Richard Mulgan
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 750028 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Richard Mulgan |
| PRENOMES | Richard |
| SOBRENOME | Mulgan |
| ASSINATURA | MULGAN R |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Australian National University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2610-429X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 37 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 460 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1968 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Regulating the post‐employment of public officials
The potential abuse of power by public officials after they have left government employment became a major issue in Australia with the appointment of two recently retired senior federal ministers to lucrative positions with firms which had close dealings with their former departments. The cases raise important questions about the regulation of ‘the revolving door’ which is an increasing feature of governance as the public and private sectors move…
Where Have All the Ministers Gone
The relationship between ministers and public servants has been a longstanding topic among students of Australian public administration. Recent debate has centred on issues of supposed politicisation and excessive responsiveness in the Australian Public Service (APS), caused, in part, by the weakened tenure of department heads (secretaries). The recent Moran report has little to say on this relationship. It endorses changes to the appointment pro…
How Much Responsiveness is Too Much or Too Little
This article analyses the main principles underlying public service responsiveness, illustrating them with examples drawn largely from recent experience in the Australian Commonwealth government. The final section attempts to identify some general international trends which are placing new strains on the relationships between politicians and public servants
The Accountability Priorities of Australian Parliamentarians
Managerialist reforms to the public service, as part of the drive for improved efficiency and effectiveness, sought to reorient the accountability priorities of parliamentarians away from a supposedly excessive concern with process and results and more towards results (outputs and outcomes). To what extent, if any, have the accountability priorities of parliamentarians changed over the last two decades? Content analysis of a sample of estimates c…
Transparency
Truth in Government and the Politicization of Public Service Advice
Recent controversies over intelligence in Iraq, to give one example, have raised problems about the politicization of official advice from government, particularly what we are led to believe is factual or ‘objective’ advice. Objectivity is a contested value and the lines are often hard to draw between fact, spin and misrepresentation. Public servants are held to higher standards of objectivity than politicians, a fact on which politicians trade w…
Government Accountability For Outsourced Services
The effect of outsourcing on government accountability for public services continues to be contested. Analysts point to an accountability deficit while governments insist that accountability is retained (and indeed improved). The existence of an accountability deficit is confirmed, using examples from the Commonwealth Job Network. The government claim, that accountability remains, is best interpreted as rhetorical, as a refusal to shift blame to …
Outsourcing and public service values
With the increasing use of private organizations to provide public services and the corresponding blurring of boundaries between the public and private sectors, can public servants be held to a distinct code of ethics or should public sector ethical standards be applied to private providers? This question is explored in the context of the Australian Commonwealth which has recently codified a set of public service values in legislation and where a…
Holding Power to Account
This book provides a general overview of accountability, a key concept in modern democratic governance. Richard Mulgan draws on examples and analyses from the United States and the United Kingdom as w
One Cheer for Hierarchy- Accountability in Disjointed Governance
The recent trend to devolved and decoupled governance has raised issues of accountability. Are networks of independent actors and agencies more or less accountable than traditional government hierarchies under political control? The same question has long been posed of federations versus unitary systems. Accountability itself is a contested term with different versions placing more or less emphasis on external scrutiny versus internal responsibil…
On Ministerial Resignations (and the Lack Thereof)
Public Accountability of Provider Agencies
Introduction: executive agencies and accountability One of the major international innovations in public sector institutional design of the last decade has been the institutional separation of purchasing and providing functions previously carried out by line departments (OECD, 1995: 32). This split may take a number of different forms (Department of Finance, 1995), including the allocation of providing functions to new executive agencies which ar…
Auditors‐General
The role of Auditors‐General has expanded in recent decades, particularly with the development of performance auditing. Performance auditing originated in the managerialist concern for monitoring results, but in some respects Auditors‐General have found themselves at odds with managerialism, particularly where outsourcing and privatisation have reduced the level of public accountability. Performance auditing has also increased the potential for A…
The 'Mandate
(2000). The 'Mandate': A Response to Goot. Australian Journal of Political Science: Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 317-322
Comparing Accountability in the Public and Private Sectors
Analysis of public accountability tends to concentrate on public sector institutions. However, increasing use of the private sector in the provision of public services suggests the need to compare accountability in the two sectors. While private sector (for‐profit) companies are more accountable in terms of their 'bottom line', accountability requirements in the public sector are generally more stringent, particularly with regard to process and g…
Accountability’
The scope and meaning of ‘accountability’ has been extended in a number of directions well beyond its core sense of being called to account for one’s actions. It has been applied to internal aspects of official behaviour, beyond the external focus implied by being called to account; to institutions that control official behaviour other than through calling officials to account; to means of making officials responsive to public wishes other than t…
The role of friendship in Aristotle's political theory
Aristotle, Ethical Diversity and Political Argument
Politicisation of Senior Appointments in the Australian Public Service
The vexed question of politicisation and patronage in the Australian Public Service is explored in this article. Recent dismissals and appointments of department secretaries have raised concerns about political convenience, trends towards partisanship and the erosion of ‘frank and fearless’ advice. Alternatively, governments have come to insist on ‘partnership’ arrangements between ministers and secretaries, to enhance ‘political accountability’ …
Contracting Out and Accountability
Governments are increasingly moving to contract out the provision of public services which have previously been delivered by public service departments. Contracting out typically implies provision by private sector contractors. However, it may also include in‐house provision by public service departments or other public agencies where the right to provide is won through competitive tendering and is governed by contract. At the Commonwealth level,…
The Processes of Public Accountability
There is a sameness to writing on public accountability which does not always do justice to the subject. With responsibility and accountability conflated and an idealised version of the Westminster model held up as the only test, ministers constantly appear irresponsible. Yet a more complex account of public accountability is possible, one which acknowledges that no single institution can undertake the important work of ensuring accountability fr…
The Australian Senate as a 'House of Review
The contested term 'house of review', which is commonly applied to the Senate, is discussed in light of evidence from recent political debates. The Senate is seen to review government action in general rather than simply legislation forwarded from the House of Representatives. Review implies scrutiny of a government held responsible for decisions. It is to be distinguished from the process of negotiating over the substance of policy in which resp…
Maori, Pakeha and Democracy
Aristotle and the Value of Political Participation
What value should we place on political activity? Is it intrinsically valuable, engaged in for its own sake as part of the good life, as essential to complete development as a human being? Is it, on the other hand, an evil to be avoided at all costs or at best engaged in as a necessary means toward other, nonpolitical goals? Where did Aristotle stand on this issue? He is often seen as supporting the view that politics and political activity belon…
Recent writing on New Zealand politics
Geoffrey Palmer, Unbridled Power, second edition, Auckland, Oxford University Press, 1987, pp.322. NZ$29.95 (paper) John Roberts, Politicians, Public Servants and Public Enterprise, Wellington, Victoria University Press for the Institute of Policy Studies, 1987, pp. 179. NZ$22.95 (paper) Keith Jackson, The Dilemma of Parliament, Wellington, Allen and Unwin Port Nicholson Press, 1987, pp.204. NZ$29.95 (paper) Stephen Levine and Raj Vasil, Maori Po…
Accountability’
The scope and meaning of ‘accountability’ has been extended in a number of directions well beyond its core sense of being called to account for one’s actions. It has been applied to internal aspects of official behaviour, beyond the external focus implied by being called to account; to institutions that control official behaviour other than through calling officials to account; to means of making officials responsive to public wishes other than t…
Truth in Government and the Politicization of Public Service Advice
Recent controversies over intelligence in Iraq, to give one example, have raised problems about the politicization of official advice from government, particularly what we are led to believe is factual or ‘objective’ advice. Objectivity is a contested value and the lines are often hard to draw between fact, spin and misrepresentation. Public servants are held to higher standards of objectivity than politicians, a fact on which politicians trade w…
Comparing Accountability in the Public and Private Sectors
Analysis of public accountability tends to concentrate on public sector institutions. However, increasing use of the private sector in the provision of public services suggests the need to compare accountability in the two sectors. While private sector (for‐profit) companies are more accountable in terms of their 'bottom line', accountability requirements in the public sector are generally more stringent, particularly with regard to process and g…
The Processes of Public Accountability
There is a sameness to writing on public accountability which does not always do justice to the subject. With responsibility and accountability conflated and an idealised version of the Westminster model held up as the only test, ministers constantly appear irresponsible. Yet a more complex account of public accountability is possible, one which acknowledges that no single institution can undertake the important work of ensuring accountability fr…
Aristotle and the Value of Political Participation
What value should we place on political activity? Is it intrinsically valuable, engaged in for its own sake as part of the good life, as essential to complete development as a human being? Is it, on the other hand, an evil to be avoided at all costs or at best engaged in as a necessary means toward other, nonpolitical goals? Where did Aristotle stand on this issue? He is often seen as supporting the view that politics and political activity belon…
How Much Responsiveness is Too Much or Too Little
This article analyses the main principles underlying public service responsiveness, illustrating them with examples drawn largely from recent experience in the Australian Commonwealth government. The final section attempts to identify some general international trends which are placing new strains on the relationships between politicians and public servants
Politicisation of Senior Appointments in the Australian Public Service
The vexed question of politicisation and patronage in the Australian Public Service is explored in this article. Recent dismissals and appointments of department secretaries have raised concerns about political convenience, trends towards partisanship and the erosion of ‘frank and fearless’ advice. Alternatively, governments have come to insist on ‘partnership’ arrangements between ministers and secretaries, to enhance ‘political accountability’ …
Government Accountability For Outsourced Services
The effect of outsourcing on government accountability for public services continues to be contested. Analysts point to an accountability deficit while governments insist that accountability is retained (and indeed improved). The existence of an accountability deficit is confirmed, using examples from the Commonwealth Job Network. The government claim, that accountability remains, is best interpreted as rhetorical, as a refusal to shift blame to …
The Australian Senate as a 'House of Review
The contested term 'house of review', which is commonly applied to the Senate, is discussed in light of evidence from recent political debates. The Senate is seen to review government action in general rather than simply legislation forwarded from the House of Representatives. Review implies scrutiny of a government held responsible for decisions. It is to be distinguished from the process of negotiating over the substance of policy in which resp…
Lot as a Democratic Device of Selection
Lot is a possible alternative to election as a democratic means of selection. The prime historical instance of its political use is classical Athens. Lot was an important expression of the Athenian democrats' commitment to equality, more egalitarian than election which assumed equality of opportunity rather than desert. Lot also had certain important political effects, such as reducing factionalism and maintaining the authority of the assembly. I…
Contracting Out and Accountability
Governments are increasingly moving to contract out the provision of public services which have previously been delivered by public service departments. Contracting out typically implies provision by private sector contractors. However, it may also include in‐house provision by public service departments or other public agencies where the right to provide is won through competitive tendering and is governed by contract. At the Commonwealth level,…
Outsourcing and public service values
With the increasing use of private organizations to provide public services and the corresponding blurring of boundaries between the public and private sectors, can public servants be held to a distinct code of ethics or should public sector ethical standards be applied to private providers? This question is explored in the context of the Australian Commonwealth which has recently codified a set of public service values in legislation and where a…
One Cheer for Hierarchy- Accountability in Disjointed Governance
The recent trend to devolved and decoupled governance has raised issues of accountability. Are networks of independent actors and agencies more or less accountable than traditional government hierarchies under political control? The same question has long been posed of federations versus unitary systems. Accountability itself is a contested term with different versions placing more or less emphasis on external scrutiny versus internal responsibil…
Public Accountability of Provider Agencies
Introduction: executive agencies and accountability One of the major international innovations in public sector institutional design of the last decade has been the institutional separation of purchasing and providing functions previously carried out by line departments (OECD, 1995: 32). This split may take a number of different forms (Department of Finance, 1995), including the allocation of providing functions to new executive agencies which ar…
The Accountability Priorities of Australian Parliamentarians
Managerialist reforms to the public service, as part of the drive for improved efficiency and effectiveness, sought to reorient the accountability priorities of parliamentarians away from a supposedly excessive concern with process and results and more towards results (outputs and outcomes). To what extent, if any, have the accountability priorities of parliamentarians changed over the last two decades? Content analysis of a sample of estimates c…
The role of friendship in Aristotle's political theory
The Concept of Mandate in New Zealand Politics
(1978). The Concept of Mandate in New Zealand Politics. Political Science: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 88-96
Regulating the post‐employment of public officials
The potential abuse of power by public officials after they have left government employment became a major issue in Australia with the appointment of two recently retired senior federal ministers to lucrative positions with firms which had close dealings with their former departments. The cases raise important questions about the regulation of ‘the revolving door’ which is an increasing feature of governance as the public and private sectors move…
Where Have All the Ministers Gone
The relationship between ministers and public servants has been a longstanding topic among students of Australian public administration. Recent debate has centred on issues of supposed politicisation and excessive responsiveness in the Australian Public Service (APS), caused, in part, by the weakened tenure of department heads (secretaries). The recent Moran report has little to say on this relationship. It endorses changes to the appointment pro…
On Ministerial Resignations (and the Lack Thereof)
Auditors‐General
The role of Auditors‐General has expanded in recent decades, particularly with the development of performance auditing. Performance auditing originated in the managerialist concern for monitoring results, but in some respects Auditors‐General have found themselves at odds with managerialism, particularly where outsourcing and privatisation have reduced the level of public accountability. Performance auditing has also increased the potential for A…
The 'Mandate
(2000). The 'Mandate': A Response to Goot. Australian Journal of Political Science: Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 317-322
Aristotle, Ethical Diversity and Political Argument
Who should have how much say about what? Some Problems in Pluralist Democracy
(1984). Who should have how much say about what? Some Problems in Pluralist Democracy. Political Science: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 112-124
A Note on Aristotle's Absolute Ruler
A ccording to Aristotle in the Politics, absolute rule, i.e. rule unrestricted by law, can be justified only in the case of a man or men of transcendent virtue. Though Aristotle is clearly influenced by the arguments in Plato's Statesman, he gives much more emphasis than Plato does to the relative as distinct from the intrinsic qualities needed in an absolute ruler.' To qualify him for absolute rule, a man's virtue would have to be not only very …
Individual and Collective Virtues in the Republic
It has long been recognised that there are inconsistencies or 'tensions' in Plato's account of the virtues in the tripartite state and individual (Republic IV) and scholars have settled for an interpretation of this passage which would most easily fit most of the evidence. This traditional version has recently come under attacks which have been formidable but, I hope to show, misplaced.' The problem arises from the fact that Plato holds two diffe…
Defining ‘Democracy’
Because of the challenge to traditional ways of thinking about democratic government provided by elitist theories and studies of actual voting behaviour, the problem of defining ‘democracy’ has received much attention in the last few decades. The side effects of this debate have been considerable and beneficial. The ‘economic’ model, for instance, has suggested fruitful lines of inquiry about the ways in which modern democracies work. But on the …
Aristotle's Sovereign
Socrates and Authority
In a well-known passage in the Apology , Socrates says that if the court release him on condition that he give up questioning the views of his fellow citizens, he will refuse to obey: ... If you say to me, ‘Socrates, this time we will not follow Anytus but will let you go on condition that you no longer spend your time on this inquiry and stop philosophizing; if you are caught doing this again, you shall die’—if you were to acquit me on this cond…
A Note on Aristotle's Absolute Ruler
A ccording to Aristotle in the Politics, absolute rule, i.e. rule unrestricted by law, can be justified only in the case of a man or men of transcendent virtue. Though Aristotle is clearly influenced by the arguments in Plato's Statesman, he gives much more emphasis than Plato does to the relative as distinct from the intrinsic qualities needed in an absolute ruler.' To qualify him for absolute rule, a man's virtue would have to be not only very …
The Concept of Mandate in New Zealand Politics
(1978). The Concept of Mandate in New Zealand Politics. Political Science: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 88-96
Was Caesar an Epicurean? (Sallust, BC 51.20)
Lycophron and Greek Theories of Social Contract
Les theories du contrat social de Platon ou d'Epicure n'avaient pas pour but de restreindre la portee des lois, contrairement a celle de Lycophron, si l'on en croit du moins la citation faite par Aristote, qui reste a discuter
Aristotle's Political Theory
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Aristotle’s Political Theory. By R. G. Mulgan. (Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1977. Pp. vii + 156.) Aristotle. By John B. Morrall. ( Allen & Unwin. 1977. Pp. 120.) David Keyt David Keyt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 31, Issue 122, January 1981, Pages 68–69, https://doi.org/10.2307/2218678 Published: 01 January 1981
Who should have how much say about what? Some Problems in Pluralist Democracy
(1984). Who should have how much say about what? Some Problems in Pluralist Democracy. Political Science: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 112-124
Lot as a Democratic Device of Selection
Lot is a possible alternative to election as a democratic means of selection. The prime historical instance of its political use is classical Athens. Lot was an important expression of the Athenian democrats' commitment to equality, more egalitarian than election which assumed equality of opportunity rather than desert. Lot also had certain important political effects, such as reducing factionalism and maintaining the authority of the assembly. I…
Recent writing on New Zealand politics
Geoffrey Palmer, Unbridled Power, second edition, Auckland, Oxford University Press, 1987, pp.322. NZ$29.95 (paper) John Roberts, Politicians, Public Servants and Public Enterprise, Wellington, Victoria University Press for the Institute of Policy Studies, 1987, pp. 179. NZ$22.95 (paper) Keith Jackson, The Dilemma of Parliament, Wellington, Allen and Unwin Port Nicholson Press, 1987, pp.204. NZ$29.95 (paper) Stephen Levine and Raj Vasil, Maori Po…
Can the Treaty of Waitangi provide a Constitutional Basis for New Zealand’s Political Future
Aristotle and the Value of Political Participation
What value should we place on political activity? Is it intrinsically valuable, engaged in for its own sake as part of the good life, as essential to complete development as a human being? Is it, on the other hand, an evil to be avoided at all costs or at best engaged in as a necessary means toward other, nonpolitical goals? Where did Aristotle stand on this issue? He is often seen as supporting the view that politics and political activity belon…
Maori, Pakeha and Democracy
The Australian Senate as a 'House of Review
The contested term 'house of review', which is commonly applied to the Senate, is discussed in light of evidence from recent political debates. The Senate is seen to review government action in general rather than simply legislation forwarded from the House of Representatives. Review implies scrutiny of a government held responsible for decisions. It is to be distinguished from the process of negotiating over the substance of policy in which resp…
Contracting Out and Accountability
Governments are increasingly moving to contract out the provision of public services which have previously been delivered by public service departments. Contracting out typically implies provision by private sector contractors. However, it may also include in‐house provision by public service departments or other public agencies where the right to provide is won through competitive tendering and is governed by contract. At the Commonwealth level,…
The Processes of Public Accountability
There is a sameness to writing on public accountability which does not always do justice to the subject. With responsibility and accountability conflated and an idealised version of the Westminster model held up as the only test, ministers constantly appear irresponsible. Yet a more complex account of public accountability is possible, one which acknowledges that no single institution can undertake the important work of ensuring accountability fr…
Politicisation of Senior Appointments in the Australian Public Service
The vexed question of politicisation and patronage in the Australian Public Service is explored in this article. Recent dismissals and appointments of department secretaries have raised concerns about political convenience, trends towards partisanship and the erosion of ‘frank and fearless’ advice. Alternatively, governments have come to insist on ‘partnership’ arrangements between ministers and secretaries, to enhance ‘political accountability’ …
The role of friendship in Aristotle's political theory
Aristotle, Ethical Diversity and Political Argument
The 'Mandate
(2000). The 'Mandate': A Response to Goot. Australian Journal of Political Science: Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 317-322
Comparing Accountability in the Public and Private Sectors
Analysis of public accountability tends to concentrate on public sector institutions. However, increasing use of the private sector in the provision of public services suggests the need to compare accountability in the two sectors. While private sector (for‐profit) companies are more accountable in terms of their 'bottom line', accountability requirements in the public sector are generally more stringent, particularly with regard to process and g…
Accountability’
The scope and meaning of ‘accountability’ has been extended in a number of directions well beyond its core sense of being called to account for one’s actions. It has been applied to internal aspects of official behaviour, beyond the external focus implied by being called to account; to institutions that control official behaviour other than through calling officials to account; to means of making officials responsive to public wishes other than t…
Auditors‐General
The role of Auditors‐General has expanded in recent decades, particularly with the development of performance auditing. Performance auditing originated in the managerialist concern for monitoring results, but in some respects Auditors‐General have found themselves at odds with managerialism, particularly where outsourcing and privatisation have reduced the level of public accountability. Performance auditing has also increased the potential for A…
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