William N Elwood
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 759737 |
|---|---|
| NOME | William N Elwood |
| PRENOMES | William N |
| SOBRENOME | Elwood |
| ASSINATURA | ELWOOD W N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8979-178X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 15 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 67 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 14 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1995 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Health‐Related Influences of Extending Marital Benefits to Same‐Sex Couples
Objective To explore how incremental California legal changes toward the implementation of same‐sex marriage influenced self‐reported mental and physical health among adult Californians in legal same‐sex marriages and partnerships. Methods We analyzed California Health Interview Survey data from 2005 to 2015 to assess the relationship between self‐reported mental and physical health and legal same‐sex marital/partnership status. Physical health w…
Culture
Risks Both Known and Unknown
The idea of situation has gained increased attention in HIV/STD prevention research and practice. In the context of prevention, situation does not simply connote setting or place but also incorporates meanings people attached to the physical setting and how the complex interrelation of setting, meaning, and behaviors influences decisions regarding sexual behaviors and prevention measures. Kenneth Burke's pentadic analysis provides a means to illu…
Reasons for HIV Disclosure/Nondisclosure in Close Relationships
This research examined the relative importance of reasons for HIV disclosure/nondisclosure with a friend, intimate partner, and parents. Participants were 145 men and women with HIV. Overall, catharsis, a will to duty/educate, and having a close/supportive relationship were endorsed as reasons that influence HIV disclosure. Privacy, self–blame, fear of rejection, and protecting the other were endorsed as reasons that influence nondisclosure. Both…
Desperately Seeking Skeezers
HIV infection rates among African-Americans have increased disproportionately when compared to other at-risk groups in the United States. Crack smoking also has been found to increase the risk of infections with HIV, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted diseases. Despite the scientific and citizenly dissemination of this information, infection rates continue to increase among African-American drug users, as traditionally-used prevention curri…
The Head that Doesn't Speak One Calls a Cabbage
This essay comments on articles in this special issue on HIV and AIDS in the context of social and personal relationships. Specifically, it argues that active communication about sex and condom use and equally vigorous communication regarding HIV-treatment issues is required to reduce HIVtransmissions and to facilitate its treatment. In particular, the articles demonstrate that undereducated, impoverished individuals may require more active and i…
Perceived HIV-related Stigma and HIV Disclosure to Relationship Partners after Finding Out about the Seropositive Diagnosis
The present study examined how perceived HIV-related stigma (how much HIV-infected persons believe that the public stigmatizes someone with HIV) influences both reasons for and against HIV disclosure and self-reports of HIV disclosure to a friend, intimate partner and a parent. The research participants were 145 men and women living with HIV. They were asked to recall when they first learned about their HIV diagnosis. Then they indicated how much…
Sticky Business
Reports of recreational codeine cough syrup use have increased in Houston and in the state of Texas. Occasional and polydrug users increasingly have consumed codeine cough syrup (with or without alcohol or other drugs) over the past three years, accounting for a $40 increase in the price of an eight-ounce bottle on the underground economy. News stories regarding syrup abuse and reports of deaths by codeine overdoses suggested the need to explore …
Determinants of condom use among African Americans who smoke crack cocaine
This paper presents findings from an elicitation study that focused on the sexual risks and condom use behaviour of African American crack smokers. Of interest were the attitudes, beliefs, and barriers that affect the adoption and maintenance of condoms as an HIV prophylactic. Thick descriptive data were collected from 64 heterosexual African Americans who smoke crack cocaine. Data were content analysed for descriptions of condom use attitudes, n…
Power in the Blood
Contents: Introduction. Part I: Political: Introductory Perspectives. W.N. Elwood, Burden of Sin: Transmitting Messages and Viruses in a Stigmatized Plague. K.A. Clark, Pink Water: Archetype of Blood and the Pool of Infinite Contagion. M.J. Sobnosky, E. Hauser, Initiating or Avoiding Activism: Red Ribbons, Pink Triangles, and Public Argument About AIDS. C.B. McCoy, C. Miles, L.R. Metsch, Medicalization of Discourse Within an AIDS Research Setting…
Embalming Fluid-Soaked Marijuana
A growing trend of smoking marijuana soaked in what is purported to be embalming fluid has been reported in the literature since the mid-1980s. This article describes several cases of intoxication, gives regional epidemiological data on this phenomenon, and includes current nomenclature. The authors also analyze a sample of fluid said to be embalming fluid and discover PCP (phencyclidine) and multiple congeners and by-products of PCP manufacture.…
Powerlessness and HIV prevention among people who trade sex for drugs ('strawberries')
Researchers and members of the drug culture have employed the term 'strawberries' to describe African American women who trade sex for drugs. Data from six US cities participating in a community-based drug research project were analysed to examine the determinants of trading sex for drugs. As shown by our data, some African American women match the street description commonly attributed to 'strawberries'. However, our results also show that tradi…
An assessment of the risks of syphilis and HIV infection among a sample of not-in-treatment drug users in Houston, Texas
The research presented in this paper details the results of an assessment of the risk factors associated with having a positive syphilis or HIV serology. The study was conducted using a sample of not-in-treatment drug users volunteering to participate in an HIV risk reduction intervention. The sample was composed of individuals who had injected drugs within 30 days or smoked crack cocaine 48 hours prior to participation in the study. Study partic…
Declaring War on the Home Front
Presidents often declare war against foreign enemies and win public support for such initiatives. Presidents also define domestic issues, and citizens look to presidents to construct a domestic agenda. Although successful in foreign applications, presidential invocations of the war metaphor have been less popular domestically. One exception is the war on drugs. Despite criticisms of drug control policies and use of the war metaphor to define our …
To Hang in the 'Hood
The unique, influential, and successful characteristics of outreach as a risk behavior reduction intervention among active drug users is examined. The history of outreach is posited as a delineation of roles, and the outreach process as one of communication and role enactment. The premise is that the outreach worker's juxtaposition of multiple communicative roles facilitates success with HIV outreach interventions. The word "outreach" implies a d…
Culture
Perceived HIV-related Stigma and HIV Disclosure to Relationship Partners after Finding Out about the Seropositive Diagnosis
The present study examined how perceived HIV-related stigma (how much HIV-infected persons believe that the public stigmatizes someone with HIV) influences both reasons for and against HIV disclosure and self-reports of HIV disclosure to a friend, intimate partner and a parent. The research participants were 145 men and women living with HIV. They were asked to recall when they first learned about their HIV diagnosis. Then they indicated how much…
Risks Both Known and Unknown
The idea of situation has gained increased attention in HIV/STD prevention research and practice. In the context of prevention, situation does not simply connote setting or place but also incorporates meanings people attached to the physical setting and how the complex interrelation of setting, meaning, and behaviors influences decisions regarding sexual behaviors and prevention measures. Kenneth Burke's pentadic analysis provides a means to illu…
Declaring War on the Home Front
Presidents often declare war against foreign enemies and win public support for such initiatives. Presidents also define domestic issues, and citizens look to presidents to construct a domestic agenda. Although successful in foreign applications, presidential invocations of the war metaphor have been less popular domestically. One exception is the war on drugs. Despite criticisms of drug control policies and use of the war metaphor to define our …
To Hang in the 'Hood
The unique, influential, and successful characteristics of outreach as a risk behavior reduction intervention among active drug users is examined. The history of outreach is posited as a delineation of roles, and the outreach process as one of communication and role enactment. The premise is that the outreach worker's juxtaposition of multiple communicative roles facilitates success with HIV outreach interventions. The word "outreach" implies a d…
An assessment of the risks of syphilis and HIV infection among a sample of not-in-treatment drug users in Houston, Texas
The research presented in this paper details the results of an assessment of the risk factors associated with having a positive syphilis or HIV serology. The study was conducted using a sample of not-in-treatment drug users volunteering to participate in an HIV risk reduction intervention. The sample was composed of individuals who had injected drugs within 30 days or smoked crack cocaine 48 hours prior to participation in the study. Study partic…
Powerlessness and HIV prevention among people who trade sex for drugs ('strawberries')
Researchers and members of the drug culture have employed the term 'strawberries' to describe African American women who trade sex for drugs. Data from six US cities participating in a community-based drug research project were analysed to examine the determinants of trading sex for drugs. As shown by our data, some African American women match the street description commonly attributed to 'strawberries'. However, our results also show that tradi…
Power in the Blood
Contents: Introduction. Part I: Political: Introductory Perspectives. W.N. Elwood, Burden of Sin: Transmitting Messages and Viruses in a Stigmatized Plague. K.A. Clark, Pink Water: Archetype of Blood and the Pool of Infinite Contagion. M.J. Sobnosky, E. Hauser, Initiating or Avoiding Activism: Red Ribbons, Pink Triangles, and Public Argument About AIDS. C.B. McCoy, C. Miles, L.R. Metsch, Medicalization of Discourse Within an AIDS Research Setting…
Embalming Fluid-Soaked Marijuana
A growing trend of smoking marijuana soaked in what is purported to be embalming fluid has been reported in the literature since the mid-1980s. This article describes several cases of intoxication, gives regional epidemiological data on this phenomenon, and includes current nomenclature. The authors also analyze a sample of fluid said to be embalming fluid and discover PCP (phencyclidine) and multiple congeners and by-products of PCP manufacture.…
Determinants of condom use among African Americans who smoke crack cocaine
This paper presents findings from an elicitation study that focused on the sexual risks and condom use behaviour of African American crack smokers. Of interest were the attitudes, beliefs, and barriers that affect the adoption and maintenance of condoms as an HIV prophylactic. Thick descriptive data were collected from 64 heterosexual African Americans who smoke crack cocaine. Data were content analysed for descriptions of condom use attitudes, n…
Sticky Business
Reports of recreational codeine cough syrup use have increased in Houston and in the state of Texas. Occasional and polydrug users increasingly have consumed codeine cough syrup (with or without alcohol or other drugs) over the past three years, accounting for a $40 increase in the price of an eight-ounce bottle on the underground economy. News stories regarding syrup abuse and reports of deaths by codeine overdoses suggested the need to explore …
The Head that Doesn't Speak One Calls a Cabbage
This essay comments on articles in this special issue on HIV and AIDS in the context of social and personal relationships. Specifically, it argues that active communication about sex and condom use and equally vigorous communication regarding HIV-treatment issues is required to reduce HIVtransmissions and to facilitate its treatment. In particular, the articles demonstrate that undereducated, impoverished individuals may require more active and i…
Perceived HIV-related Stigma and HIV Disclosure to Relationship Partners after Finding Out about the Seropositive Diagnosis
The present study examined how perceived HIV-related stigma (how much HIV-infected persons believe that the public stigmatizes someone with HIV) influences both reasons for and against HIV disclosure and self-reports of HIV disclosure to a friend, intimate partner and a parent. The research participants were 145 men and women living with HIV. They were asked to recall when they first learned about their HIV diagnosis. Then they indicated how much…
Desperately Seeking Skeezers
HIV infection rates among African-Americans have increased disproportionately when compared to other at-risk groups in the United States. Crack smoking also has been found to increase the risk of infections with HIV, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted diseases. Despite the scientific and citizenly dissemination of this information, infection rates continue to increase among African-American drug users, as traditionally-used prevention curri…
Reasons for HIV Disclosure/Nondisclosure in Close Relationships
This research examined the relative importance of reasons for HIV disclosure/nondisclosure with a friend, intimate partner, and parents. Participants were 145 men and women with HIV. Overall, catharsis, a will to duty/educate, and having a close/supportive relationship were endorsed as reasons that influence HIV disclosure. Privacy, self–blame, fear of rejection, and protecting the other were endorsed as reasons that influence nondisclosure. Both…
Risks Both Known and Unknown
The idea of situation has gained increased attention in HIV/STD prevention research and practice. In the context of prevention, situation does not simply connote setting or place but also incorporates meanings people attached to the physical setting and how the complex interrelation of setting, meaning, and behaviors influences decisions regarding sexual behaviors and prevention measures. Kenneth Burke's pentadic analysis provides a means to illu…
Culture
Health‐Related Influences of Extending Marital Benefits to Same‐Sex Couples
Objective To explore how incremental California legal changes toward the implementation of same‐sex marriage influenced self‐reported mental and physical health among adult Californians in legal same‐sex marriages and partnerships. Methods We analyzed California Health Interview Survey data from 2005 to 2015 to assess the relationship between self‐reported mental and physical health and legal same‐sex marital/partnership status. Physical health w…
Medicine (13 obras) · Psychology (9 obras) · Social Psychology (7 obras) · Family medicine (6 obras) · Psychiatry (6 obras) · Social Psychology (6 obras) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (5 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (5 obras) · Sociology (5 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (4 obras)