Upendra Bhojani
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 7581396 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Upendra Bhojani |
| PRENOMES | Upendra |
| SOBRENOME | Bhojani |
| ASSINATURA | BHOJANI U |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Institute of Public Health Bengaluru |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9179-6248 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 15 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 0 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 15 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2011 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 0 |
Implementing the World Health Organization - Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Article 5.3
India experiences a high degree of tobacco industry interference. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, in its Article 5.3, requires members to protect their policies from tobacco industry influence. Despite the global guidance, the implementation of the Article 5.3 of the convention remains far from desired. We study implementation processes concerning the Article 5.3 policies in 17 of the 19 Indian states that h…
Policymakers’ concerns linking tobacco and Indigenous communities in India
Tobacco use and associated disease burden remain high among Indigenous communities in India. Despite an overall decline in tobacco consumption over the last few decades, the social disparities in tobacco use have widened, with Indigenous communities experiencing the least decline. Existing tobacco control policies lack specific considerations for Indigenous communities. Hence, as part of a broader research initiative focusing on the health of Ind…
A realist evaluation of the implementation of a national tobacco control programme and policy in India
There is a growing interest in studying and unpacking the implementation of policies and programmes as it provides an opportunity to reduce the policy translation time lag taken for research findings to translate into policies and be implemented and to understand why policies may fail. Realist evaluation is a theory-driven approach that embraces complexity and helps to identify the mechanisms generating the observed policy outcomes in a given con…
Is India on a path to reduce the tobacco industry’s influence in tobacco control? Insights from the Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index (2019–2023)
Introduction: The tobacco industry (TI), driven by profit motives, consistently conceals health risks through deceptive strategies, notably in countries like India. These tactics create vulnerabilities that hinder effective tobacco control measures and enable the TI to exploit legal gaps. Understanding these TI strategies is essential for policymakers to take appropriate preventive and corrective measures in order to limit tobacco industry interf…
Shifting the gaze on implementation
We find significant association between the implementation of tobacco control laws/programs and tobacco use in India. Our findings highlight the potential that policy implementation holds in reducing population-level tobacco use thus drawing attention towards the implementation phase of policies. The findings have implications on prioritising enforcement of specific tobacco control measures such as smokefree laws, modifying COTPA signages to enco…
How do tobacco control policies work in low-income and middle-income countries? A realist synthesis
BACKGROUND: The burden of tobacco use is disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is scarce theorisation on what works with respect to implementation of tobacco control policies in these settings. Given the complex nature of tobacco control policy implementation, diversity in outcomes of widely implemented policies and the defining role of the context, we conducted a realist synthesis to examine tobacco control p…
Using social network analysis to understand multisectoral governance in district-level tobacco control programme implementation in India
INTRODUCTION: Interest in multisectoral policies has increased, particularly in the context of low-income and middle-income countries and efforts towards Sustainable Development Goals, with greater attention to understand effective strategies for implementation and governance. The study aimed to explore and map the composition and structure of a multisectoral initiative in tobacco control, identifying key factors engaged in policy implementation …
Diverse and competing interests around tobacco
INTRODUCTION: India continues to enhance tobacco control regulations protecting the public health while housing a widespread tobacco industry. This implies complexities in regulating tobacco. As part of a broader inquiry on the political economy of tobacco, we aimed to understand the concerns of Indian parliamentarians around tobacco. METHODS: We sourced transcripts of tobacco-related questions asked by parliamentarians between the years 1999 and…
Strategic and contested use of food laws to ban smokeless tobacco products in India
Despite facing several legal challenges from the tobacco industry, Indian states optimised food laws to enable stricter regulations on smokeless tobacco products than were feasible through use of a tobacco-specific law
Intervening in the local health system to improve diabetes care
BACKGROUND: Many efficacious health service interventions to improve diabetes care are known. However, there is little evidence on whether such interventions are effective while delivered in real-world resource-constrained settings. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an intervention aimed at improving diabetes care using the RE-AIM (reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study was con…
Conflicts of interest in tobacco control in India
Conflicts of interest are rampant in India and operate in many different ways. These conflicts can lead to negative consequences for tobacco control with far-reaching effects. Varied strategies using legal, administrative and legislative tools need to be adopted to manage conflicts of interest
Constraints faced by urban poor in managing diabetes care
BACKGROUND: Four out of five adults with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). India has the second highest number of diabetes patients in the world. Despite a huge burden, diabetes care remains suboptimal. While patients (and families) play an important role in managing chronic conditions, there is a dearth of studies in LMIC and virtually none in India capturing perspectives and experiences of patients in regard to diabetes …
The Health System Dynamics Framework
Frameworks can clarify concepts and improve understanding of underlying mechanisms in the domain of health systems research and strengthening. Many existing frameworks have a limited capacity to analyze interactions and equilibriums within a health system overlooking values as an underlying steering mechanism. This paper introduces the health system dynamics framework and demonstrates its application as a tool for analysis and modelling. The adde…
Out-of-pocket healthcare payments on chronic conditions impoverish urban poor in Bangalore, India
This study provides evidence from India that the out-of-pocket payment for chronic conditions, even for outpatient care, pushes people into poverty. Our findings suggest that improving availability of affordable medications and diagnostics for chronic conditions, as well as strengthening the gate keeping function of the primary care services are important measures to enhance financial protection for urban poor. Our findings call for inclusion of …
Adolescents' perceptions about smokers in Karnataka, India
Adolescents' stereotypes of smokers, especially female smokers are largely negative. We suggest that tobacco control interventions targeting adolescents should be gender specific, should also involve their peers, family and school personnel, and should go beyond providing knowledge on harmful effects of smoking to interventions that influence adolescents' social construct of smoking/smoker
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Adolescents' perceptions about smokers in Karnataka, India
Adolescents' stereotypes of smokers, especially female smokers are largely negative. We suggest that tobacco control interventions targeting adolescents should be gender specific, should also involve their peers, family and school personnel, and should go beyond providing knowledge on harmful effects of smoking to interventions that influence adolescents' social construct of smoking/smoker
The Health System Dynamics Framework
Frameworks can clarify concepts and improve understanding of underlying mechanisms in the domain of health systems research and strengthening. Many existing frameworks have a limited capacity to analyze interactions and equilibriums within a health system overlooking values as an underlying steering mechanism. This paper introduces the health system dynamics framework and demonstrates its application as a tool for analysis and modelling. The adde…
Out-of-pocket healthcare payments on chronic conditions impoverish urban poor in Bangalore, India
This study provides evidence from India that the out-of-pocket payment for chronic conditions, even for outpatient care, pushes people into poverty. Our findings suggest that improving availability of affordable medications and diagnostics for chronic conditions, as well as strengthening the gate keeping function of the primary care services are important measures to enhance financial protection for urban poor. Our findings call for inclusion of …
Constraints faced by urban poor in managing diabetes care
BACKGROUND: Four out of five adults with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). India has the second highest number of diabetes patients in the world. Despite a huge burden, diabetes care remains suboptimal. While patients (and families) play an important role in managing chronic conditions, there is a dearth of studies in LMIC and virtually none in India capturing perspectives and experiences of patients in regard to diabetes …
Intervening in the local health system to improve diabetes care
BACKGROUND: Many efficacious health service interventions to improve diabetes care are known. However, there is little evidence on whether such interventions are effective while delivered in real-world resource-constrained settings. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an intervention aimed at improving diabetes care using the RE-AIM (reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study was con…
Conflicts of interest in tobacco control in India
Conflicts of interest are rampant in India and operate in many different ways. These conflicts can lead to negative consequences for tobacco control with far-reaching effects. Varied strategies using legal, administrative and legislative tools need to be adopted to manage conflicts of interest
Diverse and competing interests around tobacco
INTRODUCTION: India continues to enhance tobacco control regulations protecting the public health while housing a widespread tobacco industry. This implies complexities in regulating tobacco. As part of a broader inquiry on the political economy of tobacco, we aimed to understand the concerns of Indian parliamentarians around tobacco. METHODS: We sourced transcripts of tobacco-related questions asked by parliamentarians between the years 1999 and…
Strategic and contested use of food laws to ban smokeless tobacco products in India
Despite facing several legal challenges from the tobacco industry, Indian states optimised food laws to enable stricter regulations on smokeless tobacco products than were feasible through use of a tobacco-specific law
How do tobacco control policies work in low-income and middle-income countries? A realist synthesis
BACKGROUND: The burden of tobacco use is disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is scarce theorisation on what works with respect to implementation of tobacco control policies in these settings. Given the complex nature of tobacco control policy implementation, diversity in outcomes of widely implemented policies and the defining role of the context, we conducted a realist synthesis to examine tobacco control p…
Using social network analysis to understand multisectoral governance in district-level tobacco control programme implementation in India
INTRODUCTION: Interest in multisectoral policies has increased, particularly in the context of low-income and middle-income countries and efforts towards Sustainable Development Goals, with greater attention to understand effective strategies for implementation and governance. The study aimed to explore and map the composition and structure of a multisectoral initiative in tobacco control, identifying key factors engaged in policy implementation …
Shifting the gaze on implementation
We find significant association between the implementation of tobacco control laws/programs and tobacco use in India. Our findings highlight the potential that policy implementation holds in reducing population-level tobacco use thus drawing attention towards the implementation phase of policies. The findings have implications on prioritising enforcement of specific tobacco control measures such as smokefree laws, modifying COTPA signages to enco…
Is India on a path to reduce the tobacco industry’s influence in tobacco control? Insights from the Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index (2019–2023)
Introduction: The tobacco industry (TI), driven by profit motives, consistently conceals health risks through deceptive strategies, notably in countries like India. These tactics create vulnerabilities that hinder effective tobacco control measures and enable the TI to exploit legal gaps. Understanding these TI strategies is essential for policymakers to take appropriate preventive and corrective measures in order to limit tobacco industry interf…
A realist evaluation of the implementation of a national tobacco control programme and policy in India
There is a growing interest in studying and unpacking the implementation of policies and programmes as it provides an opportunity to reduce the policy translation time lag taken for research findings to translate into policies and be implemented and to understand why policies may fail. Realist evaluation is a theory-driven approach that embraces complexity and helps to identify the mechanisms generating the observed policy outcomes in a given con…
Implementing the World Health Organization - Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Article 5.3
India experiences a high degree of tobacco industry interference. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, in its Article 5.3, requires members to protect their policies from tobacco industry influence. Despite the global guidance, the implementation of the Article 5.3 of the convention remains far from desired. We study implementation processes concerning the Article 5.3 policies in 17 of the 19 Indian states that h…
Policymakers’ concerns linking tobacco and Indigenous communities in India
Tobacco use and associated disease burden remain high among Indigenous communities in India. Despite an overall decline in tobacco consumption over the last few decades, the social disparities in tobacco use have widened, with Indigenous communities experiencing the least decline. Existing tobacco control policies lack specific considerations for Indigenous communities. Hence, as part of a broader research initiative focusing on the health of Ind…
Medicine (13 obras) · Public health (9 obras) · Tobacco control (9 obras) · Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology (8 obras) · Political science (8 obras) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (7 obras) · Business (6 obras) · Economic growth (6 obras) · Economics (6 obras) · Environmental health (6 obras)