic telecasts have presented athletes competing as male and female, specifically in relation to the 2018 Pyeonchang Winter Olympic coverage and (b) how the Pyeongchang coverage fits into a longitudinal analysis of the past two decades of NBC’s coverage. Results show that women athletes received the majority of clock-time and name mentions during the 2018 coverage o…
Why We Watch, Why We Play
This study compares the tendencies and motivations of the traditional sport fan (who consumes sport to see if his or her favorite teams/players are victorious) and the relatively newer fantasy sport fan (who consumes with the added variable of wanting to see certain players do well in order to secure personal fantasy team victories). A total of 1,261 traditional and fantasy sport consumers were surveyed, with results indicating that fantasy sport…
When Women Fail to “Hold Up More Than Half the Sky”
Communist beliefs on gender equality and Chinese female athletes’ consistent ability to win national glory have lead to female athletes in Chinese sports media being primarily portrayed as legitimate athletes akin to levels of male athletes. This study examines such assumptions within Chinese Central Television’s (CCTV) 2016 Olympic telecast of gymnastics, a sport in which Chinese female athletes failed to attain national expectations, exploring …
May No Act of Ours Bring Shame”
This study examined the Penn State sex abuse scandal by applying traditional crisis communication strategies, usually invoked by an organization, to the online communication of the university’s active stakeholders, sports fans. Previous findings suggest sports fans will act on behalf of an organization during a crisis. Yet, the tweets of Penn State fans showed that they turned on the university and placed their loyalty with Coach Joe Paterno. Fur…
Sports Draped in the American Flag
A total of 525 U.S. respondents participated in a survey of nationalized attitudes surrounding four qualities (patriotism, nationalism, internationalism, and smugness) and their relationship to Olympic media consumption. Four data collection points were used: three months prior to the Sochi Games, immediately before the Opening Ceremonies, immediately after the Closing Ceremonies, and one month after the Sochi Games. Results indicated that the am…
Fragments of us, fragments of them
International sporting events often lead people to define protagonists and antagonists in the simplest of terms: the in-group is the home-nation team and the out-group is any other nation attempting to thwart the potential success of the home nation. This analysis involves the classification of 7498 comments rendered via the social media platform Twitter during the four 2014 FIFA World Cup matches involving the United States. Contrary to many oth…
Clocking Gender Differences
Analysis of all 348 prime-time hours of the 1996—2006 Olympic telecasts (three Summer, three Winter) pinpointed trends in coverage of men's and women's sports. Results indicate that while men athletes and events received the majority of clock time in all six Olympic telecasts, the Summer Olympic telecasts treated women far more equitably than the Winter Olympic telecast. The longitudinal study does not offer any reason to feel that coverage of wo…
Portraying the United States vs Portraying a Champion
Two key factors often influence the shaping of broadcast commentary: (a) if one of the teams portrayed is considered the sportscasters' 'home' team and (b) if one of the teams is viewed to be the superior or 'superstar' team. This analysis compares and contrasts these two factors by analyzing sportscaster portrayals of the United States 2002 World Cup team ('home' team) and the Brazilian 2002 World Cup team (champion/'superstar' team). Analysis o…
Voices of the Gatekeepers
This study aims to explore the content production at the Olympic Channel through a lens of gender. The eleven interviews with the Olympic Channel professionals suggest that (a) sports media professionals claimed considerable agency, with individual personality and perspectives heavily influencing their journalism practice; (b) regarding content selection, the Olympic Channel seeks to strike a balance between Olympic values and commercial pursuits…
Untangling International Sport Social Media Use
This study of 409 sports fans from the United States and China contrasts uses sought and gratifications obtained within four different social media platforms: Facebook and Twitter (in the United States) and WeChat and Weibo (in China). Results indicated that each of the platforms function in starkly contrasting manners. In the United States, Facebook scored higher than Twitter on every motivational measure; in China, WeChat was found to be better…
Two Sides of the Chinese Sports Media Story
This study content analyzed news coverage of two state-owned and two commercially sponsored Chinese sports websites over a 14-day period, focusing on issues of nationality and biological sex. Examining 3,417 news stories and 2,327 news images, this study found that the online sports coverage on state and commercial media can be largely divergent, with the former prioritizing party-state ideology and the latter pursuing commercial profits. Compare…
Diverging Discourses
Previous analyses of sports telecasts found disparities between the ways male and female athletes were portrayed by on-air commentators, but no previous analysis has examined gender differences within professional golf telecasts. Examination of 34,881 descriptors within 243.5 hours of televised PGA and LPGA golf located 2 dozen critical differences in the ways male and female golfers were portrayed. Most crucially, women were more likely than men…
In Search of Women Athletes
In the final year of the 20th century, television's ESPN network conducted a survey that determined the 100 greatest athletes of the 1900s. Although any list can be critiqued for accuracy and fairness, noticeably absent were women athletes, who constituted just 8% of the list. Because ESPN's list shades the way future generations will characterize the 20th century, criticism of ESPN's list is of importance to sports scholars, historians, sports f…
We All Go Through It”
Mental illness remains stigmatized in the United States and abroad, with the mass media often blamed for perpetuating stereotypes about people who experience mental health issues. 2018 witnessed two professional basketball players—star athletes DeMar DeRozan and Kevin Love—disclosing personal experiences with depression and anxiety. Informed by social cognitive and framing theories, the present study examined how news stories characterized the di…
Gender differences through the lens of Rio
This study explored gender differences within the Australian primetime broadcast of the 2016 Rio Summer Olympic Games. Forty-five broadcast hours from the Seven Network were examined regarding clock-time, name mentions, and descriptions divided by biological sex, finding that the Seven Network devoted nearly equal clock-time to male and female athletes, yet 14 of the top 20 most mentioned athletes (70%) were men. In terms of word-by-word descript…
The Thin Line Between Masculinity and Skate
An empirical analysis was conducted focusing on how the United States-based NBC and the Canada-based CBC portrayed male figure skaters in comparison with their male Winter Olympic counterparts on the networks’ primetime 2014 Olympic broadcasts. Using 100% of all primetime broadcast content as a universe of investigation, NBC’s and the CBC’s commentary about male figure skaters was compared with the aggregate of all other male Winter Olympians in …
Time-shifting vs. appointment viewing
The current study employed a national sample in order to investigate the phenomenon of fear-of-missing-out (FoMO), the apprehension associated with the fear that other people are having a pleasurable experience that one is not a part of. The current study investigated the role that FoMO plays in TV viewing habits, particularly binge-watching and the consumption of one-time megaevents. Results indicated that FoMO predicts the pace at which people …
The impact of a community screening program on psychiatric hospital admissions
A rural CMHC screening program significantly reduced admission rates to a state hospital compared with hospital-based screening. Personnel from CMHCs in three counties evaluated each potential admission to the hospital to evaluate their need for hospitalization. Hospital staff screened admissions from the remaining counties of the state. Both community and hospital screening resulted in significant reductions in admissions with community screenin…
Marketing the Olympics within the Olympics
On-air promotion is a key tool for gaining audiences and networks spend millions of dollars each year to promote upcoming programs. Prior to the 1996 Summer Olympics, NBC conducted extensive research to determine a programming and promotional strategy that would yield the highest ratings. Research results indicated which sports should get extended television coverage and which should be promoted on-air during their 17 prime-time broadcasts. The s…
Atlanta Revisited
Previous studies of on-air promotion have produced conflicting results, ranging from findings of high effectiveness for promos in comedies to nearly total ineffectiveness for promos in sporting events. Using videotape of the 1996 Summer Olympics, this study analyzed 183 on-air promos for prime-time shows carried within prime-time coverage of the Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia. Along with the impact of lead-ins, results demonstrated that promos…
Gender Parity in the Olympics
Despite claims that the 1996 Summer Games in Atlanta were 'the Olympics of the Women,' analysis of the producing network's on-air discourse showed no significant gains in parity for women. Comparison of over 20,000 mentions of names, sports, and associated descriptors in successive Olympics (1994, 1996, 1998) revealed that the proportions of mentions of women and men athletes and women's and men's sports stayed at approximately the same imbalance…
In Search of Women Athletes
In the final year of the 20th century, television's ESPN network conducted a survey that determined the 100 greatest athletes of the 1900s. Although any list can be critiqued for accuracy and fairness, noticeably absent were women athletes, who constituted just 8% of the list. Because ESPN's list shades the way future generations will characterize the 20th century, criticism of ESPN's list is of importance to sports scholars, historians, sports f…
Sportscasting and Sports Reporting
Comparison of the sportscasting on ESPN and CNN and sports reporting in The New York Times and USA Today revealed the very high degree of embedded favoritism toward men's sports and men athletes, even at times when major women's sporting events were peaking in newsworthiness. The quantity of gender bias was significantly greater on ESPN's SportsCenter than on CNN's Sports Tonight, perhaps because of the somewhat different audiences they target. I…
Man, That Was a Pretty Shot
Current research on sports broadcast commentary indicates that the commentary type employed to evaluate athletic performance by men and women is implicated through the language of gendered assumptions about the respective athlete and the respective sport. This study analyzed the broadcast commentary surrounding the 2000 Men's and Women's National Collegiate Athletic Association Final Four tournament games to assess the prevalence and degree to wh…
Selective Representation of Gender, Ethnicity, and Nationality in American Television Coverage of the 2000 Summer Olympics
Past research of American Olympic telecasts has suggested that gender, ethnic, and national biases may hide within prime-time network telecasts. Analysis of host and reporter commentary in the 2000 Sydney Olympics confirmed that men athletes, Whites, and Americans continued to be the most-mentioned and most-positively portrayed in the television coverage, yielding more than their fair share of coverage. Analysis of gendered coverage showed that m…
Differential Accounts of Race in Broadcast Commentary of the 2000 NCAA Men’s and Women’s Final Four Basketball Tournaments
A consistent finding in studies surrounding sports commentary on white and black athletes is that (a) white athletes are frequently praised for their perceived “intellect” and “leadership capacity,” while (b) black athletes are often praised for being “naturally talented” (Davis & Harris, 1998). A mediated conclusion that one could derive from such findings is that black athletes are expected to succeed athletically; conversely, white athletes ar…
Framing Identities
Analysis of 53 prime-time hours of host and reporter commentary in the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics located the degree and types of gender, ethnic, and national biases hidden within the prime-time network telecasts. Not surprisingly, most of the clock time went to men, most of the top 20 most mentioned athletes were men, and most of the athlete mentions and descriptors were devoted to men. Ethnic findings showed that four fifths of all athletes m…
Assessing Language Attitudes
The prelims comprise: Introduction Empirical Origins Subsequent Empirical Explosion of Research Speaker Evaluation and Person Perception Epilogue
Promotion’s Limited Impact in the 2000 Sydney Olympics
Lower-than-expected ratings made the 2000 Sydney Olympics an unusual promotional platform and led the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) to alter its on-air plans for marketing its fall 2000 prime-time schedule while the event was proceeding. This study assessed the impact of the prime-time promos carried in the 2000 Games on post-Olympics program ratings. A comparison of before-and-after difference scores for each promoted program showed that o…
Portraying the United States vs Portraying a Champion
Two key factors often influence the shaping of broadcast commentary: (a) if one of the teams portrayed is considered the sportscasters' 'home' team and (b) if one of the teams is viewed to be the superior or 'superstar' team. This analysis compares and contrasts these two factors by analyzing sportscaster portrayals of the United States 2002 World Cup team ('home' team) and the Brazilian 2002 World Cup team (champion/'superstar' team). Analysis o…
Beyond the Ebonics Debate
This study of 261 Black and White participants determined how standard American English and Black English were perceived on 20 credibility measures. Results indicated that although standard American English was preferred by all participants on several key measures (including all measures of competence), speaker dialect did not alter perceived trustworthiness and likability. On measures of social distance, dialect played a secondary role to the ra…
Diverging Discourses
Previous analyses of sports telecasts found disparities between the ways male and female athletes were portrayed by on-air commentators, but no previous analysis has examined gender differences within professional golf telecasts. Examination of 34,881 descriptors within 243.5 hours of televised PGA and LPGA golf located 2 dozen critical differences in the ways male and female golfers were portrayed. Most crucially, women were more likely than men…
Just One of the Guys
Packaging the Games for Viewer Consumption
Analysis of 70 prime-time hours of host and reporter commentary in NBC's 2004 Athens Summer Olympic telecast located the degree and forms of gender, ethnic, and national biases hidden within the prime-time network telecasts. Gendered results indicate that male athletes were more likely to be depicted as courageous, lucky, and introverted, and received the majority of the clock-time and athlete mentions. Ethnic analyses revealed that more than two…
Olympic media
Olympic Media
Located in the United States, NBC (National Broadcasting Company) is the biggest and most powerful Olympic network in the world, having won the rights to televise both the Summer and the Winter Olympic Games. By way of attracting more viewers of both sexes and all ages and ethnicities than any other sporting event, and through the production of breathtaking spectacles and absorbing stories, NBC’s Olympic telecasts have huge power and potential to…
Clocking Gender Differences
Analysis of all 348 prime-time hours of the 1996—2006 Olympic telecasts (three Summer, three Winter) pinpointed trends in coverage of men's and women's sports. Results indicate that while men athletes and events received the majority of clock time in all six Olympic telecasts, the Summer Olympic telecasts treated women far more equitably than the Winter Olympic telecast. The longitudinal study does not offer any reason to feel that coverage of wo…
The Temporal Nature of Racialized Sport Consumption
An interdisciplinary body of sport research contends that mediated portrayals of athletic conduct are contingent upon the race/ethnic identity of a respective athlete. While prior research has considered how such racialized dynamics become organized, this study extends the research by considering the degree to which temporal dynamics contribute to the consumption of racialized sport. Content analysis of 2,367 lines of commentary talk, enacted amo…
An Agenda That Sets the Frames
This study used theories of agenda setting and framing to examine NBC's Americanized telecast in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Five sports (gymnastics, diving, swimming, track and field, and beach volleyball) received more than 90% of the prime-time coverage, which set an agenda about which sports were most relevant for Americans to watch. The limited scope within NBC's televised agenda, in turn, facilitated the gendered framing of Olympians through…
Sports Media
"Looking toward a future with increasingly hybridized media offerings, Sports Media: Transformation, Integration, Consumption examines sports media scholarship and its role in facilitating understanding of the increasingly complex world of sports media. Acknowledging that consumer demand for sports media content has influenced nearly every major technology innovation of the past several decades, chapters included herein assess existing scholarshi…
The Fantasy Sport Industry
Fantasy sport has become big business. Recent estimates suggest that there as many as 33 million fantasy sport participants in the US alone, spending $3bn annually, with many millions more around the world. This is the first in-depth study of fantasy sport as a cultural and social phenomenon and a significant and growing component of the contemporary sports economy. This book presents an overview of the history of fantasy sport and its close conn…
Sports, Gender, and Society (100 obras) · Political science (80 obras) · Sociology (80 obras) · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts (79 obras) · Psychology (75 obras) · Advertising (72 obras) · Business (55 obras) · Law (48 obras) · Media studies (43 obras) · Social Psychology (36 obras)