Xuesong Gao
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 741348 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Xuesong Gao |
| PRENOMES | Xuesong |
| SOBRENOME | Gao |
| ASSINATURA | GAO X |
| AFILIAÇÕES | UNSW Sydney |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3426-8721 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 133 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 512 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 131 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2006 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
Heritage language, identity, and belonging in contexts of forced migration
Integrating Social Network and Reflexive Thematic Analysis in Educational Research
Social network analysis is widely used to explore the relationships between entities in education to understand how these relationships shape interaction and development. However, established analytical methods stress the processing of quantitative data and provide inadequate guidance regarding the analysis of qualitative data collected through interviews. This article illustrates the integration of quantitative and qualitative analyses by (1) em…
Naming Research Participants in Qualitative Language Learning Research
This review article examines how researchers name their study participants and how these naming practices reflect their application of the ethical principles of anonymity and confidentiality in qualitative research on language learners. To identify the variety of naming practices in use, we reviewed 181 journal articles that reported on qualitative research on language learners in the context of higher education. Our review identified the use of …
The skills, knowledge, and attributes of the supervising teacher in initial teacher education
School placements are an integral component of a pre-service teacher’s experience, and the supervising teacher is potentially the first point of crossing from theory to practice. These important partners help pre-service teachers to navigate between their university study and career context. This paper presents a scoping review that reports on skills, knowledge, and attributes of supervising teachers. The review also outlines what is currently kn…
Integration in Qualitatively Oriented Mixed Methods Data Analysis
This paper focuses on integration in the data analysis of a qualitatively oriented mixed methods study, illustrating this process through a worked example of interactions with social actors shaping a TESOL graduate's professional experiences. The paper outlines our analysis of visual and textual data from interviews that employed an embedded social network data elicitation tool. We developed and integrated layered descriptions and interpretations…
Learner and Teacher Agency
Agency has emerged as a key topic in language learning and teaching research with significant implications for language learners' L2 development and teachers' professional growth. To delineate the contribution of TESOL Quarterly (TQ) to L2 learner and teacher agency research, we examine 27 articles published in the journal between 1997 and 2024. Based on a systematic review of these articles, we elaborate on the developmental patterns of the conc…
Paternal and maternal roles in children’s multilingual development trajectories among urban Chinese families
This longitudinal study employs Realist Social Theory to explore how highly educated urban Chinese parents negotiate maternal and paternal roles in family language-related decisions for their children’s multilingual development. Data were gathered through ethnographic interviews, observations and archival reconstructions with four families whose children transitioned from local educational pathways to international secondary schools. The study tr…
Advocating theoretical plurality and methodological flexibility toward humanistic synergy in SLA/T research
Lantolf et al.’s critique of the 2025 special issue on Synergies in Second Language Acquisition and Teaching (SLA/T) raises critical questions that strike at the core of our professional commitment. We are weary, however, of dichotomic ruptures, such as cognitive/neuroscience versus humanistic and research versus practice, and unsure of the feasibility of separating cognitive/neuroscience processes from humanistic learning, as the two occur withi…
Conceptualisation of culture and research methods in studies of language teaching materials
Urban regional divides in Taiwanese teachers’ interpretation and implementation of Bilingual 2030 policy
This paper examines how teachers from urban and regional areas differ in their interpretation and implementation of Taiwan’s Bilingual 2030 policy. We collected and analysed interview data from 15 teachers to identify the reasons behind this divergence between urban and regional educators. The findings indicate that teachers in regional schools feel compelled to adopt a monolingual English-language approach to boost school enrolment when implemen…
Subjectification and Chronotopes in Early‐Career Tesol Teachers' Professional Development in Japan
This study presents case studies of three early‐career secondary TESOL teachers in Japan, focusing on their professional development experiences. Their narratives were collected in two phases: (1) reflective reports submitted by the teachers during the fourth year of their teacher training, which included reflections on their previous L2 learning experiences, influential teachers, and insights from their practicum experiences and (2) a focus‐grou…
Teachers’ job engagement
This study examines the associations of teachers’ personal and job resources (occupational commitment, self-efficacy, collective efficacy, resilience & adaptability) to job engagement. To determine the relationships between constructs, we surveyed 170 Australian teachers during a period of disruption—COVID-19 pandemic. The Job Demands-Resource (JD-R) model provided a theoretical lens for examining teachers’ job-related characteristics (job demand…
Motivations of Novice and Experienced Female Chinese Applied Linguistics Researchers to Participate in Peer Reviews
This article reports on an exploratory inquiry into the experiences of novice and experienced female Chinese applied linguistics researchers in their roles as peer reviewers. Using an ecological perspective to situate self‐determination theory, we interpret participants' accounts of reviewing, gathered through semi‐structured interviews, in this inquiry. The analysis suggests that the mesosystem (i.e., institution) has the most noticeable impact …
“I Am Excessively Pressed by Classroom Tasks”
Online education may induce different negative emotions and emotional reactions in language learners. One such reaction emerging from emotional experiences in online contexts is academic disengagement, which has been limitedly examined in L2 research. To fill this lacuna, this study has been done to probe into the sources and solutions of student disengagement in online L2 classes from the perspective of Chinese and Iranian students. To accomplis…
Forging common ground in second language acquisition and teaching
In this final article in this guest‐edited issue on synergies in second language acquisition and teaching (SLA/T), we attempt to bring together the main content of this issue in an overall, combined synergy statement, concluding this project as a whole. Let us remind readers of the project: A shared effort by 17 scholars taking 11 different perspectives on SLA/T is not the norm in our field. Our aim has been to promote the intermingling and cross…
Praxeology, humanism, equity, and mixed methods
In this article, we present our vision of a transformed second language acquisition and teaching (SLA/T) disciplinary community that approaches second language (L2) education through four pillars. The first pillar is praxeology (i.e., the study of human action) to highlight the sociocontextually emergent nature of L2 competence. It locates the emergence of L2 grammar and interactional competence in humans acting conjointly with others with and th…
Teaching and learning chinese as a heritage language (CHL)
Research on Chinese heritage language (CHL) education has flourished in recent decades, driven by the increasing presence of CHL learners in schools worldwide, especially in multiethnic and multilingual contexts such as the USA, Canada, and Australia. This article presents the findings of a systematic review of 53 empirical studies on CHL education indexed in the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and published from 2008 to 2023. The study reve…
Soil carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation, nitrogen pollution and agro-food supply
Model-based scenarios are essential for assessing the potential of agricultural management strategies to achieve sustainable development goals. However, to date, knowledge of the trade-offs and synergies between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nitrogen (N) reduction, carbon sequestration, and food provisioning under different agricultural practices remains limited, with most studies focusing on global and national scales. The present study imp…
The emotions of language teachers
In the past decade, there has been increasing scholarly interest in language teachers’ emotional experiences, how they regulate and manage their emotions, and how their experiences and emotion-related practices are related to their cognition, practice, well-being, and professional development. A systematic and critical review is needed to help language teaching professionals to benefit from the insights generated by these studies. This review aim…
Teachers' engagement and occupational commitment in a centralised education system
This study examined the relationship between teachers’ personal and collective resources and their occupational commitment and engagement in a centralised system. Guided by the Job Demands-Resources theory, we distributed an online survey through our networks. Structural equation modelling using responses from 779 Filipino teachers revealed that collective efficacy was positively linked to personal resources, while adaptability was associated wit…
The nexus of research and practice in and for language teacher education
How does language learning contribute to individual growth in a multilingual world? A systematic review
Racialised identities of multilingual teachers
In a context of increasing deficit discourses about multiculturalism and multilingualism, this study examined the racialised identities of multilingual Indonesian teachers in secondary schools in New SouthWales (NSW), Australia. Informed by the Douglas Fir Group Framework(2016), the study unpacked teachers' socio-cultural, and linguistic trajectories in schools to understand the ways in which they navigate, negotiate, and resist their racialised …
Multilingual identity shifts among language learners with experience of studying abroad in Germany
Study abroad (SA) experiences significantly influence language learners' multilingual development. Current research primarily examines the linguistic and cultural development of language learners in SA contexts. However, there is a need for further research to investigate the multilingual identity shifts that occur at the intersection of linguistic and personal growth, which are discursively and ideologically constructed. This study uses language…
Language Teachers' Developmental Trajectories as Materials Developers
Language teachers are increasingly expected to develop teaching materials in many contexts. This trend necessitates greater understanding of how language teachers develop their professional practices as materials developers. Applying an ecological perspective in combination with Wenger's theory of Communities of Practice, the present study examines the developmental trajectories of language teachers participating in a materials development commun…
Teacher agency and identity commitment in curricular reform
Multilingualism and policy making in Greater China
Heavy mountains’ for Chinese humanities and social science academics in the quest for world-class universities
This paper explores the impacts of research excellence evaluation entailed in global ranking exercises, a control strategy characteristic of new managerialism, on Chinese Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) academics. The enquiry combines the Critical Incidents Technique (CIT) and internet-based discourse analysis, drawing on mass media texts and social media discussions. Our analysis identified three major dilemmas that may be created for Chine…
Understanding rural housing abandonment in China's rapid urbanization
Teachers’ professional vulnerability and cultural tradition
Cultural adaptation challenges and strategies during study abroad
The rising popularity of the Chinese language as a subject for study has motivated research on international students’ cultural adaptation and language learning during periods of study abroad in China. This inquiry examined the challenges that a group of New Zealand students encountered and the strategic responses they adopted in relation to cultural adaptation in China. In the inquiry, we encouraged 15 participants to write reflective journals a…
Understanding changes in Chinese students’ uses of learning strategies in China and Britain
Controversies of bilingual education in China
In this opening commentary we highlight the tension surrounding the emergence and development of bilingual education programs in mainland China, which has attracted much attention in research. Scholars have contradictory views about efforts aimed at promoting and sustaining bilingualism/multilingualism through education in different parts of China. To contribute to this ongoing discussion, this special issue contains the collective efforts of sch…
An ecological approach to family language policy research
This paper reports on a study that used an ecological approach to explore family language policy and practice among Miao families in China. In the study, we surveyed 900 Miao families and interviewed 20 parents with regard to their language practices, ideologies, and management efforts, to identify what mediated their family language policy decisions. The analysis of the data revealed a noticeable decline in the use of the Miao language across di…
Multilingualism and higher education in Greater China
There have been widespread concerns over the decline of modern languages and waning interest in learning languages other than English (LOTEs) around the world, thought to be partly due to recent political events including Brexit and Trump’s aggressive isolationism in the United States. By contrast, governments in Greater China have energetically renewed their investment in promoting LOTE education, driven by globalisation initiatives such as Main…
Research on learning and teaching of languages other than English in System
In this review of System's scholarship on the learning and teaching of languages other than English (LOTEs), we focus on 12 articles on language pedagogy and language learners, selected from a total of 208 relevant articles published in the journal (until 2020). The review affirms the journal's commitment to the dissemination of scholarship for language teachers to address ‘all languages’. It identifies the evolving research trajectory targeting …
Experiencing Chinese education
In this editorial introduction we present what motivated us to organise this collection of studies on international students in the Chinese context. As a follow-up to the 2006 special issue entitled ‘The Chinese Learner in Higher Education’ in this journal, this collection of studies problematise the domination of studies on international students in English medium universities, and extends our understanding of cross-border students’ experiences …
Cantonese is not a dialect’
This article reports on an inquiry into Chinese netizens’ online discussions related to the ‘Protecting Cantonese Movement’ in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, on the Chinese mainland. It interprets the ideological discourses used by Chinese netizens in online discussions to protect the status of Cantonese, a regional variety of the Chinese language. These netizens were found to have drawn on the international prestige and traditional heritage of C…
Family language policy and planning in China
In this editorial introduction, we present what motivated us to organise this collection of studies on family language policy and planning (FLPP) in the Chinese contexts. In order to better understand why ethnic minority languages and fangyans (also known as dialects or regionalects) are challenged by the official Chinese language, Putonghua, the introduction situates this group of studies in the disciplinary context, and proposes the family as a…
Home away from home’
This longitudinal study draws on family language policy (FLP) research to examine a group of Chinese parents’ ideological beliefs, practices, and management efforts related to their children’s learning of multiple languages, including Chinese, English, and Spanish in an international boarding school in China. Based on data analysis, including interviews, parents’ recorded learning journals, and follow-up observations and discussions, the study re…
Language teachers’ identity in teaching intercultural communicative competence
This paper reports on our inquiry into how language teachers’ identities relate to their efforts to teach intercultural communicative competence. In the study, we collected data through in-depth interviews with and observations of 16 Chinese language teachers in Hong Kong’s international schools. The analysis revealed that the participants simultaneously embraced multiple professional and sociocultural identities related to intercultural communic…
Motivations of Chinese Learners of Japanese in Mainland China
This article reports on the motivations of Chinese learners to learn Japanese in light of increasing diplomatic tensions between China and Japan over the last three decades. In the study, 35 Chinese learners of Japanese were selected, according to the time they began learning, to examine their motivations to learn Japanese as mediated by shifting sociopolitical conditions. Most began learning the language without enthusiasm, but became motivated …
The ideological framing of ‘dialect’
This paper reports on a study that analysed the ideological framing of ‘Chinese dialects’ or ‘regional Chinese varieties’ in the mainland China's state print media reports of ‘dialect crisis’ and the associated efforts to sustain the use of these ‘dialects’ from 2002 to 2012. The analysis revealed that regional Chinese varieties were portrayed as essential to enriching individual citizens' cultural experiences and maintaining cultural diversity. …
Shifting motivational discourses among mainland Chinese students in an English medium tertiary institution in Hong Kong
This article draws on a longitudinal study of a group of mainland Chinese students’ English learning experiences in an English medium university in Hong Kong, and explores the dynamic nature of their language learning motivation prior to and after their arrival in Hong Kong. The study identified context‐mediated and self‐determined elements in the participants’ learning motivational discourses. The context‐mediated motivational discourses echoed …
Teacher emotions and agency enactment in online teaching
This semester-long study examines teachers' responses to online teaching with a focus on the interplay between teacher emotions and agency enactment in a Chinese university. Analysis of the data from three-round interviews with 12 teachers revealed highly complex emotional trajectories, which were dominated by outcome emotions and characterised by the co-existence of positive and negative emotions. The multiple facets of teacher emotions (i.e., v…
Multilingualism and language teacher education
Language teachers’ engagement with ideological representations as materials designers
Language teachers are increasingly expected to design teaching materials that reflect locally appropriate cultural values in different contexts. In response to the call for language teachers to engage with ideological representations as materials designers, this paper draws on an ecological perspective to investigate how language teachers engage with ideological representations during the design and development of teaching materials in Chinese un…
Teaching and learning languages online
The outbreak of COVID-19 generated an unprecedented global push towards remote online language teaching and learning. In most contexts, language teachers and learners underwent a rapid switch to online instruction with limited resources and preparation. Their experiences demonstrate resilience, perseverance, and creativity under highly challenging conditions. This collection of studies examines the challenges that language teachers and learners h…
Language, culture and curriculum
We start this coda with a discussion of the impact of the pandemic on higher education in our contexts. We then highlight the focus of this special issue, namely international students’ language learning and intercultural encounters in Chinese universities. Reflecting on the relevant findings reported in this collection of studies, we relate individual studies to the critical issues of language, culture and curriculum, which underpin the core of …
Problematising recent developments in non-English foreign language education in Chinese universities
In light of China’s ‘Belt and Road’ initiative, many mainland Chinese universities have been promoting non-English foreign language degree programs at the undergraduate level. This study examines the growth of these non-English foreign language programs by collecting and analysing a variety of data on curriculum design, teachers and learners through online and archive research. The results from the analysis problematise the development of non-Eng…
Understanding changes in Chinese students’ uses of learning strategies in China and Britain
Has Language Learning Strategy Research Come to an End? A response to Tseng et al. (2006)
Tseng et al. (2006) critically examine language learning strategy (LLS) research and propose to assess language learners' strategic learning in terms of their self-regulatory capacity. In this response, I discuss whether the proposed advance of self-regulation means the marginalization of LLS research. While recognizing the merits of the proposal, I argue that the proposal needs to consider other competing constructs with similar connotations in …
Teachers’ professional vulnerability and cultural tradition
A tale of Blue Rain Café
‘Forget Chinese – let's think only in English!’ Chinese Netizens Debating the Best Ways to Learn English in China
English Language Education in China
This paper reviews the research output on English language education in China published in 24 international journals from 2001 to 2006 and delineates the nature of this corpus of research. The review covers research in the following areas: the linguistic situations and culture of learning in China in relation to English language education, language policy and planning, developments in English curricula and teaching methodologies and the impact of…
You Had to Work Hard 'Cause You Didn't Know Whether You Were Going to Wear Shoes or Straw Sandals
This article reports on an interpretative inquiry into 14 tertiary vocational students' educational experiences on the Chinese mainland with a focus on their strategy use in learning English. Using sociocultural theory, the inquiry reveals the profound impact that the learning context had on the research participants' strategy use. The data reveal that the participants' exam-oriented learning strategies were at the core of their efforts to pursue…
Shifting motivational discourses among mainland Chinese students in an English medium tertiary institution in Hong Kong
This article draws on a longitudinal study of a group of mainland Chinese students’ English learning experiences in an English medium university in Hong Kong, and explores the dynamic nature of their language learning motivation prior to and after their arrival in Hong Kong. The study identified context‐mediated and self‐determined elements in the participants’ learning motivational discourses. The context‐mediated motivational discourses echoed …
‘Learning Study’ for Primary School English Teachers
English teachers worldwide find themselves in need of upgrading their professional knowledge and developing their professional competence as a result of ongoing educational reforms and a belief in
Strategic Language Learning
This monograph reports on a longitudinal inquiry into mainland Chinese undergraduates’ language learning experiences in an English medium university in a multilingual setting with a focus on their strategic language learning efforts. This book examines the issue as to what extent language learners’ strategic learning efforts depend on their ‘choice’, if ‘the element of choice’ is the defining characteristic of language learners’ strategic learnin…
Autonomous language learning against all odds
To Be or Not To Be “Part of Them”
This article reports on a longitudinal inquiry into mainland Chinese students' language learning experiences with a focus on their efforts to improve their English competence in a leading English medium University in Hong Kong. The inquiry problematizes an uncritical assumption of a shared pursuit of linguistic competence among different students in an English medium university. Using individual participants' narratives, the article illustrates h…
Identity, Motivation and Autonomy in Language Learning
In this volume researchers from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North America, and South America employ a variety of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches in order to investigate the links between identity, motivation, and autonomy in language learning.
The Religion of Learning English in English
This essay is my reading of English, a novel based on author Wang Gang’s experiences in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Northwest China during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). As a language educator, I was particularly interested in the way that Wang describes learning English in the novel. The essay focuses on three aspects of learning English in the novel: the representation of learning English as a spiritual experience, the appe…
Vocabulary learning and teaching beliefs of pre-service and in-service teachers in Hong Kong and mainland China
Language learners and teachers' cognition in respect of learning and teaching plays a critical role in mediating their actual behaviour and decisions in the process. This study investigates the vocabulary learning and teaching beliefs held by pre-service and in-service teachers in Hong Kong and on the Chinese mainland so that teacher education programmes can better equip teachers with appropriate knowledge concerning the vital task of vocabulary …
The ‘falling’ language standards and teachers’ professional vulnerability in Hong Kong
There has been a widespread belief that teachers in Asian contexts including Japan and China are well protected by a tradition that reveres teachers. However, in Chinese contexts, cultural traditions have been found to undermine the teaching profession, together with educational reforms and societal changes. This paper reports on an inquiry that explored the social censure of teachers, especially language teachers in Hong Kong. The inquiry took a…
Language learner autonomy
Language learner autonomy: policy, curriculum, classroom, edited by Breffni O'Rourke and Lorna Carson, Bern, Frankfurt, New York, Peter Lang, 2010, xxvi+413 pp., SFr 83.00/€53.30/US$82.95 (paperbac
The Study of English in China as a patriotic enterprise
Drawing on research on China's path to individualization, this paper deconstructs a nationally renowned Chinese individual's construction of his success in learning English in China. By deconstructing his success, this paper illustrates how he skilfully integrates traditional cultural discourses into his messages, calling upon individual Chinese to invest effort into learning English. The deconstruction helps reveal that this successful learner h…
Parental strategies in supporting Chinese children’s learning of English vocabulary
This paper reports on parental involvement as experienced by a group of elite secondary school pupils in learning English vocabulary on the Chinese mainland. It highlights the variety of strategies that Chinese parents adopted to support, sustain and enhance these pupils’ efforts to learn English vocabulary. They functioned as critical agents regulating and controlling their children’s learning process and provided social opportunities for them t…
Cantonese is not a dialect’
This article reports on an inquiry into Chinese netizens’ online discussions related to the ‘Protecting Cantonese Movement’ in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, on the Chinese mainland. It interprets the ideological discourses used by Chinese netizens in online discussions to protect the status of Cantonese, a regional variety of the Chinese language. These netizens were found to have drawn on the international prestige and traditional heritage of C…
Shifting Constructions of Role Models for English Learners in China
This essay draws attention to the shifting constructions of nationally famous role models for English learners. It examines how three individuals rose to national prominence because of their association with the craze for learning English in China in the last three decades. This essay compares the constructed images of these individuals and interprets the differences in them with reference to Chinese society's individualisation process. The diffe…
Empirical studies on foreign language learning and teaching in China (2008–2011)
In this review, we highlight 60 articles from 1,120 empirical studies in leading language learning and teaching journals published on the Chinese mainland during the years 2008–2011. In preparing the review, we have found Chinese researchers addressing a wide range of topics including language learners’ cognitive processes, their language performance, and language teachers’ professional development. The selected studies document a variety of appr…
Self and Identity in Adolescent Foreign Language Learning, Florentina Taylor
The ideological framing of ‘dialect’
This paper reports on a study that analysed the ideological framing of ‘Chinese dialects’ or ‘regional Chinese varieties’ in the mainland China's state print media reports of ‘dialect crisis’ and the associated efforts to sustain the use of these ‘dialects’ from 2002 to 2012. The analysis revealed that regional Chinese varieties were portrayed as essential to enriching individual citizens' cultural experiences and maintaining cultural diversity. …
Language and identity in Englishes . UrszulaClark. 2013. London and New York
Sociology (79 obras) · Psychology (74 obras) · Pedagogy (68 obras) · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning (67 obras) · Linguistics (67 obras) · Political science (65 obras) · Second Language Learning and Teaching (64 obras) · Multilingual Education and Policy (61 obras) · Mathematics education (43 obras) · China (42 obras)